Question 1

Figure 3.5
-Which molecule(s) shown in Figure 3.5 is (are) ionized in a cell?

Accepted Answer

A)  A 
B)  B and D 
C)  D and E 
D)  D 
E)  E 
A)  A 
B)  B and D 
C)  D and E 
D)  D 
E)  E

Question 2

Figure 3.6
-Which molecule shown in Figure 3.6 can function as a base?

Accepted Answer

A)  A 
B)  B 
C)  C 
D)  D 
E)  E 
A)  A 
B)  B 
C)  C 
D)  D 
E)  E

Question 3

Humans can digest starch but not cellulose because

Accepted Answer

A)  the monomer of starch is glucose, whereas the monomer of cellulose is galactose. 
B)  humans have enzymes that can hydrolyze the β glycosidic linkages of starch but not the α glycosidic linkages of cellulose. 
C)  humans have enzymes that can hydrolyze the α glycosidic linkages of starch but not the β glycosidic linkages of cellulose. 
D)  humans harbor starch-digesting bacteria in the digestive tract. 
E)  the monomer of starch is glucose, whereas the monomer of cellulose is glucose with a nitrogen-containing group. 
A)  the monomer of starch is glucose, whereas the monomer of cellulose is galactose. 
B)  humans have enzymes that can hydrolyze the β glycosidic linkages of starch but not the α glycosidic linkages of cellulose. 
C)  humans have enzymes that can hydrolyze the α glycosidic linkages of starch but not the β glycosidic linkages of cellulose. 
D)  humans harbor starch-digesting bacteria in the digestive tract. 
E)  the monomer of starch is glucose, whereas the monomer of cellulose is glucose with a nitrogen-containing group.

Question 4

Refer to Figure 3.12 to answer the following questions.
   Figure 3.12
-Which bond is a peptide bond?

Accepted Answer

A)  A 
B)  B 
C)  C 
D)  D 
E)  E 
A)  A 
B)  B 
C)  C 
D)  D 
E)  E

Question 5

Which functional group is not present in this molecule?

Accepted Answer

A)  carboxyl 
B)  sulfhydryl 
C)  hydroxyl 
D)  amino 
A)  carboxyl 
B)  sulfhydryl 
C)  hydroxyl 
D)  amino

Question 6

Which of the following polymers contain nitrogen?

Accepted Answer

A)  starch 
B)  glycogen 
C)  cellulose 
D)  chitin 
E)  amylopectin 
A)  starch 
B)  glycogen 
C)  cellulose 
D)  chitin 
E)  amylopectin

Question 7

Changing a single amino acid in a protein consisting of 325 amino acids would

Accepted Answer

A)  alter the primary structure of the protein but not its tertiary structure or function. 
B)  cause the tertiary structure of the protein to unfold. 
C)  always alter the biological activity or function of the protein. 
D)  always alter the primary structure of the protein and disrupt its biological activity. 
E)  always alter the primary structure of the protein, sometimes alter the tertiary structure of the protein, and sometimes affect its biological activity. 
A)  alter the primary structure of the protein but not its tertiary structure or function. 
B)  cause the tertiary structure of the protein to unfold. 
C)  always alter the biological activity or function of the protein. 
D)  always alter the primary structure of the protein and disrupt its biological activity. 
E)  always alter the primary structure of the protein, sometimes alter the tertiary structure of the protein, and sometimes affect its biological activity.

Question 8

Which of the following descriptions best fits the class of molecules known as nucleotides?

Accepted Answer

A)  a nitrogenous base and a phosphate group 
B)  a nitrogenous base and a pentose sugar 
C)  a nitrogenous base, a phosphate group, and a pentose sugar 
D)  a phosphate group and an adenine or uracil 
E)  a pentose sugar and a purine or pyrimidine 
A)  a nitrogenous base and a phosphate group 
B)  a nitrogenous base and a pentose sugar 
C)  a nitrogenous base, a phosphate group, and a pentose sugar 
D)  a phosphate group and an adenine or uracil 
E)  a pentose sugar and a purine or pyrimidine

Question 9

Figure 3.4
-Which of the groups in Figure 3.4 is a carboxyl functional group?

Accepted Answer

A)  A 
B)  B 
C)  C 
D)  D 
E)  E 
A)  A 
B)  B 
C)  C 
D)  D 
E)  E

Question 10

In a normal cellular protein, where would you expect to find a hydrophobic amino acid such as valine?

