Question 1

Urea is

Accepted Answer

A)  insoluble in water. 
B)  more toxic to human cells than ammonia. 
C)  the primary nitrogenous waste product of humans. 
D)  the primary nitrogenous waste product of most birds. 
E)  the primary nitrogenous waste product of most aquatic invertebrates. 
A)  insoluble in water. 
B)  more toxic to human cells than ammonia. 
C)  the primary nitrogenous waste product of humans. 
D)  the primary nitrogenous waste product of most birds. 
E)  the primary nitrogenous waste product of most aquatic invertebrates.

Question 2

Which of the following is an accurate statement about thermoregulation?

Accepted Answer

A)  Endotherms are regulators and ectotherms are conformers. 
B)  Endotherms maintain a constant body temperature and ectotherms do not. 
C)  Endotherms are warm-blooded and ectotherms are cold-blooded. 
D)  Endotherms and ectotherms differ in their primary source of heat for thermoregulation. 
E)  Endothermy has a lower energy cost than ectothermy. 
A)  Endotherms are regulators and ectotherms are conformers. 
B)  Endotherms maintain a constant body temperature and ectotherms do not. 
C)  Endotherms are warm-blooded and ectotherms are cold-blooded. 
D)  Endotherms and ectotherms differ in their primary source of heat for thermoregulation. 
E)  Endothermy has a lower energy cost than ectothermy.

Question 3

Food moves along the digestive tract as the result of contractions by

Accepted Answer

A)  cardiac muscle. 
B)  smooth muscle. 
C)  voluntary muscle. 
D)  striated muscle. 
E)  skeletal muscle. 
A)  cardiac muscle. 
B)  smooth muscle. 
C)  voluntary muscle. 
D)  striated muscle. 
E)  skeletal muscle.

Question 4

The fluid with the highest osmolarity is

Accepted Answer

A)  distilled water. 
B)  plasma in birds. 
C)  plasma in mammals. 
D)  seawater in a tidal pool. 
E)  estuarine water. 
A)  distilled water. 
B)  plasma in birds. 
C)  plasma in mammals. 
D)  seawater in a tidal pool. 
E)  estuarine water.

Question 5

Ammonia

Accepted Answer

A)  is soluble in water. 
B)  can be stored in the body as a precipitate. 
C)  has low toxicity relative to urea. 
D)  is metabolically more expensive to synthesize than urea. 
E)  is the major nitrogenous waste excreted by insects. 
A)  is soluble in water. 
B)  can be stored in the body as a precipitate. 
C)  has low toxicity relative to urea. 
D)  is metabolically more expensive to synthesize than urea. 
E)  is the major nitrogenous waste excreted by insects.

Question 6

The osmoregulatory/excretory system of a freshwater flatworm is based on the operation of

Accepted Answer

A)  protonephridia. 
B)  metanephridia. 
C)  Malpighian tubules. 
D)  nephrons. 
E)  ananephredia. 
A)  protonephridia. 
B)  metanephridia. 
C)  Malpighian tubules. 
D)  nephrons. 
E)  ananephredia.

Question 7

Abnormally reduced somatic growth (dwarfism) can be a consequence of decreased hormone secretion from the

Accepted Answer

A)  kidneys. 
B)  pancreas. 
C)  adrenal gland. 
D)  posterior pituitary gland. 
E)  anterior pituitary gland. 
A)  kidneys. 
B)  pancreas. 
C)  adrenal gland. 
D)  posterior pituitary gland. 
E)  anterior pituitary gland.

Question 8

An example of a properly functioning homeostatic control system is seen when

Accepted Answer

A)  the core body temperature of a runner rises gradually from 37°C to 45°C. 
B)  the kidneys excrete salt into the urine when dietary salt levels rise. 
C)  a blood cell shrinks when placed in a solution of salt and water. 
D)  the blood pressure increases in response to an increase in blood volume. 
E)  the level of glucose in the blood is abnormally high whether or not a meal has been eaten. 
A)  the core body temperature of a runner rises gradually from 37°C to 45°C. 
B)  the kidneys excrete salt into the urine when dietary salt levels rise. 
C)  a blood cell shrinks when placed in a solution of salt and water. 
D)  the blood pressure increases in response to an increase in blood volume. 
E)  the level of glucose in the blood is abnormally high whether or not a meal has been eaten.

