Question 1

Figure 3.6
-Which molecule shown in Figure 3.6 contains a functional group that cells use to transfer energy between organic molecules?

Accepted Answer

A)  A 
B)  B 
C)  C 
D)  D 
E)  E 
A)  A 
B)  B 
C)  C 
D)  D 
E)  E

Question 2

The bonding of two amino acid molecules to form a larger molecule requires

Accepted Answer

A)  the release of a water molecule. 
B)  the release of a carbon dioxide molecule. 
C)  the addition of a nitrogen atom. 
D)  the addition of a water molecule. 
E)  the release of a nitrous oxide molecule. 
A)  the release of a water molecule. 
B)  the release of a carbon dioxide molecule. 
C)  the addition of a nitrogen atom. 
D)  the addition of a water molecule. 
E)  the release of a nitrous oxide molecule.

Question 3

DNAase is an enzyme that catalyzes the hydrolysis of the covalent bonds that join nucleotides together. What would first happen to DNA molecules treated with DNAase?

Accepted Answer

A)  The two strands of the double helix would separate. 
B)  The phosphodiester bonds between deoxyribose sugars would be broken. 
C)  The purines would be separated from the deoxyribose sugars. 
D)  The pyrimidines would be separated from the deoxyribose sugars. 
E)  All bases would be separated from the deoxyribose sugars. 
A)  The two strands of the double helix would separate. 
B)  The phosphodiester bonds between deoxyribose sugars would be broken. 
C)  The purines would be separated from the deoxyribose sugars. 
D)  The pyrimidines would be separated from the deoxyribose sugars. 
E)  All bases would be separated from the deoxyribose sugars.

Question 4

The molecular formula for glucose is C6H12O6. What would be the molecular formula for a molecule made by linking three glucose molecules together by dehydration reactions?

Accepted Answer

A)  C18H36O18 
B)  C18H32O16 
C)  C6H10O5 
D)  C18H10O15 
E)  C3H6O3 
A)  C18H36O18 
B)  C18H32O16 
C)  C6H10O5 
D)  C18H10O15 
E)  C3H6O3

Question 5

A carbon atom is most likely to form which of the following bonds with other atoms?

Accepted Answer

A)  ionic bond 
B)  hydrogen bond 
C)  covalent bond 
D)  covalent bonds and hydrogen bonds 
E)  ionic bonds, covalent bonds, and hydrogen bonds 
A)  ionic bond 
B)  hydrogen bond 
C)  covalent bond 
D)  covalent bonds and hydrogen bonds 
E)  ionic bonds, covalent bonds, and hydrogen bonds

Question 6

All of the following are polysaccharides except

Accepted Answer

A)  lactose. 
B)  glycogen. 
C)  chitin. 
D)  cellulose. 
E)  amylopectin. 
A)  lactose. 
B)  glycogen. 
C)  chitin. 
D)  cellulose. 
E)  amylopectin.

Question 7

Figure 3.2
-What is the name of the functional group shown in Figure 3.2?

Accepted Answer

A)  carbonyl 
B)  ketone 
C)  aldehyde 
D)  carboxyl 
E)  hydroxyl 
A)  carbonyl 
B)  ketone 
C)  aldehyde 
D)  carboxyl 
E)  hydroxyl

Question 8

There are 20 different amino acids. What makes one amino acid different from another?

Accepted Answer

A)  different side chains (R groups) attached to a carboxyl carbon 
B)  different side chains (R groups) attached to the amino groups 
C)  different side chains (R groups) attached to an α carbon 
D)  different structural and optical isomers 
E)  different asymmetric carbons 
A)  different side chains (R groups) attached to a carboxyl carbon 
B)  different side chains (R groups) attached to the amino groups 
C)  different side chains (R groups) attached to an α carbon 
D)  different structural and optical isomers 
E)  different asymmetric carbons

Question 9

Which of the following statements is true for the class of biological molecules known as lipids?

Accepted Answer

A)  They are insoluble in water. 
B)  They are made from glycerol, fatty acids, and phosphate. 
C)  They contain less energy than proteins and carbohydrates. 
D)  They are made by dehydration reactions. 
E)  They contain nitrogen. 
A)  They are insoluble in water. 
B)  They are made from glycerol, fatty acids, and phosphate. 
C)  They contain less energy than proteins and carbohydrates. 
D)  They are made by dehydration reactions. 
E)  They contain nitrogen.

