Question 1

The T2 bacteriophages used in the Hershey and Chase experiment contain ____.

Accepted Answer

A)  DNA only 
B)  RNA and protein 
C)  protein, phospholipid, and DNA 
D)  DNA and protein 
E)  protein, phospholipid, DNA, and RNA 
A)  DNA only 
B)  RNA and protein 
C)  protein, phospholipid, and DNA 
D)  DNA and protein 
E)  protein, phospholipid, DNA, and RNA

Question 2

Suppose that you performed a version of the Hershey and Chase experiment, this time using32P-labeled viruses that insert their double-stranded DNA into the DNA of the cells that they infect. The viral DNA is then treated as part of the cell's own DNA and is replicated during DNA replication and passed onto daughter cells when the cell divides. You infect a population of cells with the32P-labeled viruses, and then let the infected cells go through two generations of cell divisions. If you then examine the cells, you should find32P-labeled DNA in ____ of the cells.

Accepted Answer

A)  none 
B)   about 1/4 
C)  about 1/2 
D)  about 3/4 
E)  all 
A)  none 
B)   about 1/4 
C)  about 1/2 
D)  about 3/4 
E)  all

Question 3

The steps of DNA replication and the enzymes involved are largely conserved amongst bacteria, archaea, and eukaryotes. How can this evolutionary conservation be explained?

Accepted Answer

DNA replication is vital to living organ

Question 4

Some research has indicated that increased exercise is linked to increased telomere length in renewable tissues, like blood. Assuming that telomerase levels are not increased by exercise, what might explain the increase in telomere length?

Accepted Answer

A)  DNA replication occurred more frequently in individuals who exercised. 
B)  Cell division occurred more rapidly in individuals who exercised. 
C)  Telomerase activity was higher in individuals who exercised. 
D)  Telomerase activity was lower in individuals who exercised. 
E)  Fewer DNA replication errors occurred in individuals who exercised. 
A)  DNA replication occurred more frequently in individuals who exercised. 
B)  Cell division occurred more rapidly in individuals who exercised. 
C)  Telomerase activity was higher in individuals who exercised. 
D)  Telomerase activity was lower in individuals who exercised. 
E)  Fewer DNA replication errors occurred in individuals who exercised.

Question 5

Prior to the 1940s, many biologists believed ____, which is composed of 20 different types of ____, was most likely the genetic material.

Accepted Answer

A)  protein; amino acids 
B)  DNA; amino acids 
C)  protein; nucleotides 
D)  DNA; nucleotides 
E)  RNA; nucleotides 
A)  protein; amino acids 
B)  DNA; amino acids 
C)  protein; nucleotides 
D)  DNA; nucleotides 
E)  RNA; nucleotides

Question 6

The alteration of a cell's hereditary type by the uptake of DNA released by the breakdown of another cell is called ____.

Accepted Answer

A)  replication 
B)  transformation 
C)  crossing-over 
D)  excision repair 
E)  ligation 
A)  replication 
B)  transformation 
C)  crossing-over 
D)  excision repair 
E)  ligation

Question 7

What is unlikely to happen if the sliding clamp is nonfunctional?

Accepted Answer

A)  The overall rate of DNA synthesis is low. 
B)  The DNA polymerase and the template strand of DNA are not properly anchored together. 
C)  The DNA polymerase detaches from the DNA after only a few polymerizations. 
D)  Many thousands of polymerizations occur before the DNA polymerase detaches. 
E)  The rate of DNA replication is low. 
A)  The overall rate of DNA synthesis is low. 
B)  The DNA polymerase and the template strand of DNA are not properly anchored together. 
C)  The DNA polymerase detaches from the DNA after only a few polymerizations. 
D)  Many thousands of polymerizations occur before the DNA polymerase detaches. 
E)  The rate of DNA replication is low.

Question 8

Adjacent nucleotides on a strand of DNA are connected to each other by a(n) ____.

Accepted Answer

A)  hydrophobic interaction 
B)  phosphodiester bond 
C)  hydrogen bond 
D)  peptide bond 
E)  ionic bond 
A)  hydrophobic interaction 
B)  phosphodiester bond 
C)  hydrogen bond 
D)  peptide bond 
E)  ionic bond

Question 9

What happens when living R strain Streptococcus pneumoniae bacteria are mixed with heat-killed S strain Streptococcus pneumoniae bacteria?

Accepted Answer

A)  The S strain bacteria come back to life. 
B)  The R strain bacteria are killed, and the S strain bacteria remain dead. 
C)  The R strain bacteria are transformed into S strain bacteria. 
D)  The S strain bacteria are transformed into R strain bacteria. 
E)  The R strain bacteria are killed, and the S strain bacteria come back to life. 
A)  The S strain bacteria come back to life. 
B)  The R strain bacteria are killed, and the S strain bacteria remain dead. 
C)  The R strain bacteria are transformed into S strain bacteria. 
D)  The S strain bacteria are transformed into R strain bacteria. 
E)  The R strain bacteria are killed, and the S strain bacteria come back to life.

