Question 1

Biofilms ____.

Accepted Answer

A)  are formed by prokaryotes living in a watery environment 
B)  may develop on surgical implants 
C)  are exemplified by dental plaque 
D)  are formed by prokaryotes living in a watery environment and may develop on surgical implants 
E)  are formed by prokaryotes living in a watery environment, may develop on surgical implants, and are exemplified by dental plaque 
A)  are formed by prokaryotes living in a watery environment 
B)  may develop on surgical implants 
C)  are exemplified by dental plaque 
D)  are formed by prokaryotes living in a watery environment and may develop on surgical implants 
E)  are formed by prokaryotes living in a watery environment, may develop on surgical implants, and are exemplified by dental plaque

Question 2

Genome sequence comparisons have now shown that the Korarchaeota are most likely a sister group of the Euryarchaeota.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 3

How many distinct evolutionary branches exist in the domain Archaea, as revealed by genome sequencing studies?

Accepted Answer

A)  two 
B)  three 
C)  four 
D)  five 
E)  at least six 
A)  two 
B)  three 
C)  four 
D)  five 
E)  at least six

Question 4

Cyanobacterial photosynthesis is similar to plant photosynthesis in the ____.

Accepted Answer

A)  type of chlorophyll used 
B)  splitting of water 
C)  production of oxygen 
D)  type of chlorophyll used and splitting of water 
E)  type of chlorophyll used, splitting of water, and in the production of oxygen 
A)  type of chlorophyll used 
B)  splitting of water 
C)  production of oxygen 
D)  type of chlorophyll used and splitting of water 
E)  type of chlorophyll used, splitting of water, and in the production of oxygen

Question 5

Figure 26.1 
-
Answer the question using the accompanying figure. Which type of cell is represented in this figure?

Accepted Answer

A)  a Gram-positive bacterium 
B)  a Gram-negative bacterium 
C)  either a Gram-positive or a Gram-negative bacterium 
D)  an archaeal cell 
E)  any prokaryotic cell 
A)  a Gram-positive bacterium 
B)  a Gram-negative bacterium 
C)  either a Gram-positive or a Gram-negative bacterium 
D)  an archaeal cell 
E)  any prokaryotic cell

Question 6

An organism that obtains its energy by oxidizing organic or inorganic substances is a(n) ____.

Accepted Answer

A)  autotroph 
B)  auxotroph 
C)  heterotroph 
D)  chemotroph 
E)  phototroph 
A)  autotroph 
B)  auxotroph 
C)  heterotroph 
D)  chemotroph 
E)  phototroph

Question 7

Archaea were first found ____.

Accepted Answer

A)  to be pathogenic 
B)  living on the surface of leaves 
C)  in surface ocean water 
D)  in extreme environments 
E)  in benign environments 
A)  to be pathogenic 
B)  living on the surface of leaves 
C)  in surface ocean water 
D)  in extreme environments 
E)  in benign environments

Question 8

After performing a Gram stain on a mixed culture of Gram-positive and Gram-negative cells, you realize that you omitted the iodine step. What would you expect to see if you observed the slide under the microscope?

Accepted Answer

A)  pink Gram-positive and purple Gram-negative cells 
B)  purple Gram-positive and pink Gram-negative cells 
C)  pink Gram-positive and pink Gram-negative cells 
D)  colorless Gram-positive and pink Gram-negative cells 
E)  colorless Gram-positive and colorless Gram-negative cells 
A)  pink Gram-positive and purple Gram-negative cells 
B)  purple Gram-positive and pink Gram-negative cells 
C)  pink Gram-positive and pink Gram-negative cells 
D)  colorless Gram-positive and pink Gram-negative cells 
E)  colorless Gram-positive and colorless Gram-negative cells

Question 9

Archaeans like Sulfolobus have multiple origins of replication.  This suggests that they ____.

Accepted Answer

A)  are more like bacteria than eukaryotes 
B)  are more like eukaryotes than bacteria 
C)  have a unique form of chromosomal replication 
D)  have multiple plasmids, whose replication must be coordinated 
E)  have multiple chromosomes 
A)  are more like bacteria than eukaryotes 
B)  are more like eukaryotes than bacteria 
C)  have a unique form of chromosomal replication 
D)  have multiple plasmids, whose replication must be coordinated 
E)  have multiple chromosomes

Question 10

The presence of a nuclear membrane is characteristic of ____.

Accepted Answer

A)  Archaea only 
B)  Bacteria only 
C)  both Archaea and Bacteria 
D)  neither Archaea nor Bacteria 
E)  Archaea, Bacteria and Eukarya 
A)  Archaea only 
B)  Bacteria only 
C)  both Archaea and Bacteria 
D)  neither Archaea nor Bacteria 
E)  Archaea, Bacteria and Eukarya

Question 11

Why is it problematic to take antibiotics for viral diseases?

Accepted Answer

Antibiotics do not kill viruse

Question 12

Which type of bacteria can grow in the presence or absence of oxygen?

Accepted Answer

A)  obligate aerobes 
B)  obligate anaerobes 
C)  facultative anaerobes 
D)  obligate aerobes and obligate anaerobes 
E)  obligate anaerobes and facultative anaerobes 
A)  obligate aerobes 
B)  obligate anaerobes 
C)  facultative anaerobes 
D)  obligate aerobes and obligate anaerobes 
E)  obligate anaerobes and facultative anaerobes

Question 13

Arrange the following layers from most external to most internal. 1 = Cell membrane
2 = Capsule
3 = Cell wall

Accepted Answer

A)  1, 2, 3 
B)  2, 1, 3 
C)  2, 3, 1 
D)  3, 1, 2 
E)  3, 2, 1 
A)  1, 2, 3 
B)  2, 1, 3 
C)  2, 3, 1 
D)  3, 1, 2 
E)  3, 2, 1

Question 14

Organisms that live optimally in cold temperatures are called barophiles .

