Question 1

Figure 3.5
-Which molecules shown in Figure 3.5 contain a carbonyl group?

Accepted Answer

A)  A and B 
B)  B and C 
C)  B, C, and D 
D)  D and E 
E)  E and A 
A)  A and B 
B)  B and C 
C)  B, C, and D 
D)  D and E 
E)  E and A

Question 2

Figure 3.4
-Which functional group(s) shown in Figure 3.4 is (are) present in all amino acids?

Accepted Answer

A)  A and B 
B)  B and D 
C)  C only 
D)  D only 
E)  C and D 
A)  A and B 
B)  B and D 
C)  C only 
D)  D only 
E)  C and D

Question 3

Figure 3.9
-The molecule shown in Figure 3.9 is a(n)

Accepted Answer

A)  polysaccharide. 
B)  polypeptide. 
C)  saturated fatty acid. 
D)  triacylglycerol. 
E)  unsaturated fatty acid. 
A)  polysaccharide. 
B)  polypeptide. 
C)  saturated fatty acid. 
D)  triacylglycerol. 
E)  unsaturated fatty acid.

Question 4

What is the chemical reaction mechanism by which cells make polymers from monomers?

Accepted Answer

A)  phosphodiester linkages 
B)  hydrolysis 
C)  dehydration reactions 
D)  ionic bonding of monomers 
E)  the formation of disulfide bridges between monomers 
A)  phosphodiester linkages 
B)  hydrolysis 
C)  dehydration reactions 
D)  ionic bonding of monomers 
E)  the formation of disulfide bridges between monomers

Question 5

Refer to Figure 3.12 to answer the following questions.
   Figure 3.12
-Which bond is closest to the amino terminus of the molecule?

Accepted Answer

A)  A 
B)  B 
C)  C 
D)  D 
E)  E 
A)  A 
B)  B 
C)  C 
D)  D 
E)  E

Question 6

Large organic molecules are usually assembled by polymerization of a few kinds of simple subunits. Which of the following is an exception to this statement?

Accepted Answer

A)  a steroid 
B)  cellulose 
C)  DNA 
D)  an enzyme 
E)  a contractile protein 
A)  a steroid 
B)  cellulose 
C)  DNA 
D)  an enzyme 
E)  a contractile protein

Question 7

At which level(s) of protein structure are interactions between the side chains (R groups) most important?

Accepted Answer

A)  primary 
B)  secondary 
C)  tertiary 
D)  quaternary 
E)  primary, secondary, tertiary, and quaternary 
A)  primary 
B)  secondary 
C)  tertiary 
D)  quaternary 
E)  primary, secondary, tertiary, and quaternary

Question 8

Molecules with which functional groups may form polymers via dehydration reactions?

Accepted Answer

A)  hydroxyl groups 
B)  carbonyl groups 
C)  carboxyl groups 
D)  either carbonyl or carboxyl groups 
E)  either hydroxyl or carboxyl groups 
A)  hydroxyl groups 
B)  carbonyl groups 
C)  carboxyl groups 
D)  either carbonyl or carboxyl groups 
E)  either hydroxyl or carboxyl groups

Question 9

A new organism is discovered in the forests of Costa Rica. Scientists there determine that the polypeptide sequence of hemoglobin from the new organism has 72 amino acid differences from humans, 65 differences from a gibbon, 49 differences from a rat, and 5 differences from a frog. These data suggest that the new organism is more closely related to

Accepted Answer

A)  humans than to frogs. 
B)  frogs than to humans. 
C)  rats than to frogs. 
D)  humans than to rats. 
E)  gibbons than to rats. 
A)  humans than to frogs. 
B)  frogs than to humans. 
C)  rats than to frogs. 
D)  humans than to rats. 
E)  gibbons than to rats.

Question 10

Why are hydrocarbons insoluble in water?

Accepted Answer

A)  The majority of their bonds are polar covalent carbon-to-hydrogen linkages. 
B)  The majority of their bonds are nonpolar covalent carbon-to-hydrogen linkages. 
C)  They are hydrophilic. 
D)  They exhibit considerable molecular complexity and diversity. 
E)  They are lighter than water. 
A)  The majority of their bonds are polar covalent carbon-to-hydrogen linkages. 
B)  The majority of their bonds are nonpolar covalent carbon-to-hydrogen linkages. 
C)  They are hydrophilic. 
D)  They exhibit considerable molecular complexity and diversity. 
E)  They are lighter than water.

Question 11

Which of the following statements about the 5' end of a polynucleotide strand of RNA is correct?