Question 10

A DNA double helix has two strands that are held together by ____.

Accepted Answer

A)  hydrogen bonds 
B)  ionic bonds 
C)  hydrophobic interactions 
D)  phosphodiester bonds 
E)  covalent bonds 
A)  hydrogen bonds 
B)  ionic bonds 
C)  hydrophobic interactions 
D)  phosphodiester bonds 
E)  covalent bonds

Question 11

The two strands of a DNA double helix are said to be antiparallel. This means that ____.

Accepted Answer

A)  the 5' end of one strand is directly paired with the 5' end of the other strand 
B)  since the double helix twists, it is not perfectly parallel 
C)  one strand has a negative charge, and the other strand has a positive charge 
D)  the 5' end of one strand is directly paired with the 3' end of the other strand 
E)  both strands have a negative charge 
A)  the 5' end of one strand is directly paired with the 5' end of the other strand 
B)  since the double helix twists, it is not perfectly parallel 
C)  one strand has a negative charge, and the other strand has a positive charge 
D)  the 5' end of one strand is directly paired with the 3' end of the other strand 
E)  both strands have a negative charge

Question 12

Match between columns
                        Premises: Tethers DNA polymerase to the template DNA
Main enzyme that extends RNA primer by adding DNA nucleotides to it
Unwinds DNA helix
Stabilizes single-stranded DNA
Relieves over-winding of DNA ahead of the replication fork
Synthesizes short RNA segment to initiate new DNA strand
Contains 5' ->3' exonuclease activity to remove RNA preceding previous Okazaki fragment and uses its 5' ->3' polymerization activity to replace RNA nucleotides with DNA nucleotides
Seals nicks between adjacent DNA segments

Accepted Answer

The Answer of DNA polymerase I and DNA ligase and is...

Question 13

Wilkins and Franklin studied the structure of DNA using ____.

Accepted Answer

A)  molecular scale models of nucleotides 
B)  X-ray diffraction 
C)  computer-assisted graphics 
D)  electron microscopy 
E)  light microscopy 
A)  molecular scale models of nucleotides 
B)  X-ray diffraction 
C)  computer-assisted graphics 
D)  electron microscopy 
E)  light microscopy

Question 14

After DNA repair enzymes remove an incorrect nucleotide resulting from a replication error, ____ is/are needed to complete the repair.

Accepted Answer

A)  primase, DNA polymerase, and DNA ligase 
B)  DNA polymerase 
C)  DNA polymerase and DNA ligase 
D)  primase and DNA ligase 
E)  primase and DNA polymerase 
A)  primase, DNA polymerase, and DNA ligase 
B)  DNA polymerase 
C)  DNA polymerase and DNA ligase 
D)  primase and DNA ligase 
E)  primase and DNA polymerase

Question 15

Avery, MacLeod, and McCarty showed that DNA was the transforming principle by demonstrating that mice survived when injected with a mixture of dead virulent bacteria and live nonvirulent bacteria that were treated with a DNA degrading enzyme. If RNA was the genetic material, what would have been the effect on the mice? Why?

Accepted Answer

The mice would die because DNA would be

Question 16

In many cancers, the cancerous cells have fully active telomerase enzymes. Explain how this might play a role in enabling cancer cells to keep rapidly dividing.

Accepted Answer

Cancer cells are characterized by their

Question 17

Cancer treatments may specifically target rapidly dividing cells by using drugs or chemicals that ____.

Accepted Answer

A)  promote DNA replication only 
B)  inhibit DNA repair enzymes only 
C)  inhibit DNA replication only 
D)  promote DNA replication or inhibit DNA repair enzymes 
E)  inhibit DNA replication or DNA repair enzymes 
A)  promote DNA replication only 
B)  inhibit DNA repair enzymes only 
C)  inhibit DNA replication only 
D)  promote DNA replication or inhibit DNA repair enzymes 
E)  inhibit DNA replication or DNA repair enzymes

Question 18

Which statement correctly describes DNA base pairing?

Accepted Answer

A)  Two hydrogen bonds bind A and T; three hydrogen bonds bind G and C. 
B)  Two hydrogen bonds bind A and C; three hydrogen bonds bind T and G. 
C)  Two hydrogen bonds bind G and C; three hydrogen bonds bind A and T. 
D)  Two hydrogen bonds bind A and T, and two hydrogen bonds bind G and C. 
E)  Three hydrogen bonds bind A and C, and three hydrogen bonds bind T and G. 
A)  Two hydrogen bonds bind A and T; three hydrogen bonds bind G and C. 
B)  Two hydrogen bonds bind A and C; three hydrogen bonds bind T and G. 
C)  Two hydrogen bonds bind G and C; three hydrogen bonds bind A and T. 
D)  Two hydrogen bonds bind A and T, and two hydrogen bonds bind G and C. 
E)  Three hydrogen bonds bind A and C, and three hydrogen bonds bind T and G.

