Question 1

An example of an organism that has only behavioral controls over its body temperature is the

Accepted Answer

A)  green frog. 
B)  penguin. 
C)  bluefin tuna. 
D)  house sparrow. 
E)  gray wolf. 
A)  green frog. 
B)  penguin. 
C)  bluefin tuna. 
D)  house sparrow. 
E)  gray wolf.

Question 2

The necropsy (postmortem analysis) of a freshwater fish that died after being placed accidentally in saltwater would likely show that

Accepted Answer

A)  loss of water by osmosis from cells in vital organs resulted in cell death and organ failure. 
B)  high amounts of salt had diffused into the fish's cells, causing them to swell and lyse. 
C)  the kidneys were not able to keep up with the water removal necessary in this hyperosmotic environment, creating an irrevocable loss of homeostasis. 
D)  the gills became encrusted with salt, resulting in inadequate gas exchange and a resulting asphyxiation. 
E)  brain cells lysed as a result of increased osmotic pressure in this hyperosmotic environment, leading to death by loss of autonomic function. 
A)  loss of water by osmosis from cells in vital organs resulted in cell death and organ failure. 
B)  high amounts of salt had diffused into the fish's cells, causing them to swell and lyse. 
C)  the kidneys were not able to keep up with the water removal necessary in this hyperosmotic environment, creating an irrevocable loss of homeostasis. 
D)  the gills became encrusted with salt, resulting in inadequate gas exchange and a resulting asphyxiation. 
E)  brain cells lysed as a result of increased osmotic pressure in this hyperosmotic environment, leading to death by loss of autonomic function.

Question 3

The filtrate in the proximal convoluted tubule of the human does not normally include

Accepted Answer

A)  ions. 
B)  glucose. 
C)  plasma proteins. 
D)  amino acids. 
E)  dissolved gasses. 
A)  ions. 
B)  glucose. 
C)  plasma proteins. 
D)  amino acids. 
E)  dissolved gasses.

Question 4

All skeletal muscle fibers are both

Accepted Answer

A)  smooth and under involuntary control. 
B)  smooth and operate independently of other skeletal muscle fibers. 
C)  striated and under voluntary control. 
D)  smooth and under voluntary control. 
E)  striated and electrically coupled to neighboring fibers. 
A)  smooth and under involuntary control. 
B)  smooth and operate independently of other skeletal muscle fibers. 
C)  striated and under voluntary control. 
D)  smooth and under voluntary control. 
E)  striated and electrically coupled to neighboring fibers.

Question 5

Fight-or-flight reactions include activation of

Accepted Answer

A)  the parathyroid glands, leading to increased metabolic rate. 
B)  the thyroid gland, leading to an increase in the blood calcium concentration. 
C)  the anterior pituitary gland, leading to cessation of gonadal function. 
D)  the adrenal medulla, leading to increased secretion of epinephrine. 
E)  the pancreas, leading to a reduction in the blood sugar concentration. 
A)  the parathyroid glands, leading to increased metabolic rate. 
B)  the thyroid gland, leading to an increase in the blood calcium concentration. 
C)  the anterior pituitary gland, leading to cessation of gonadal function. 
D)  the adrenal medulla, leading to increased secretion of epinephrine. 
E)  the pancreas, leading to a reduction in the blood sugar concentration.

Question 6

A cell with membrane-bound proteins that selectively bind a specific hormone is called that hormone's

Accepted Answer

A)  secretory cell. 
B)  plasma cell. 
C)  endocrine cell. 
D)  target cell. 
E)  regulatory cell. 
A)  secretory cell. 
B)  plasma cell. 
C)  endocrine cell. 
D)  target cell. 
E)  regulatory cell.

Question 7

If you gently twist your earlobe, it does not remain distorted because it contains

Accepted Answer

A)  collagenous fibers. 
B)  elastic fibers. 
C)  reticular fibers. 
D)  adipose tissue. 
E)  loose connective tissue. 
A)  collagenous fibers. 
B)  elastic fibers. 
C)  reticular fibers. 
D)  adipose tissue. 
E)  loose connective tissue.

Question 8

The interrelationships between the endocrine and the nervous systems are especially apparent in

Accepted Answer

A)  a neuron in the spinal cord. 
B)  a steroid-producing cell in the adrenal cortex. 
C)  a neurosecretory cell in the hypothalamus. 
D)  a brain cell in the cerebral cortex. 
E)  a cell in the pancreas that produces digestive enzymes. 
A)  a neuron in the spinal cord. 
B)  a steroid-producing cell in the adrenal cortex. 
C)  a neurosecretory cell in the hypothalamus. 
D)  a brain cell in the cerebral cortex. 
E)  a cell in the pancreas that produces digestive enzymes.