Question 9

Freshwater flatworms form urine that is typically

Accepted Answer

A)  of high solute concentration in order to conserve body fluids. 
B)  of very low volume in order to conserve body fluids. 
C)  of high solute concentration and very low volume in order to conserve body fluids. 
D)  of high solute concentration and high volume, similar to their normal fluid uptake. 
E)  of low solute concentration and high volume, similar to their normal fluid uptake. 
A)  of high solute concentration in order to conserve body fluids. 
B)  of very low volume in order to conserve body fluids. 
C)  of high solute concentration and very low volume in order to conserve body fluids. 
D)  of high solute concentration and high volume, similar to their normal fluid uptake. 
E)  of low solute concentration and high volume, similar to their normal fluid uptake.

Question 10

Figure 32.1
-Examine Figure 32.1. Near a goose's abdomen, the countercurrent arrangement of the arterial and venous blood vessels causes

Accepted Answer

A)  the temperature difference between the contents of the two sets of vessels to be minimized. 
B)  the venous blood to be as cold near the abdomen as it is near the feet. 
C)  the blood in the feet to be as warm as the blood in the abdomen. 
D)  the temperature at the abdomen to be less than the temperature at the feet. 
E)  the loss of the maximum possible amount of heat to the environment. 
A)  the temperature difference between the contents of the two sets of vessels to be minimized. 
B)  the venous blood to be as cold near the abdomen as it is near the feet. 
C)  the blood in the feet to be as warm as the blood in the abdomen. 
D)  the temperature at the abdomen to be less than the temperature at the feet. 
E)  the loss of the maximum possible amount of heat to the environment.

Question 11

Juxtamedullary nephrons can concentrate salt effectively in the renal medulla because of their long

Accepted Answer

A)  loops of Henle. 
B)  distal convoluted tubules. 
C)  Bowman's capsules. 
D)  proximal convoluted tubules. 
E)  glomeruli. 
A)  loops of Henle. 
B)  distal convoluted tubules. 
C)  Bowman's capsules. 
D)  proximal convoluted tubules. 
E)  glomeruli.

Question 12

Which nitrogenous waste has the greatest number of nitrogen atoms?

Accepted Answer

A)  ammonia 
B)  ammonium ions 
C)  urea 
D)  uric acid 
A)  ammonia 
B)  ammonium ions 
C)  urea 
D)  uric acid

Question 13

Panting by an overheated dog achieves cooling by

Accepted Answer

A)  acclimatization. 
B)  torpor. 
C)  evaporation. 
D)  nonshivering thermogenesis. 
E)  shivering thermogenesis. 
A)  acclimatization. 
B)  torpor. 
C)  evaporation. 
D)  nonshivering thermogenesis. 
E)  shivering thermogenesis.

Question 14

The osmoregulatory process called secretion refers to the

Accepted Answer

A)  formation of filtrate at an excretory structure. 
B)  reabsorption of nutrients from a filtrate. 
C)  selective elimination of excess ions and toxins from body fluids. 
D)  formation of an osmotic gradient along an excretory structure. 
E)  expulsion of urine from the body. 
A)  formation of filtrate at an excretory structure. 
B)  reabsorption of nutrients from a filtrate. 
C)  selective elimination of excess ions and toxins from body fluids. 
D)  formation of an osmotic gradient along an excretory structure. 
E)  expulsion of urine from the body.

Question 15

Penguins, seals, and tuna have body forms that permit rapid swimming, because

Accepted Answer

A)  all share a common ancestor at some point in the past. 
B)  all of their bodies have been compressed since birth by intensive underwater pressures. 
C)  flying, pregnancy, and gill-breathing all require similar adaptations in form. 
D)  the shape is a convergent evolutionary solution to the need to reduce drag while swimming. 
E)  this is the only shape that will allow them to maintain a constant body temperature in water. 
A)  all share a common ancestor at some point in the past. 
B)  all of their bodies have been compressed since birth by intensive underwater pressures. 
C)  flying, pregnancy, and gill-breathing all require similar adaptations in form. 
D)  the shape is a convergent evolutionary solution to the need to reduce drag while swimming. 
E)  this is the only shape that will allow them to maintain a constant body temperature in water.

Question 16

An example of a connective tissue is the

Accepted Answer

A)  skin. 
B)  nerves. 
C)  blood. 
D)  cuboidal epithelium. 
E)  smooth muscles. 
A)  skin. 
B)  nerves. 
C)  blood. 
D)  cuboidal epithelium. 
E)  smooth muscles.

