Question 1

If a cell lacked ribosomes,it would not be able to

Accepted Answer

A)  translate messenger RNA into DNA. 
B)  make RNA from DNA. 
C)  translate proteins into messenger RNA. 
D)  transcribe DNA into mRNA. 
E)  make proteins. 
A)  translate messenger RNA into DNA. 
B)  make RNA from DNA. 
C)  translate proteins into messenger RNA. 
D)  transcribe DNA into mRNA. 
E)  make proteins.

Question 2

Microtubules are composed of monomers of

Accepted Answer

A)  $\alpha$- and $\beta$-tubulin. 
B)  actin. 
C)  non-muscle myosin. 
D)  myosin motor proteins. 
E)  keratin proteins. 
A)  $\alpha$- and $\beta$-tubulin. 
B)  actin. 
C)  non-muscle myosin. 
D)  myosin motor proteins. 
E)  keratin proteins.

Question 3

Which organelle contains special enzymes to safely break down toxic by-products of oxidation?

Accepted Answer

A)  Glyoxysome 
B)  Lysosome 
C)  Peroxisome 
D)  Phagosome 
E)  Ribosome 
A)  Glyoxysome 
B)  Lysosome 
C)  Peroxisome 
D)  Phagosome 
E)  Ribosome

Question 4

What is the difference between "free" ribosomes and "attached" ribosomes?

Accepted Answer

A)  Free ribosomes are found floating within vesicles,whereas attached ribosomes are found anchored to the endoplasmic reticulum. 
B)  Free ribosomes produce polypeptides in the cytosol,whereas attached ribosomes produce polypeptides that are inserted into the ER. 
C)  Free ribosomes produce polypeptides that are exported from the cell,whereas attached ribosomes make polypeptides for mitochondria and chloroplasts. 
D)  Free ribosomes are not organelles,whereas attached ribosomes are organelles. 
E)  Free ribosomes translate rRNA into polypeptides,whereas attached ribosomes translate mRNA into polypeptides. 
A)  Free ribosomes are found floating within vesicles,whereas attached ribosomes are found anchored to the endoplasmic reticulum. 
B)  Free ribosomes produce polypeptides in the cytosol,whereas attached ribosomes produce polypeptides that are inserted into the ER. 
C)  Free ribosomes produce polypeptides that are exported from the cell,whereas attached ribosomes make polypeptides for mitochondria and chloroplasts. 
D)  Free ribosomes are not organelles,whereas attached ribosomes are organelles. 
E)  Free ribosomes translate rRNA into polypeptides,whereas attached ribosomes translate mRNA into polypeptides.

Question 5

When an orange is cut in half,the surface area-to-volume ratio is (increased/decreased)_______.

Accepted Answer

The answer of When an orange is cut in half,the...

Question 6

Craig Venter and Hamilton Smith created a new life form by replacing the DNA within a preexisting cell with DNA they created in their lab.This organism,Mycoplasma mycoides JVCI-syn1.0,is considered to be a new life form because its _______ is unique.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Craig Venter and Hamilton Smith created a...

Question 7

Elysia chlorotica,a sea slug,is an animal that has chloroplasts in its tissues as an adult but not when it is very young.What is the most likely explanation for this?

Accepted Answer

A)  Some of the animal's mitochondria change into chloroplasts. 
B)  The chloroplasts were acquired by an ancestral form of sea slug and then passed down. 
C)  The animal evolved the ability to make chloroplasts. 
D)  The animal acquires chloroplasts through its diet of yellow-green algae. 
E)  The animal makes chloroplasts by being exposed to sunlight. 
A)  Some of the animal's mitochondria change into chloroplasts. 
B)  The chloroplasts were acquired by an ancestral form of sea slug and then passed down. 
C)  The animal evolved the ability to make chloroplasts. 
D)  The animal acquires chloroplasts through its diet of yellow-green algae. 
E)  The animal makes chloroplasts by being exposed to sunlight.

Question 8

A large organelle found in eukaryotic cells that genetically controls the cell's activities is the

Accepted Answer

A)  chloroplast. 
B)  nucleus. 
C)  flagellum. 
D)  vacuole. 
E)  centriole. 
A)  chloroplast. 
B)  nucleus. 
C)  flagellum. 
D)  vacuole. 
E)  centriole.

Question 9

The cytosol

Accepted Answer

A)  is a static region of the cell. 
B)  contains DNA. 
C)  is composed largely of water and dissolved molecules. 
D)  supports the cell and determines its shape. 
E)  chemically modifies proteins and other molecules. 
A)  is a static region of the cell. 
B)  contains DNA. 
C)  is composed largely of water and dissolved molecules. 
D)  supports the cell and determines its shape. 
E)  chemically modifies proteins and other molecules.