Question 10

What type of covalent bond between amino acid side chains (R groups) functions in maintaining a polypeptide's specific three-dimensional shape?

Accepted Answer

A)  ionic bond 
B)  hydrophobic interaction 
C)  van der Waals interaction 
D)  disulfide bond 
E)  hydrogen bond 
A)  ionic bond 
B)  hydrophobic interaction 
C)  van der Waals interaction 
D)  disulfide bond 
E)  hydrogen bond

Question 11

Figure 3.1
-The two molecules shown in Figure 3.1 are best described as

Accepted Answer

A)  optical isomers. 
B)  enantiomers. 
C)  structural isomers. 
D)  cis-trans isomers. 
E)  chain length isomers. 
A)  optical isomers. 
B)  enantiomers. 
C)  structural isomers. 
D)  cis-trans isomers. 
E)  chain length isomers.

Question 12

Polysaccharides, triacylglycerides, and proteins are similar in that they

Accepted Answer

A)  are synthesized from monomers by the process of hydrolysis. 
B)  are synthesized from subunits by dehydration reactions. 
C)  are synthesized as a result of peptide bond formation between monomers. 
D)  are decomposed into their subunits by dehydration reactions. 
E)  all contain nitrogen in their monomer building blocks. 
A)  are synthesized from monomers by the process of hydrolysis. 
B)  are synthesized from subunits by dehydration reactions. 
C)  are synthesized as a result of peptide bond formation between monomers. 
D)  are decomposed into their subunits by dehydration reactions. 
E)  all contain nitrogen in their monomer building blocks.

Question 13

Which of the following hydrocarbons has a double bond in its carbon skeleton?

Accepted Answer

A)  C3H8 
B)  C2H6 
C)  CH4 
D)  C2H4 
E)  C2H2 
A)  C3H8 
B)  C2H6 
C)  CH4 
D)  C2H4 
E)  C2H2

Question 14

Figure 3.10
-What is the structure shown in Figure 3.10?

Accepted Answer

A)  pentose molecule 
B)  fatty acid molecule 
C)  steroid molecule 
D)  oligosaccharide molecule 
E)  phospholipid molecule 
A)  pentose molecule 
B)  fatty acid molecule 
C)  steroid molecule 
D)  oligosaccharide molecule 
E)  phospholipid molecule

Question 15

Figure 3.6
-Which molecule shown in Figure 3.6 contains an amino functional group, but is not an amino acid?

Accepted Answer

A)  A 
B)  B 
C)  C 
D)  D 
E)  E 
A)  A 
B)  B 
C)  C 
D)  D 
E)  E

Question 16

What maintains the secondary structure of a protein?

Accepted Answer

A)  peptide bonds 
B)  hydrogen bonds between the amino group of one peptide bond and the carboxyl group of another peptide bond 
C)  disulfide bonds 
D)  hydrophobic interactions 
E)  hydrogen bonds between the R groups 
A)  peptide bonds 
B)  hydrogen bonds between the amino group of one peptide bond and the carboxyl group of another peptide bond 
C)  disulfide bonds 
D)  hydrophobic interactions 
E)  hydrogen bonds between the R groups

Question 17

The tertiary structure of a protein is the

Accepted Answer

A)  bonding together of several polypeptide chains by weak bonds. 
B)  order in which amino acids are joined in a polypeptide chain. 
C)  unique three-dimensional shape of the fully folded polypeptide. 
D)  organization of a polypeptide chain into an α helix or β pleated sheet. 
E)  overall protein structure resulting from the aggregation of two or more polypeptide subunits. 
A)  bonding together of several polypeptide chains by weak bonds. 
B)  order in which amino acids are joined in a polypeptide chain. 
C)  unique three-dimensional shape of the fully folded polypeptide. 
D)  organization of a polypeptide chain into an α helix or β pleated sheet. 
E)  overall protein structure resulting from the aggregation of two or more polypeptide subunits.

Question 18

Which of the following is true of both starch and cellulose?

