Exam 30: Fungi

Old man's beard ( Usnea trichodea ) and yellow Evernia lichens are sensitive to elevated levels of ____.

Reproduction in mucoromycetes is typically ____ via spores that form ____.

Production of sexual spores in basidiomycetes occurs on ____.

In a mycorrhizal association, the fungus benefits mainly by ____.

The general term for a state in which two or more species live together in close association is ____.

The substance that typically provides rigidity to fungal cell walls, and is also found in the external skeletons of insects and other arthropods, is called ____.

The tough, pliable body of a lichen is called a(n) ____.

Your favorite tree is dying, and you find that there is a fungal infection on its leaves. If you were to look at the cells of the infected leaves of your tree, which structure(s) would you expect to find?

Having aseptate hyphae, members of the phylum ____ are described as coenocytic since they have numerous nuclei in a common cytoplasm.

The first fungi were most likely ____.

Fungi generally digest large organic molecules ____.

Ramalina lichens are damaged by nitrates.

The toxin found in Amanita phalloides has deadly effects on humans because it inhibits ____.

Fungi were present on land at least 500 million years ago.

The mushroom structure of a fungus usually represents a small fraction of the organism's total mass.

All fungi can reproduce via ____.

A cell cluster with both algal and hyphal cells that is used for asexual reproduction in lichens is called a(n) ____.

The fusion of the cytoplasms of two genetically different cells is known as ____.