Question 1

Iodine is added to table salt to help prevent deficiencies of an essential mineral needed for the proper function of the

Accepted Answer

A)  parathyroid glands. 
B)  adrenal glands. 
C)  thyroid glands. 
D)  the endocrine pancreas. 
E)  the exocrine pancreas. 
A)  parathyroid glands. 
B)  adrenal glands. 
C)  thyroid glands. 
D)  the endocrine pancreas. 
E)  the exocrine pancreas.

Question 2

All types of muscle tissue have

Accepted Answer

A)  intercalated disks that allow cells to communicate. 
B)  striated banding patterns seen under the microscope. 
C)  cells that lengthen when appropriately stimulated. 
D)  a response that can be consciously controlled. 
E)  interactions between actin and myosin. 
A)  intercalated disks that allow cells to communicate. 
B)  striated banding patterns seen under the microscope. 
C)  cells that lengthen when appropriately stimulated. 
D)  a response that can be consciously controlled. 
E)  interactions between actin and myosin.

Question 3

When stimulated by aldosterone, the reabsorption of Na+ is increased along

Accepted Answer

A)  the loop of Henle. 
B)  the glomerulus. 
C)  Bowman's capsule. 
D)  the proximal tubule. 
E)  the distal tubule. 
A)  the loop of Henle. 
B)  the glomerulus. 
C)  Bowman's capsule. 
D)  the proximal tubule. 
E)  the distal tubule.

Question 4

Positive feedback differs from negative feedback in that

Accepted Answer

A)  positive feedback benefits the organism, whereas negative feedback is detrimental. 
B)  the positive feedback's effector responses are in the same direction as the initiating stimulus rather than opposite to it. 
C)  the effector's response increases some parameter (such as body temperature), whereas in negative feedback it can only decrease the parameter. 
D)  positive feedback systems have only effectors, whereas negative feedback systems have only receptors. 
E)  positive feedback systems have control centers that are lacking in negative feedback systems. 
A)  positive feedback benefits the organism, whereas negative feedback is detrimental. 
B)  the positive feedback's effector responses are in the same direction as the initiating stimulus rather than opposite to it. 
C)  the effector's response increases some parameter (such as body temperature), whereas in negative feedback it can only decrease the parameter. 
D)  positive feedback systems have only effectors, whereas negative feedback systems have only receptors. 
E)  positive feedback systems have control centers that are lacking in negative feedback systems.

Question 5

The temperature-regulating center of vertebrate animals is located in the

Accepted Answer

A)  medulla oblongata. 
B)  thyroid gland. 
C)  hypothalamus. 
D)  subcutaneous layer of the skin. 
E)  liver. 
A)  medulla oblongata. 
B)  thyroid gland. 
C)  hypothalamus. 
D)  subcutaneous layer of the skin. 
E)  liver.

Question 6

All hormones

Accepted Answer

A)  are produced by endocrine glands. 
B)  are lipid-soluble molecules. 
C)  are carried to target cells in the blood. 
D)  are protein molecules. 
E)  elicit the same biological response from all of their target cells. 
A)  are produced by endocrine glands. 
B)  are lipid-soluble molecules. 
C)  are carried to target cells in the blood. 
D)  are protein molecules. 
E)  elicit the same biological response from all of their target cells.

Question 7

An exchange surface in direct contact with the external environment is found in the

Accepted Answer

A)  lungs. 
B)  skeletal muscles. 
C)  liver. 
D)  heart. 
E)  brain. 
A)  lungs. 
B)  skeletal muscles. 
C)  liver. 
D)  heart. 
E)  brain.

Question 8

African lungfish, which are often found in small stagnant pools of fresh water, produce urea as a nitrogenous waste. What is the advantage of this adaptation?

Accepted Answer

A)  Urea takes less energy to synthesize than ammonia. 
B)  Small stagnant pools do not provide enough water to dilute the toxic ammonia. 
C)  The highly toxic urea makes the pool uninhabitable to potential competitors. 
D)  Urea forms an insoluble precipitate. 
E)  Urea makes lungfish tissue hypoosmotic to the pool. 
A)  Urea takes less energy to synthesize than ammonia. 
B)  Small stagnant pools do not provide enough water to dilute the toxic ammonia. 
C)  The highly toxic urea makes the pool uninhabitable to potential competitors. 
D)  Urea forms an insoluble precipitate. 
E)  Urea makes lungfish tissue hypoosmotic to the pool.