Accepted Answer

A)  They are both polymers of glucose. 
B)  They are cis-trans isomers of each other. 
C)  They can both be digested by humans. 
D)  They are both used for energy storage in plants. 
E)  They are both structural components of the plant cell wall. 
A)  They are both polymers of glucose. 
B)  They are cis-trans isomers of each other. 
C)  They can both be digested by humans. 
D)  They are both used for energy storage in plants. 
E)  They are both structural components of the plant cell wall.

Question 19

Refer to Figure 3.12 to answer the following questions.
   Figure 3.12
-At which bond would water need to be added to achieve hydrolysis of the peptide, back to its component amino acids?

Accepted Answer

A)  A 
B)  B 
C)  C 
D)  D 
E)  E 
A)  A 
B)  B 
C)  C 
D)  D 
E)  E

Question 20

How many molecules of water are needed to completely hydrolyze a polymer that is 11 monomers long?

Accepted Answer

A)  12 
B)  11 
C)  10 
D)  9 
E)  8 
A)  12 
B)  11 
C)  10 
D)  9 
E)  8

Exam 3: Carbon and the Molecular Diversity of Life

Figure 3.6 -Which molecule shown in Figure 3.6 contains a functional group that cells use to transfer energy between organic molecules?

The bonding of two amino acid molecules to form a larger molecule requires

DNAase is an enzyme that catalyzes the hydrolysis of the covalent bonds that join nucleotides together. What would first happen to DNA molecules treated with DNAase?

The molecular formula for glucose is C6H12O6. What would be the molecular formula for a molecule made by linking three glucose molecules together by dehydration reactions?

A carbon atom is most likely to form which of the following bonds with other atoms?

All of the following are polysaccharides except

Figure 3.2 -What is the name of the functional group shown in Figure 3.2?

There are 20 different amino acids. What makes one amino acid different from another?

Which of the following statements is true for the class of biological molecules known as lipids?

What type of covalent bond between amino acid side chains (R groups) functions in maintaining a polypeptide's specific three-dimensional shape?

Figure 3.1 -The two molecules shown in Figure 3.1 are best described as

Polysaccharides, triacylglycerides, and proteins are similar in that they

Which of the following hydrocarbons has a double bond in its carbon skeleton?

Figure 3.10 -What is the structure shown in Figure 3.10?

Figure 3.6 -Which molecule shown in Figure 3.6 contains an amino functional group, but is not an amino acid?

What maintains the secondary structure of a protein?

The tertiary structure of a protein is the

Which of the following is true of both starch and cellulose?

Refer to Figure 3.12 to answer the following questions. Figure 3.12 -At which bond would water need to be added to achieve hydrolysis of the peptide, back to its component amino acids?

How many molecules of water are needed to completely hydrolyze a polymer that is 11 monomers long?

Introduction: Evolution and the Foundations of Biology

The Chemical Context of Life

A Tour of the Cell

Membrane Transport and Cell Signaling

An Introduction to Metabolism

Cellular Respiration and Fermentation

Photosynthesis

The Cell Cycle

Meiosis and Sexual Life Cycles

Mendel and the Gene Idea

The Chromosomal Basis of Inheritance

The Molecular Basis of Inheritance

Gene Expression: From Gene to Protein

Regulation of Gene Expression

Development, Stem Cells, and Cancer

Viruses

Genomes and Their Evolution

Descent With Modification

Phylogeny

The Evolution of Populations

The Origin of Species

Broad Patterns of Evolution

Early Life and the Diversification of Prokaryotes

The Origin and Diversification of Eukaryotes

The Colonization of Land by Plants and Fungi

The Rise of Animal Diversity

Plant Structure and Growth

Resource Acquisition, Nutrition, and Transport in Vascular Plants

Reproduction and Domestication of Flowering Plants

Plant Responses to Internal and External Signals

Homeostasis and Endocrine Signaling

Animal Nutrition

Circulation and Gas Exchange

The Immune System

Reproduction and Development

Neurons, Synapses, and Signaling

Nervous and Sensory Systems

Motor Mechanisms and Behavior

Population Ecology and the Distribution of Organisms

Species Interactions

Ecosystems and Energy

Global Ecology and Conservation Biology

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