Accepted Answer

A)  in the interior of the folded protein, away from water 
B)  on the exterior surface of the protein, interacting with water 
C)  in the transmembrane portion interacting with lipid fatty acid chains 
D)  in the interior of the folded protein, away from water, or in a transmembrane portion interacting with lipid fatty acid chains 
E)  anywhere in the protein, with equal probability 
A)  in the interior of the folded protein, away from water 
B)  on the exterior surface of the protein, interacting with water 
C)  in the transmembrane portion interacting with lipid fatty acid chains 
D)  in the interior of the folded protein, away from water, or in a transmembrane portion interacting with lipid fatty acid chains 
E)  anywhere in the protein, with equal probability

Question 11

If cells are grown in a medium containing radioactive 15N, which of these molecules will be labeled?

Accepted Answer

A)  fatty acids only 
B)  nucleic acids only 
C)  proteins only 
D)  both fatty acids and proteins 
E)  both proteins and nucleic acids 
A)  fatty acids only 
B)  nucleic acids only 
C)  proteins only 
D)  both fatty acids and proteins 
E)  both proteins and nucleic acids

Question 12

Which of the following are nitrogenous bases of the pyrimidine type?

Accepted Answer

A)  guanine and adenine 
B)  cytosine and uracil 
C)  thymine and guanine 
D)  ribose and deoxyribose 
E)  adenine and thymine 
A)  guanine and adenine 
B)  cytosine and uracil 
C)  thymine and guanine 
D)  ribose and deoxyribose 
E)  adenine and thymine

Question 13

Figure 3.3
-Which of the structures illustrated in Figure 3.3 contain(s) a carbonyl functional group?

Accepted Answer

A)  A 
B)  C and D 
C)  C 
D)  D 
E)  C and E 
A)  A 
B)  C and D 
C)  C 
D)  D 
E)  C and E

Question 14

Figure 3.8
-Which of the following statements is true regarding the molecule illustrated in Figure 3.8?

Accepted Answer

A)  It is a saturated fatty acid. 
B)  A diet rich in this molecule may contribute to atherosclerosis. 
C)  Molecules of this type are usually liquid at room temperature. 
D)  It is a saturated fatty acid, and a diet rich in this molecule may contribute to atherosclerosis. 
E)  It is a saturated fatty acid, a diet rich in this molecule may contribute to atherosclerosis, and molecules of this type are usually liquid at room temperature. 
A)  It is a saturated fatty acid. 
B)  A diet rich in this molecule may contribute to atherosclerosis. 
C)  Molecules of this type are usually liquid at room temperature. 
D)  It is a saturated fatty acid, and a diet rich in this molecule may contribute to atherosclerosis. 
E)  It is a saturated fatty acid, a diet rich in this molecule may contribute to atherosclerosis, and molecules of this type are usually liquid at room temperature.

Question 15

Which of the following are nitrogenous bases of the purine type?

Accepted Answer

A)  cytosine and guanine 
B)  guanine and adenine 
C)  adenine and thymine 
D)  thymine and uracil 
E)  uracil and cytosine 
A)  cytosine and guanine 
B)  guanine and adenine 
C)  adenine and thymine 
D)  thymine and uracil 
E)  uracil and cytosine

Question 16

Figure 3.4
-Which functional group shown in Figure 3.4 is characteristic of alcohols?

Accepted Answer

A)  A 
B)  B 
C)  C 
D)  D 
E)  E 
A)  A 
B)  B 
C)  C 
D)  D 
E)  E

Question 17

The difference between the sugar in DNA and the sugar in RNA is that the sugar in DNA

Accepted Answer

A)  is a six-carbon sugar and the sugar in RNA is a five-carbon sugar. 
B)  can form a double-stranded molecule. 
C)  is an aldehyde sugar and the sugar in the RNA is a keto sugar. 
D)  is in the α configuration and the sugar in RNA is in the β configuration. 
E)  contains one less oxygen atom. 
A)  is a six-carbon sugar and the sugar in RNA is a five-carbon sugar. 
B)  can form a double-stranded molecule. 
C)  is an aldehyde sugar and the sugar in the RNA is a keto sugar. 
D)  is in the α configuration and the sugar in RNA is in the β configuration. 
E)  contains one less oxygen atom.

Question 18

Figure 3.11
-Which of the following statements is true regarding the chemical reaction illustrated in Figure 3.11?

Accepted Answer

A)  It is a hydrolysis reaction. 
B)  It results in a peptide bond. 
C)  It joins two fatty acids together. 
D)  It is a hydrolysis reaction and it results in a peptide bond. 
E)  It is a hydrolysis reaction, it results in a peptide bond, and it joins two fatty acids together. 
A)  It is a hydrolysis reaction. 
B)  It results in a peptide bond. 
C)  It joins two fatty acids together. 
D)  It is a hydrolysis reaction and it results in a peptide bond. 
E)  It is a hydrolysis reaction, it results in a peptide bond, and it joins two fatty acids together.