Question 9

The thermoregulatory response of an overheated dog in a very hot environment is impaired if the response causes

Accepted Answer

A)  evaporative heat loss to increase. 
B)  metabolic heat production to decrease. 
C)  body temperature to increase to match the environmental temperature. 
D)  blood vessels near the skin to vasoconstrict. 
E)  a behavioral response that takes the dog to a cooler location. 
A)  evaporative heat loss to increase. 
B)  metabolic heat production to decrease. 
C)  body temperature to increase to match the environmental temperature. 
D)  blood vessels near the skin to vasoconstrict. 
E)  a behavioral response that takes the dog to a cooler location.

Question 10

In humans, the transport epithelial cells in the ascending loop of Henle

Accepted Answer

A)  are the largest epithelial cells in the body. 
B)  are not in contact with interstitial fluid. 
C)  have plasma membranes of low permeability to water. 
D)  have 50% of their cell mass made of smooth endoplasmic reticulum. 
E)  are not affected by high levels of nitrogenous wastes. 
A)  are the largest epithelial cells in the body. 
B)  are not in contact with interstitial fluid. 
C)  have plasma membranes of low permeability to water. 
D)  have 50% of their cell mass made of smooth endoplasmic reticulum. 
E)  are not affected by high levels of nitrogenous wastes.

Question 11

Within a normally functioning kidney, blood can be found in

Accepted Answer

A)  the vasa recta. 
B)  Bowman's capsule. 
C)  the loop of Henle. 
D)  the proximal tubule. 
E)  the collecting duct. 
A)  the vasa recta. 
B)  Bowman's capsule. 
C)  the loop of Henle. 
D)  the proximal tubule. 
E)  the collecting duct.

Question 12

Osmoregulatory adjustment via the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system can be triggered by

Accepted Answer

A)  sleeping for one hour. 
B)  severe sweating on a hot day. 
C)  eating a bag of potato chips. 
D)  eating a pizza with olives and pepperoni. 
E)  drinking several glasses of water. 
A)  sleeping for one hour. 
B)  severe sweating on a hot day. 
C)  eating a bag of potato chips. 
D)  eating a pizza with olives and pepperoni. 
E)  drinking several glasses of water.

Question 13

Prolactin stimulates mammary gland growth and development in mammals and regulates salt and water balance in freshwater fish. Many scientists think that this wide range of functions indicates that prolactin

Accepted Answer

A)  is a nonspecific hormone. 
B)  has a unique mechanism for eliciting its effects. 
C)  is an evolutionarily conserved hormone. 
D)  is derived from two separate sources. 
E)  interacts with many different receptor molecules. 
A)  is a nonspecific hormone. 
B)  has a unique mechanism for eliciting its effects. 
C)  is an evolutionarily conserved hormone. 
D)  is derived from two separate sources. 
E)  interacts with many different receptor molecules.

Question 14

The nitrogenous waste that requires the most energy to produce is

Accepted Answer

A)  ammonia. 
B)  ammonium. 
C)  urea. 
D)  uric acid. 
A)  ammonia. 
B)  ammonium. 
C)  urea. 
D)  uric acid.

Question 15

After blood flow is artificially reduced at one kidney, you would expect that kidney to secrete more of the hormone known as

Accepted Answer

A)  erythropoietin. 
B)  angiotensinogen. 
C)  renin. 
D)  antidiuretic hormone. 
E)  atrial natriuretic peptide. 
A)  erythropoietin. 
B)  angiotensinogen. 
C)  renin. 
D)  antidiuretic hormone. 
E)  atrial natriuretic peptide.

Question 16

The osmoregulatory/excretory system of an earthworm is based on the operation of

Accepted Answer

A)  protonephridia. 
B)  metanephridia. 
C)  Malpighian tubules. 
D)  nephrons. 
E)  ananephredia. 
A)  protonephridia. 
B)  metanephridia. 
C)  Malpighian tubules. 
D)  nephrons. 
E)  ananephredia.

Question 17

In animals, nitrogenous wastes are produced mostly from the catabolism of

Accepted Answer

A)  starch and cellulose. 
B)  triglycerides and steroids. 
C)  proteins and nucleic acids. 
D)  phospholipids and glycolipids. 
E)  fatty acids and glycerol. 
A)  starch and cellulose. 
B)  triglycerides and steroids. 
C)  proteins and nucleic acids. 
D)  phospholipids and glycolipids. 
E)  fatty acids and glycerol.