Question 10

Use the following to answer questions :
Refer to the figure below.  
-The organelle shown in the electron micrograph above and indicated by the arrow is the _______,which _______.

Accepted Answer

A)  Golgi apparatus;modifies mRNA coming from the RER 
B)  Golgi apparatus;modifies proteins coming from the RER 
C)  chloroplast;creates carbohydrates using solar energy 
D)  chloroplast;converts carbon dioxide and water into lipids 
E)  mitochondrion;harvests chemical energy to create ATP 
A)  Golgi apparatus;modifies mRNA coming from the RER 
B)  Golgi apparatus;modifies proteins coming from the RER 
C)  chloroplast;creates carbohydrates using solar energy 
D)  chloroplast;converts carbon dioxide and water into lipids 
E)  mitochondrion;harvests chemical energy to create ATP

Question 11

You find a previously unknown single-celled organism in a water sample.While studying it,you find that the organism is photosynthetic and has a cell membrane surrounded by a layer of peptidoglycan (carbohydrates linked to peptides).The organism contains DNA and RNA,but you see no nuclear membrane.This organism most likely belongs to which group?

Accepted Answer

A)  Eukaryotes 
B)  Protists 
C)  Bacteria 
D)  Archaea 
E)  Animals 
A)  Eukaryotes 
B)  Protists 
C)  Bacteria 
D)  Archaea 
E)  Animals

Question 12

You observe a hummingbird taking nectar from the red flowers in your garden.You want to figure out where the red pigment of the petals is located,so you observe a petal under the microscope.You will most likely find the red pigment in the

Accepted Answer

A)  vacuoles and chloroplasts. 
B)  chromoplasts and chloroplasts. 
C)  cytosol and thylakoids. 
D)  glyoxysomes and leucoplasts. 
E)  chromoplasts and vacuoles. 
A)  vacuoles and chloroplasts. 
B)  chromoplasts and chloroplasts. 
C)  cytosol and thylakoids. 
D)  glyoxysomes and leucoplasts. 
E)  chromoplasts and vacuoles.

Question 13

Steroids such as cholesterol are synthesized by

Accepted Answer

A)  chloroplasts. 
B)  lysosomes. 
C)  the smooth ER. 
D)  the Golgi apparatus. 
E)  mitochondria. 
A)  chloroplasts. 
B)  lysosomes. 
C)  the smooth ER. 
D)  the Golgi apparatus. 
E)  mitochondria.

Question 14

A secondary lysosome

Accepted Answer

A)  provides a backup to the primary lysosomes. 
B)  is smaller than a primary lysosome. 
C)  is used to break down macromolecules through hydrolysis. 
D)  is a primary lysosome that has fused with a mitochondrion. 
E)  has exocytosed its contents to the exterior of the cell. 
A)  provides a backup to the primary lysosomes. 
B)  is smaller than a primary lysosome. 
C)  is used to break down macromolecules through hydrolysis. 
D)  is a primary lysosome that has fused with a mitochondrion. 
E)  has exocytosed its contents to the exterior of the cell.

Question 15

Polypeptides that are transported in vesicles are first made by

Accepted Answer

A)  the Golgi apparatus. 
B)  ribosomes within the mitochondrion. 
C)  the smooth endoplasmic reticulum. 
D)  ribosomes on the rough endoplasmic reticulum. 
E)  ribosomes within chloroplasts. 
A)  the Golgi apparatus. 
B)  ribosomes within the mitochondrion. 
C)  the smooth endoplasmic reticulum. 
D)  ribosomes on the rough endoplasmic reticulum. 
E)  ribosomes within chloroplasts.

Question 16

Which of the following represents the correct size ordering of the structures,from smallest to largest?

Accepted Answer

A)  Lysosome,ribosome,nucleus,mitochondrion 
B)  Lysosome,mitochondrion,ribosome,nucleus 
C)  Mitochondrion,ribosome,nucleus,lysosome 
D)  Ribosome,lysosome,mitochondrion,nucleus 
E)  Ribosome,lysosome,nucleus,mitochondrion 
A)  Lysosome,ribosome,nucleus,mitochondrion 
B)  Lysosome,mitochondrion,ribosome,nucleus 
C)  Mitochondrion,ribosome,nucleus,lysosome 
D)  Ribosome,lysosome,mitochondrion,nucleus 
E)  Ribosome,lysosome,nucleus,mitochondrion

Question 17

Use the following to answer questions :
Refer to the figure below.  
-If you examined a cell from the lining of your respiratory tract using electron microscopy,which structures shown in the figure would you expect to see?