Question 19

Which of the following is an example of hydrolysis?

Accepted Answer

A)  the reaction of two monosaccharides, forming a disaccharide with the release of water 
B)  the synthesis of two amino acids, forming a peptide with the release of water 
C)  the reaction of a fat, forming glycerol and fatty acids with the release of water 
D)  the reaction of a fat, forming glycerol and fatty acids with the consumption of water 
E)  the synthesis of a nucleotide from a phosphate, a pentose sugar, and a nitrogenous base with the production of a molecule of water 
A)  the reaction of two monosaccharides, forming a disaccharide with the release of water 
B)  the synthesis of two amino acids, forming a peptide with the release of water 
C)  the reaction of a fat, forming glycerol and fatty acids with the release of water 
D)  the reaction of a fat, forming glycerol and fatty acids with the consumption of water 
E)  the synthesis of a nucleotide from a phosphate, a pentose sugar, and a nitrogenous base with the production of a molecule of water

Question 20

Figure 3.4
-Which of the groups shown in Figure 3.4 is a carbonyl functional group?

Accepted Answer

A)  A 
B)  B 
C)  C 
D)  D 
E)  E 
A)  A 
B)  B 
C)  C 
D)  D 
E)  E

Exam 3: Carbon and the Molecular Diversity of Life

Figure 3.5 -Which molecule(s) shown in Figure 3.5 is (are) ionized in a cell?

Figure 3.6 -Which molecule shown in Figure 3.6 can function as a base?

Humans can digest starch but not cellulose because

Refer to Figure 3.12 to answer the following questions. Figure 3.12 -Which bond is a peptide bond?

Which functional group is not present in this molecule?

Which of the following polymers contain nitrogen?

Changing a single amino acid in a protein consisting of 325 amino acids would

Which of the following descriptions best fits the class of molecules known as nucleotides?

Figure 3.4 -Which of the groups in Figure 3.4 is a carboxyl functional group?

In a normal cellular protein, where would you expect to find a hydrophobic amino acid such as valine?

If cells are grown in a medium containing radioactive 15N, which of these molecules will be labeled?

Which of the following are nitrogenous bases of the pyrimidine type?

Figure 3.3 -Which of the structures illustrated in Figure 3.3 contain(s) a carbonyl functional group?

Figure 3.8 -Which of the following statements is true regarding the molecule illustrated in Figure 3.8?

Which of the following are nitrogenous bases of the purine type?

Figure 3.4 -Which functional group shown in Figure 3.4 is characteristic of alcohols?

The difference between the sugar in DNA and the sugar in RNA is that the sugar in DNA

Figure 3.11 -Which of the following statements is true regarding the chemical reaction illustrated in Figure 3.11?

Which of the following is an example of hydrolysis?

Figure 3.4 -Which of the groups shown in Figure 3.4 is a carbonyl functional group?

Introduction: Evolution and the Foundations of Biology

The Chemical Context of Life

A Tour of the Cell

Membrane Transport and Cell Signaling

An Introduction to Metabolism

Cellular Respiration and Fermentation

Photosynthesis

The Cell Cycle

Meiosis and Sexual Life Cycles

Mendel and the Gene Idea

The Chromosomal Basis of Inheritance

The Molecular Basis of Inheritance

Gene Expression: From Gene to Protein

Regulation of Gene Expression

Development, Stem Cells, and Cancer

Viruses

Genomes and Their Evolution

Descent With Modification

Phylogeny

The Evolution of Populations

The Origin of Species

Broad Patterns of Evolution

Early Life and the Diversification of Prokaryotes

The Origin and Diversification of Eukaryotes

The Colonization of Land by Plants and Fungi

The Rise of Animal Diversity

Plant Structure and Growth

Resource Acquisition, Nutrition, and Transport in Vascular Plants

Reproduction and Domestication of Flowering Plants

Plant Responses to Internal and External Signals

Homeostasis and Endocrine Signaling

Animal Nutrition

Circulation and Gas Exchange

The Immune System

Reproduction and Development

Neurons, Synapses, and Signaling

Nervous and Sensory Systems

Motor Mechanisms and Behavior

Population Ecology and the Distribution of Organisms

Species Interactions

Ecosystems and Energy

Global Ecology and Conservation Biology

Filters