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 15

Figure 26.1 
-Answer the question using the accompanying figure. Which numbers identify structures that are found in all prokaryotes?

Accepted Answer

A)  2 and 4 
B)  3 and 4 
C)  1 and 5 
D)  5 and 9 
E)  7 and 8 
A)  2 and 4 
B)  3 and 4 
C)  1 and 5 
D)  5 and 9 
E)  7 and 8

Question 16

Figure 26.1 
-Answer the question using the accompanying figure. Which number identifies a structure that is composed of polysaccharides?

Accepted Answer

A)  1 
B)  3 
C)  6 
D)  7 
E)  9 
A)  1 
B)  3 
C)  6 
D)  7 
E)  9

Question 17

An organism that obtains its carbon from CO2is a(n) ____.

Accepted Answer

A)  autotroph 
B)  auxotroph 
C)  heterotroph 
D)  chemotroph 
E)  photoheterotroph 
A)  autotroph 
B)  auxotroph 
C)  heterotroph 
D)  chemotroph 
E)  photoheterotroph

Question 18

If the peptidoglycan layer is between two plasma membranes in an organism, that organism is ____.

Accepted Answer

A)  Gram-negative 
B)  an archaean 
C)  Gram-positive 
D)  chemoautotrophic 
E)  eukaryotic 
A)  Gram-negative 
B)  an archaean 
C)  Gram-positive 
D)  chemoautotrophic 
E)  eukaryotic

Question 19

What are the primary evolutionary mechanisms that result in the great diversity and adaptation in prokaryotes?

Accepted Answer

Genetic variability primarily arises due

Question 20

Figure 26.2
-Answer the question using the accompanying figure. Which branch of this phylogenetic tree identifies Archaea?

Accepted Answer

A)  A 
B)  B 
C)  C 
D)  D 
E)  E 
A)  A 
B)  B 
C)  C 
D)  D 
E)  E

Exam 26: Prokaryotes and Viruses

Biofilms ____.

Genome sequence comparisons have now shown that the Korarchaeota are most likely a sister group of the Euryarchaeota.

How many distinct evolutionary branches exist in the domain Archaea, as revealed by genome sequencing studies?

Cyanobacterial photosynthesis is similar to plant photosynthesis in the ____.

Figure 26.1 - Answer the question using the accompanying figure. Which type of cell is represented in this figure?

An organism that obtains its energy by oxidizing organic or inorganic substances is a(n) ____.

Archaea were first found ____.

After performing a Gram stain on a mixed culture of Gram-positive and Gram-negative cells, you realize that you omitted the iodine step. What would you expect to see if you observed the slide under the microscope?

Archaeans like Sulfolobus have multiple origins of replication. This suggests that they ____.

The presence of a nuclear membrane is characteristic of ____.

Why is it problematic to take antibiotics for viral diseases?

Which type of bacteria can grow in the presence or absence of oxygen?

Arrange the following layers from most external to most internal. 1 = Cell membrane 2 = Capsule 3 = Cell wall

Organisms that live optimally in cold temperatures are called barophiles .

Figure 26.1 -Answer the question using the accompanying figure. Which numbers identify structures that are found in all prokaryotes?

Figure 26.1 -Answer the question using the accompanying figure. Which number identifies a structure that is composed of polysaccharides?

An organism that obtains its carbon from CO2is a(n) ____.

If the peptidoglycan layer is between two plasma membranes in an organism, that organism is ____.

What are the primary evolutionary mechanisms that result in the great diversity and adaptation in prokaryotes?

Figure 26.2 -Answer the question using the accompanying figure. Which branch of this phylogenetic tree identifies Archaea?

Introduction to Biological Concepts and Research

Life, Chemistry, and Water

Biological Molecules: the Carbon Compounds of Life

Cells

Membranes and Transport

Energy, Enzymes, and Biological Reactions

Cellular Respiration: Harvesting Chemical Energy

Photosynthesis

Cell Communication

Cell Division and Mitosis

Meiosis: the Cellular Basis of Sexual Reproduction

Mendel, Genes, and Inheritance

Genes, Chromosomes, and Human Genetics

Dna Structure, Replication, and Organization

Gene Expression: From Dna to Protein

Regulation of Gene Expression

Bacterial and Viral Genetics

Dna Technology: Making and Using Genetically Altered Organisms, and Other Applications

Genomes and Proteomes

The Development of Evolutionary Thought

Microevolution: Genetic Changes Within Populations

Speciation

Paleobiology and Macroevolution

Systematic Biology: Phylogeny and Classification

The Origin of Life

Protists

Seedless Plants

Seed Plants

Fungi

Animal Phylogeny, Acoelomates, and Protostomes

Deuterostomes: Vertebrates and Their Closest Relatives

The Plant Body

Transport in Plants

Plant Nutrition

Reproduction and Development in Flowering Plants

Plant Signals and Responses to the Environment

Introduction to Animal Organization and Physiology

Information Flow and the Neuron

Nervous Systems

Sensory Systems

The Endocrine System

Muscles, Bones, and Body Movements

The Circulatory System

Defenses Against Disease

Gas Exchange: the Respiratory System

Digestive Systems and Animal Nutrition

Regulating the Internal Environment: Osmoregulation, Excretion, and Thermoregulation

Animal Reproduction

Animal Development

Ecology and the Biosphere

Population Ecology

Population Interactions and Community Ecology

Ecosystems

Biodiversity and Conservation Biology

Animal Behavior

Filters

An organism that obtains its carbon from CO₂is a(n) ____.