Question 19

In DNA, the pyrimidines are ____.

Accepted Answer

A)  thymine and cytosine 
B)  adenine and cytosine 
C)  adenine and guanine 
D)  thymine and adenine 
E)  guanine and thymine 
A)  thymine and cytosine 
B)  adenine and cytosine 
C)  adenine and guanine 
D)  thymine and adenine 
E)  guanine and thymine

Question 20

Individuals with xeroderma pigmentosum inherit a faulty DNA repair mechanism. As a consequence, ____.

Accepted Answer

A)  they are sterile 
B)  their cells have no proofreading abilities during DNA replication 
C)  Okazaki fragments produced during DNA replication cannot be joined 
D)  they easily develop skin cancer when exposed to sunlight 
E)  their telomeres are shorter than average 
A)  they are sterile 
B)  their cells have no proofreading abilities during DNA replication 
C)  Okazaki fragments produced during DNA replication cannot be joined 
D)  they easily develop skin cancer when exposed to sunlight 
E)  their telomeres are shorter than average

Exam 14: Dna Structure, Replication, and Organization

The T2 bacteriophages used in the Hershey and Chase experiment contain ____.

The steps of DNA replication and the enzymes involved are largely conserved amongst bacteria, archaea, and eukaryotes. How can this evolutionary conservation be explained?

Some research has indicated that increased exercise is linked to increased telomere length in renewable tissues, like blood. Assuming that telomerase levels are not increased by exercise, what might explain the increase in telomere length?

Prior to the 1940s, many biologists believed ____, which is composed of 20 different types of ____, was most likely the genetic material.

The alteration of a cell's hereditary type by the uptake of DNA released by the breakdown of another cell is called ____.

What is unlikely to happen if the sliding clamp is nonfunctional?

Adjacent nucleotides on a strand of DNA are connected to each other by a(n) ____.

What happens when living R strain Streptococcus pneumoniae bacteria are mixed with heat-killed S strain Streptococcus pneumoniae bacteria?

A DNA double helix has two strands that are held together by ____.

The two strands of a DNA double helix are said to be antiparallel. This means that ____.

Wilkins and Franklin studied the structure of DNA using ____.

After DNA repair enzymes remove an incorrect nucleotide resulting from a replication error, ____ is/are needed to complete the repair.

In many cancers, the cancerous cells have fully active telomerase enzymes. Explain how this might play a role in enabling cancer cells to keep rapidly dividing.

Cancer treatments may specifically target rapidly dividing cells by using drugs or chemicals that ____.

Which statement correctly describes DNA base pairing?

In DNA, the pyrimidines are ____.

Individuals with xeroderma pigmentosum inherit a faulty DNA repair mechanism. As a consequence, ____.

Introduction to Biological Concepts and Research

Life, Chemistry, and Water

Biological Molecules: the Carbon Compounds of Life

Cells

Membranes and Transport

Energy, Enzymes, and Biological Reactions

Cellular Respiration: Harvesting Chemical Energy

Photosynthesis

Cell Communication

Cell Division and Mitosis

Meiosis: the Cellular Basis of Sexual Reproduction

Mendel, Genes, and Inheritance

Genes, Chromosomes, and Human Genetics

Gene Expression: From Dna to Protein

Regulation of Gene Expression

Bacterial and Viral Genetics

Dna Technology: Making and Using Genetically Altered Organisms, and Other Applications

Genomes and Proteomes

The Development of Evolutionary Thought

Microevolution: Genetic Changes Within Populations

Speciation

Paleobiology and Macroevolution

Systematic Biology: Phylogeny and Classification

The Origin of Life

Prokaryotes and Viruses

Protists

Seedless Plants

Seed Plants

Fungi

Animal Phylogeny, Acoelomates, and Protostomes

Deuterostomes: Vertebrates and Their Closest Relatives

The Plant Body

Transport in Plants

Plant Nutrition

Reproduction and Development in Flowering Plants

Plant Signals and Responses to the Environment

Introduction to Animal Organization and Physiology

Information Flow and the Neuron

Nervous Systems

Sensory Systems

The Endocrine System

Muscles, Bones, and Body Movements

The Circulatory System

Defenses Against Disease

Gas Exchange: the Respiratory System

Digestive Systems and Animal Nutrition

Regulating the Internal Environment: Osmoregulation, Excretion, and Thermoregulation

Animal Reproduction

Animal Development

Ecology and the Biosphere

Population Ecology

Population Interactions and Community Ecology

Ecosystems

Biodiversity and Conservation Biology

Animal Behavior

Filters

Prior to the 1940s, many biologists believed , which is composed of 20 different types of , was most likely the genetic material.