Question 17

A necropsy (postmortem analysis) of a marine sea star that died after it was mistakenly placed in fresh water would likely show that it died because

Accepted Answer

A)  it was stressed and needed more time to acclimate to the new conditions. 
B)  it was so hyperosmotic to the fresh water that it could not osmoregulate. 
C)  the sea star's kidneys could not handle the change in ionic content presented by the fresh water. 
D)  its contractile vacuoles ruptured. 
E)  its cells dehydrated and lost the ability to metabolize. 
A)  it was stressed and needed more time to acclimate to the new conditions. 
B)  it was so hyperosmotic to the fresh water that it could not osmoregulate. 
C)  the sea star's kidneys could not handle the change in ionic content presented by the fresh water. 
D)  its contractile vacuoles ruptured. 
E)  its cells dehydrated and lost the ability to metabolize.

Question 18

The endocrine glands include the

Accepted Answer

A)  parathyroid glands. 
B)  salivary glands. 
C)  sweat glands. 
D)  sebaceous glands. 
E)  gallbladder. 
A)  parathyroid glands. 
B)  salivary glands. 
C)  sweat glands. 
D)  sebaceous glands. 
E)  gallbladder.

Question 19

Humans can lose, but cannot gain, heat through the process of

Accepted Answer

A)  conduction. 
B)  convection. 
C)  radiation. 
D)  evaporation. 
E)  metabolism. 
A)  conduction. 
B)  convection. 
C)  radiation. 
D)  evaporation. 
E)  metabolism.

Question 20

Which of the following has (have) both endocrine and exocrine activity?

Accepted Answer

A)  the pituitary gland 
B)  parathyroid glands 
C)  salivary glands 
D)  the pancreas 
E)  adrenal glands 
A)  the pituitary gland 
B)  parathyroid glands 
C)  salivary glands 
D)  the pancreas 
E)  adrenal glands

Exam 32: Homeostasis and Endocrine Signaling

Urea is

Which of the following is an accurate statement about thermoregulation?

Food moves along the digestive tract as the result of contractions by

The fluid with the highest osmolarity is

Ammonia

The osmoregulatory/excretory system of a freshwater flatworm is based on the operation of

Abnormally reduced somatic growth (dwarfism) can be a consequence of decreased hormone secretion from the

An example of a properly functioning homeostatic control system is seen when

Freshwater flatworms form urine that is typically

Figure 32.1 -Examine Figure 32.1. Near a goose's abdomen, the countercurrent arrangement of the arterial and venous blood vessels causes

Juxtamedullary nephrons can concentrate salt effectively in the renal medulla because of their long

Which nitrogenous waste has the greatest number of nitrogen atoms?

Panting by an overheated dog achieves cooling by

The osmoregulatory process called secretion refers to the

Penguins, seals, and tuna have body forms that permit rapid swimming, because

An example of a connective tissue is the

A necropsy (postmortem analysis) of a marine sea star that died after it was mistakenly placed in fresh water would likely show that it died because

The endocrine glands include the

Humans can lose, but cannot gain, heat through the process of

Which of the following has (have) both endocrine and exocrine activity?

Introduction: Evolution and the Foundations of Biology

The Chemical Context of Life

Carbon and the Molecular Diversity of Life

A Tour of the Cell

Membrane Transport and Cell Signaling

An Introduction to Metabolism

Cellular Respiration and Fermentation

Photosynthesis

The Cell Cycle

Meiosis and Sexual Life Cycles

Mendel and the Gene Idea

The Chromosomal Basis of Inheritance

The Molecular Basis of Inheritance

Gene Expression: From Gene to Protein

Regulation of Gene Expression

Development, Stem Cells, and Cancer

Viruses

Genomes and Their Evolution

Descent With Modification

Phylogeny

The Evolution of Populations

The Origin of Species

Broad Patterns of Evolution

Early Life and the Diversification of Prokaryotes

The Origin and Diversification of Eukaryotes

The Colonization of Land by Plants and Fungi

The Rise of Animal Diversity

Plant Structure and Growth

Resource Acquisition, Nutrition, and Transport in Vascular Plants

Reproduction and Domestication of Flowering Plants

Plant Responses to Internal and External Signals

Animal Nutrition

Circulation and Gas Exchange

The Immune System

Reproduction and Development

Neurons, Synapses, and Signaling

Nervous and Sensory Systems

Motor Mechanisms and Behavior

Population Ecology and the Distribution of Organisms

Species Interactions

Ecosystems and Energy

Global Ecology and Conservation Biology

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