Accepted Answer

A)  1 and 2 only 
B)  2 and 3 only 
C)  3 and 4 only 
D)  1,2,and 3 
E)  2,3,and 4 
A)  1 and 2 only 
B)  2 and 3 only 
C)  3 and 4 only 
D)  1,2,and 3 
E)  2,3,and 4

Question 18

Your hair and fingernails are made up of flattened layers of dead cells.These dead cells are tough and resistant to physical damage because they are filled with

Accepted Answer

A)  microtubules that prevent bending of the cells. 
B)  microfilaments that are actively adding actin monomers to their plus ends. 
C)  collagen protein that forms tough ropes. 
D)  tubulin that is assembled into stiff filaments. 
E)  intermediate filaments made up primarily of keratin proteins. 
A)  microtubules that prevent bending of the cells. 
B)  microfilaments that are actively adding actin monomers to their plus ends. 
C)  collagen protein that forms tough ropes. 
D)  tubulin that is assembled into stiff filaments. 
E)  intermediate filaments made up primarily of keratin proteins.

Question 19

A specialized structure found in most,but not all,prokaryotes is the

Accepted Answer

A)  cell wall. 
B)  ribosome. 
C)  cytosol. 
D)  mitochondrion. 
E)  chloroplast. 
A)  cell wall. 
B)  ribosome. 
C)  cytosol. 
D)  mitochondrion. 
E)  chloroplast.

Question 20

The _______ of a prokaryote is/are its most primitive feature.

Accepted Answer

A)  cell wall 
B)  internal membranes 
C)  flagella 
D)  nucleoid 
E)  cytoskeleton 
A)  cell wall 
B)  internal membranes 
C)  flagella 
D)  nucleoid 
E)  cytoskeleton

Exam 4: Cells: the Working Units of Life

If a cell lacked ribosomes,it would not be able to

Microtubules are composed of monomers of

Which organelle contains special enzymes to safely break down toxic by-products of oxidation?

What is the difference between "free" ribosomes and "attached" ribosomes?

When an orange is cut in half,the surface area-to-volume ratio is (increased/decreased)_______.

Craig Venter and Hamilton Smith created a new life form by replacing the DNA within a preexisting cell with DNA they created in their lab.This organism,Mycoplasma mycoides JVCI-syn1.0,is considered to be a new life form because its _______ is unique.

Elysia chlorotica,a sea slug,is an animal that has chloroplasts in its tissues as an adult but not when it is very young.What is the most likely explanation for this?

A large organelle found in eukaryotic cells that genetically controls the cell's activities is the

The cytosol

Use the following to answer questions : Refer to the figure below. -The organelle shown in the electron micrograph above and indicated by the arrow is the _______,which _______.

You observe a hummingbird taking nectar from the red flowers in your garden.You want to figure out where the red pigment of the petals is located,so you observe a petal under the microscope.You will most likely find the red pigment in the

Steroids such as cholesterol are synthesized by

A secondary lysosome

Polypeptides that are transported in vesicles are first made by

Which of the following represents the correct size ordering of the structures,from smallest to largest?

Use the following to answer questions : Refer to the figure below. -If you examined a cell from the lining of your respiratory tract using electron microscopy,which structures shown in the figure would you expect to see?

Your hair and fingernails are made up of flattened layers of dead cells.These dead cells are tough and resistant to physical damage because they are filled with

A specialized structure found in most,but not all,prokaryotes is the

The _______ of a prokaryote is/are its most primitive feature.

Introduction

The Chemistry and Energy of Life

Nucleic Acids, Proteins, and Enzymes

Cell Membranes and Signaling

Pathways That Harvest and Store Chemical Energy

The Cell Cycle and Cell Division

Inheritance, Genes, and Chromosomes

DNA and Its Role in Heredity

From Dna to Protein: Gene Expression

Regulation of Gene Expression

Genomes

Biotechnology

Genes, Development, and Evolution

Processes of Evolution

Reconstructing and Using Phylogenies

Speciation

The History of Life on Earth

Bacteria, Archaea, and Viruses

The Origin and Diversification of Eukaryotes

The Evolution of Plants

The Evolution and Diversity of Fungi

Animal Origins and Diversity

The Plant Body

Plant Nutrition and Transport

Plant Growth and Development

Reproduction of Flowering Plants

Plants in the Environment

Fundamentals of Animal Function

Nutrition and Digestion

Breathing

Circulation

Muscle and Movement

Neurons, Sense Organs, and Nervous Systems

Nervous and Endocrine Control

Water and Salts: Excretion

Animal Reproduction

Animal Development

Immunology: Animal Defense Systems

Animal Behavior

The Distribution of Earths Ecological Systems

Populations

Ecological and Evolutionary Consequences of Interactions Within and Among Species

Ecological Communities

The Global Ecosystem

Filters

Use the following to answer questions : Refer to the figure below. -The organelle shown in the electron micrograph above and indicated by the arrow is the _,which _.