Question 9

After drinking alcoholic beverages, increased urine excretion is the result of

Accepted Answer

A)  increased aldosterone production. 
B)  increased blood pressure. 
C)  inhibited secretion of antidiuretic hormone (ADH). 
D)  increased reabsorption of water in the proximal tubule. 
E)  the osmoregulator cells of the brain increasing their activity. 
A)  increased aldosterone production. 
B)  increased blood pressure. 
C)  inhibited secretion of antidiuretic hormone (ADH). 
D)  increased reabsorption of water in the proximal tubule. 
E)  the osmoregulator cells of the brain increasing their activity.

Question 10

Different body cells can respond differently to the same peptide hormones because

Accepted Answer

A)  different target cells have different sets of genes. 
B)  each cell converts that hormone to a different metabolite. 
C)  a target cell's response is determined by the components of its signal transduction pathways. 
D)  the circulatory system regulates responses to hormones by routing the hormones to specific targets. 
E)  the hormone is chemically altered in different ways as it travels through the circulatory system. 
A)  different target cells have different sets of genes. 
B)  each cell converts that hormone to a different metabolite. 
C)  a target cell's response is determined by the components of its signal transduction pathways. 
D)  the circulatory system regulates responses to hormones by routing the hormones to specific targets. 
E)  the hormone is chemically altered in different ways as it travels through the circulatory system.

Question 11

Oxytocin and antidiuretic hormone are synthesized in the

Accepted Answer

A)  hypothalamus. 
B)  adenohypophysis. 
C)  anterior pituitary. 
D)  adrenal cortex. 
E)  posterior pituitary. 
A)  hypothalamus. 
B)  adenohypophysis. 
C)  anterior pituitary. 
D)  adrenal cortex. 
E)  posterior pituitary.

Question 12

The osmoregulatory/excretory system of an insect is based on the operation of

Accepted Answer

A)  protonephridia. 
B)  metanephridia. 
C)  Malpighian tubules. 
D)  nephrons. 
E)  ananephredia. 
A)  protonephridia. 
B)  metanephridia. 
C)  Malpighian tubules. 
D)  nephrons. 
E)  ananephredia.

Question 13

Tissues are composed of cells, and tissues functioning together make up

Accepted Answer

A)  organs. 
B)  membranes. 
C)  organ systems. 
D)  organelles. 
E)  organisms. 
A)  organs. 
B)  membranes. 
C)  organ systems. 
D)  organelles. 
E)  organisms.

Question 14

The filtrate in the renal pelvis enters directly from

Accepted Answer

A)  the loop of Henle. 
B)  the collecting duct. 
C)  Bowman's capsule. 
D)  the proximal tubule. 
E)  the glomerulus. 
A)  the loop of Henle. 
B)  the collecting duct. 
C)  Bowman's capsule. 
D)  the proximal tubule. 
E)  the glomerulus.

Question 15

For hormones that homeostatically regulate cellular functions,

Accepted Answer

A)  negative feedback typically regulates hormone secretion. 
B)  the circulating level of a hormone is held constant through a series of positive feedback loops. 
C)  both lipid-soluble hormones and water-soluble hormones bind to intracellular protein receptors. 
D)  endocrine organs release their contents into the bloodstream via specialized ducts. 
E)  it is impossible to also have neural regulation of that system. 
A)  negative feedback typically regulates hormone secretion. 
B)  the circulating level of a hormone is held constant through a series of positive feedback loops. 
C)  both lipid-soluble hormones and water-soluble hormones bind to intracellular protein receptors. 
D)  endocrine organs release their contents into the bloodstream via specialized ducts. 
E)  it is impossible to also have neural regulation of that system.

Question 16

Most of the exchange surfaces of multicellular animals are lined with

Accepted Answer

A)  connective tissue. 
B)  smooth muscle cells. 
C)  neural tissue. 
D)  epithelial tissue. 
E)  adipose tissue. 
A)  connective tissue. 
B)  smooth muscle cells. 
C)  neural tissue. 
D)  epithelial tissue. 
E)  adipose tissue.

Question 17

Interstitial fluid is

Accepted Answer

A)  the fluid inside the gastrovascular cavity of Hydra. 
B)  the internal environment inside animal cells. 
C)  identical to the composition of blood. 
D)  the route for the exchange of materials between blood and body cells. 
E)  found only in the lumen of the small intestine. 
A)  the fluid inside the gastrovascular cavity of Hydra. 
B)  the internal environment inside animal cells. 
C)  identical to the composition of blood. 
D)  the route for the exchange of materials between blood and body cells. 
E)  found only in the lumen of the small intestine.