Accepted Answer

A)  The 5' end has a hydroxyl group attached to the number 5 carbon of ribose. 
B)  The 5' end has a phosphate group attached to the number 5 carbon of ribose. 
C)  The 5' end has phosphate attached to the number 5 carbon of the nitrogenous base. 
D)  The 5' end has a carboxyl group attached to the number 5 carbon of ribose. 
E)  The 5' end is the fifth position on one of the nitrogenous bases. 
A)  The 5' end has a hydroxyl group attached to the number 5 carbon of ribose. 
B)  The 5' end has a phosphate group attached to the number 5 carbon of ribose. 
C)  The 5' end has phosphate attached to the number 5 carbon of the nitrogenous base. 
D)  The 5' end has a carboxyl group attached to the number 5 carbon of ribose. 
E)  The 5' end is the fifth position on one of the nitrogenous bases.

Question 12

If one strand of a DNA molecule has the sequence of bases 5'ATTGCA3', the other complementary strand would have the sequence

Accepted Answer

A)  5'TAACGT3'. 
B)  5'TGCAAT3'. 
C)  5'UAACGU3'. 
D)  3'UAACGU5'. 
E)  5'UGCAAU3'. 
A)  5'TAACGT3'. 
B)  5'TGCAAT3'. 
C)  5'UAACGU3'. 
D)  3'UAACGU5'. 
E)  5'UGCAAU3'.

Question 13

One of the primary functions of RNA molecules is to

Accepted Answer

A)  transmit genetic information to offspring. 
B)  function in the synthesis of proteins. 
C)  make a copy of itself, thus ensuring genetic continuity. 
D)  act as a pattern or blueprint to form DNA. 
E)  form the genes of higher organisms. 
A)  transmit genetic information to offspring. 
B)  function in the synthesis of proteins. 
C)  make a copy of itself, thus ensuring genetic continuity. 
D)  act as a pattern or blueprint to form DNA. 
E)  form the genes of higher organisms.

Question 14

Which of the following is true of cellulose?

Accepted Answer

A)  It is a polymer composed of enantiomers of glucose. 
B)  It is a storage polysaccharide for energy in plant cells. 
C)  It is digestible by bacteria in the human gut. 
D)  It is a major structural component of plant cell walls. 
E)  It is a polymer composed of enantiomers of glucose, it is a storage polysaccharide for energy in plant cells, it is digestible by bacteria in the human gut, and it is a major structural component of plant cell walls. 
A)  It is a polymer composed of enantiomers of glucose. 
B)  It is a storage polysaccharide for energy in plant cells. 
C)  It is digestible by bacteria in the human gut. 
D)  It is a major structural component of plant cell walls. 
E)  It is a polymer composed of enantiomers of glucose, it is a storage polysaccharide for energy in plant cells, it is digestible by bacteria in the human gut, and it is a major structural component of plant cell walls.

Question 15

Use the following information to answer the question below. Approximately 32 different monomeric carbohydrate subunits are found in various natural polysaccharides. Proteins are composed of 20 different amino acids. DNA and RNA are each synthesized from four nucleotides.
Which class of biological polymer has the greatest functional variety?

Accepted Answer

A)  polysaccharides 
B)  proteins 
C)  DNA 
D)  RNA 
A)  polysaccharides 
B)  proteins 
C)  DNA 
D)  RNA

Question 16

The amino acids of the protein keratin are arranged predominantly in an α helix. This secondary structure is stabilized by

Accepted Answer

A)  covalent bonds. 
B)  peptide bonds. 
C)  ionic bonds. 
D)  polar bonds. 
E)  hydrogen bonds. 
A)  covalent bonds. 
B)  peptide bonds. 
C)  ionic bonds. 
D)  polar bonds. 
E)  hydrogen bonds.

Question 17

The experimental approach taken in current biological investigations presumes that

Accepted Answer

A)  simple organic compounds can be synthesized in the laboratory from inorganic precursors, but complex organic compounds such as carbohydrates and proteins can only be synthesized by living organisms. 
B)  a life force ultimately controls the activities of living organisms, and this life force cannot be studied by physical or chemical methods. 
C)  although a life force, or vitalism, exists in living organisms, this life force cannot be studied by physical or chemical methods. 
D)  living organisms are composed of the same elements present in nonliving things, plus a few special trace elements found only in living organisms or their products. 
E)  living organisms can be understood in terms of the same physical and chemical laws that can be used to explain all natural phenomena. 
A)  simple organic compounds can be synthesized in the laboratory from inorganic precursors, but complex organic compounds such as carbohydrates and proteins can only be synthesized by living organisms. 
B)  a life force ultimately controls the activities of living organisms, and this life force cannot be studied by physical or chemical methods. 
C)  although a life force, or vitalism, exists in living organisms, this life force cannot be studied by physical or chemical methods. 
D)  living organisms are composed of the same elements present in nonliving things, plus a few special trace elements found only in living organisms or their products. 
E)  living organisms can be understood in terms of the same physical and chemical laws that can be used to explain all natural phenomena.