Question 18

Connective tissues typically have

Accepted Answer

A)  many densely packed cells with direct connections between the membranes of adjacent cells. 
B)  a supporting material such as chondroitin sulfate. 
C)  the ability to shorten upon stimulation. 
D)  relatively few cells and a large amount of extracellular matrix. 
E)  the ability to transmit electrochemical impulses. 
A)  many densely packed cells with direct connections between the membranes of adjacent cells. 
B)  a supporting material such as chondroitin sulfate. 
C)  the ability to shorten upon stimulation. 
D)  relatively few cells and a large amount of extracellular matrix. 
E)  the ability to transmit electrochemical impulses.

Question 19

The type of muscle tissue surrounding internal organs, other than the heart, is

Accepted Answer

A)  skeletal muscle. 
B)  cardiac muscle. 
C)  striated muscle. 
D)  intercalated cells. 
E)  smooth muscle. 
A)  skeletal muscle. 
B)  cardiac muscle. 
C)  striated muscle. 
D)  intercalated cells. 
E)  smooth muscle.

Question 20

The nourishment, insulation, and support for neurons is the result of activity by the

Accepted Answer

A)  smooth muscles. 
B)  adipose tissue. 
C)  endocrine system. 
D)  intercalated disks. 
E)  glial cells. 
A)  smooth muscles. 
B)  adipose tissue. 
C)  endocrine system. 
D)  intercalated disks. 
E)  glial cells.

Exam 32: Homeostasis and Endocrine Signaling

Iodine is added to table salt to help prevent deficiencies of an essential mineral needed for the proper function of the

All types of muscle tissue have

When stimulated by aldosterone, the reabsorption of Na+ is increased along

Positive feedback differs from negative feedback in that

The temperature-regulating center of vertebrate animals is located in the

All hormones

An exchange surface in direct contact with the external environment is found in the

African lungfish, which are often found in small stagnant pools of fresh water, produce urea as a nitrogenous waste. What is the advantage of this adaptation?

The thermoregulatory response of an overheated dog in a very hot environment is impaired if the response causes

In humans, the transport epithelial cells in the ascending loop of Henle

Within a normally functioning kidney, blood can be found in

Osmoregulatory adjustment via the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system can be triggered by

Prolactin stimulates mammary gland growth and development in mammals and regulates salt and water balance in freshwater fish. Many scientists think that this wide range of functions indicates that prolactin

The nitrogenous waste that requires the most energy to produce is

After blood flow is artificially reduced at one kidney, you would expect that kidney to secrete more of the hormone known as

The osmoregulatory/excretory system of an earthworm is based on the operation of

In animals, nitrogenous wastes are produced mostly from the catabolism of

Connective tissues typically have

The type of muscle tissue surrounding internal organs, other than the heart, is

The nourishment, insulation, and support for neurons is the result of activity by the

Introduction: Evolution and the Foundations of Biology

The Chemical Context of Life

Carbon and the Molecular Diversity of Life

A Tour of the Cell

Membrane Transport and Cell Signaling

An Introduction to Metabolism

Cellular Respiration and Fermentation

Photosynthesis

The Cell Cycle

Meiosis and Sexual Life Cycles

Mendel and the Gene Idea

The Chromosomal Basis of Inheritance

The Molecular Basis of Inheritance

Gene Expression: From Gene to Protein

Regulation of Gene Expression

Development, Stem Cells, and Cancer

Viruses

Genomes and Their Evolution

Descent With Modification

Phylogeny

The Evolution of Populations

The Origin of Species

Broad Patterns of Evolution

Early Life and the Diversification of Prokaryotes

The Origin and Diversification of Eukaryotes

The Colonization of Land by Plants and Fungi

The Rise of Animal Diversity

Plant Structure and Growth

Resource Acquisition, Nutrition, and Transport in Vascular Plants

Reproduction and Domestication of Flowering Plants

Plant Responses to Internal and External Signals

Animal Nutrition

Circulation and Gas Exchange

The Immune System

Reproduction and Development

Neurons, Synapses, and Signaling

Nervous and Sensory Systems

Motor Mechanisms and Behavior

Population Ecology and the Distribution of Organisms

Species Interactions

Ecosystems and Energy

Global Ecology and Conservation Biology

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