Question 18

Seasonal changes in snake activity are due to the fact that the snake

Accepted Answer

A)  is less active in winter because the food supply is decreased. 
B)  is less active in winter because it does not need to avoid predators. 
C)  is more active in summer because that is the period for mating. 
D)  is more active in summer because it can gain body heat by conduction. 
E)  is more active in summer as a result of being disturbed by other animals. 
A)  is less active in winter because the food supply is decreased. 
B)  is less active in winter because it does not need to avoid predators. 
C)  is more active in summer because that is the period for mating. 
D)  is more active in summer because it can gain body heat by conduction. 
E)  is more active in summer as a result of being disturbed by other animals.

Question 19

Among vertebrate animals, urea

Accepted Answer

A)  is made in the kidneys and immediately excreted. 
B)  is added to the air in the lungs to be exhaled, along with carbon dioxide. 
C)  is made in the liver by combining two ammonia molecules with one carbon dioxide. 
D)  is made in the pancreas and added to the intestinal contents, along with bile salts, for excretion. 
E)  is rarely the nitrogenous waste of choice. 
A)  is made in the kidneys and immediately excreted. 
B)  is added to the air in the lungs to be exhaled, along with carbon dioxide. 
C)  is made in the liver by combining two ammonia molecules with one carbon dioxide. 
D)  is made in the pancreas and added to the intestinal contents, along with bile salts, for excretion. 
E)  is rarely the nitrogenous waste of choice.

Question 20

Fibroblasts secrete

Accepted Answer

A)  fats. 
B)  chondroitin sulfate. 
C)  interstitial fluids. 
D)  calcium phosphate for bone. 
E)  proteins for connective fibers. 
A)  fats. 
B)  chondroitin sulfate. 
C)  interstitial fluids. 
D)  calcium phosphate for bone. 
E)  proteins for connective fibers.

Exam 32: Homeostasis and Endocrine Signaling

An example of an organism that has only behavioral controls over its body temperature is the

The necropsy (postmortem analysis) of a freshwater fish that died after being placed accidentally in saltwater would likely show that

The filtrate in the proximal convoluted tubule of the human does not normally include

All skeletal muscle fibers are both

Fight-or-flight reactions include activation of

A cell with membrane-bound proteins that selectively bind a specific hormone is called that hormone's

If you gently twist your earlobe, it does not remain distorted because it contains

The interrelationships between the endocrine and the nervous systems are especially apparent in

After drinking alcoholic beverages, increased urine excretion is the result of

Different body cells can respond differently to the same peptide hormones because

Oxytocin and antidiuretic hormone are synthesized in the

The osmoregulatory/excretory system of an insect is based on the operation of

Tissues are composed of cells, and tissues functioning together make up

The filtrate in the renal pelvis enters directly from

For hormones that homeostatically regulate cellular functions,

Most of the exchange surfaces of multicellular animals are lined with

Interstitial fluid is

Seasonal changes in snake activity are due to the fact that the snake

Among vertebrate animals, urea

Fibroblasts secrete

Introduction: Evolution and the Foundations of Biology

The Chemical Context of Life

Carbon and the Molecular Diversity of Life

A Tour of the Cell

Membrane Transport and Cell Signaling

An Introduction to Metabolism

Cellular Respiration and Fermentation

Photosynthesis

The Cell Cycle

Meiosis and Sexual Life Cycles

Mendel and the Gene Idea

The Chromosomal Basis of Inheritance

The Molecular Basis of Inheritance

Gene Expression: From Gene to Protein

Regulation of Gene Expression

Development, Stem Cells, and Cancer

Viruses

Genomes and Their Evolution

Descent With Modification

Phylogeny

The Evolution of Populations

The Origin of Species

Broad Patterns of Evolution

Early Life and the Diversification of Prokaryotes

The Origin and Diversification of Eukaryotes

The Colonization of Land by Plants and Fungi

The Rise of Animal Diversity

Plant Structure and Growth

Resource Acquisition, Nutrition, and Transport in Vascular Plants

Reproduction and Domestication of Flowering Plants

Plant Responses to Internal and External Signals

Animal Nutrition

Circulation and Gas Exchange

The Immune System

Reproduction and Development

Neurons, Synapses, and Signaling

Nervous and Sensory Systems

Motor Mechanisms and Behavior

Population Ecology and the Distribution of Organisms

Species Interactions

Ecosystems and Energy

Global Ecology and Conservation Biology

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