Question 18

Which chemical group can act as an acid?

Accepted Answer

A)  amino 
B)  carbonyl 
C)  carboxyl 
D)  hydroxyl 
E)  methyl 
A)  amino 
B)  carbonyl 
C)  carboxyl 
D)  hydroxyl 
E)  methyl

Question 19

Misfolding of polypeptides is a serious problem in cells. Which of the following diseases is (are) associated with an accumulation of misfolded polypeptides?

Accepted Answer

A)  Alzheimer's only 
B)  Parkinson's only 
C)  diabetes mellitus only 
D)  Alzheimer's and Parkinson's only 
E)  Alzheimer's, Parkinson's, and diabetes mellitus 
A)  Alzheimer's only 
B)  Parkinson's only 
C)  diabetes mellitus only 
D)  Alzheimer's and Parkinson's only 
E)  Alzheimer's, Parkinson's, and diabetes mellitus

Question 20

Upon chemical analysis, a particular polypeptide was found to contain 100 amino acids. How many peptide bonds are present in this protein?

Accepted Answer

A)  101 
B)  100 
C)  99 
D)  98 
E)  97 
A)  101 
B)  100 
C)  99 
D)  98 
E)  97

Exam 3: Carbon and the Molecular Diversity of Life

Figure 3.5 -Which molecules shown in Figure 3.5 contain a carbonyl group?

Figure 3.4 -Which functional group(s) shown in Figure 3.4 is (are) present in all amino acids?

Figure 3.9 -The molecule shown in Figure 3.9 is a(n)

What is the chemical reaction mechanism by which cells make polymers from monomers?

Refer to Figure 3.12 to answer the following questions. Figure 3.12 -Which bond is closest to the amino terminus of the molecule?

Large organic molecules are usually assembled by polymerization of a few kinds of simple subunits. Which of the following is an exception to this statement?

At which level(s) of protein structure are interactions between the side chains (R groups) most important?

Molecules with which functional groups may form polymers via dehydration reactions?

Why are hydrocarbons insoluble in water?

Which of the following statements about the 5' end of a polynucleotide strand of RNA is correct?

If one strand of a DNA molecule has the sequence of bases 5'ATTGCA3', the other complementary strand would have the sequence

One of the primary functions of RNA molecules is to

Which of the following is true of cellulose?

The amino acids of the protein keratin are arranged predominantly in an α helix. This secondary structure is stabilized by

The experimental approach taken in current biological investigations presumes that

Which chemical group can act as an acid?

Misfolding of polypeptides is a serious problem in cells. Which of the following diseases is (are) associated with an accumulation of misfolded polypeptides?

Upon chemical analysis, a particular polypeptide was found to contain 100 amino acids. How many peptide bonds are present in this protein?

Introduction: Evolution and the Foundations of Biology

The Chemical Context of Life

A Tour of the Cell

Membrane Transport and Cell Signaling

An Introduction to Metabolism

Cellular Respiration and Fermentation

Photosynthesis

The Cell Cycle

Meiosis and Sexual Life Cycles

Mendel and the Gene Idea

The Chromosomal Basis of Inheritance

The Molecular Basis of Inheritance

Gene Expression: From Gene to Protein

Regulation of Gene Expression

Development, Stem Cells, and Cancer

Viruses

Genomes and Their Evolution

Descent With Modification

Phylogeny

The Evolution of Populations

The Origin of Species

Broad Patterns of Evolution

Early Life and the Diversification of Prokaryotes

The Origin and Diversification of Eukaryotes

The Colonization of Land by Plants and Fungi

The Rise of Animal Diversity

Plant Structure and Growth

Resource Acquisition, Nutrition, and Transport in Vascular Plants

Reproduction and Domestication of Flowering Plants

Plant Responses to Internal and External Signals

Homeostasis and Endocrine Signaling

Animal Nutrition

Circulation and Gas Exchange

The Immune System

Reproduction and Development

Neurons, Synapses, and Signaling

Nervous and Sensory Systems

Motor Mechanisms and Behavior

Population Ecology and the Distribution of Organisms

Species Interactions

Ecosystems and Energy

Global Ecology and Conservation Biology

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