Question 1

Why is it important that an experiment include a control group?

Accepted Answer

A) The control group is the group that the researcher is in control of, the group in which the researcher predetermines the results. 
B) The control group provides a reserve of experimental subjects. 
C) A control group is required for the development of an "If…then" statement. 
D) A control group assures that an experiment will be repeatable. 
E) Without a control group, there is no basis for knowing if a particular result is due to the variable being tested. 
A) The control group is the group that the researcher is in control of, the group in which the researcher predetermines the results. 
B) The control group provides a reserve of experimental subjects. 
C) A control group is required for the development of an "If…then" statement. 
D) A control group assures that an experiment will be repeatable. 
E) Without a control group, there is no basis for knowing if a particular result is due to the variable being tested.

Question 2

The following is a list of biology themes discussed in Chapter 1. Use them to answer the questions below.
I. New properties emerge at each level in the biological hierarchy.
II. Organisms interact with other organisms and the physical environment.
III. Life requires energy transfer and transformation.
IV. Structure and function are correlated at all levels of biological organization.
V. Cells are an organism's basic units of structure and function.
VI. The continuity of life is based on heritable information in the form of DNA.
VII. Feedback mechanisms regulate biological systems.
VIII. Evolution accounts for the unity and diversity of life.
-Which theme(s)is/are best illustrated by a group of investigators who are trying to classify and explain the ecology of the community living within a specific region of prairie grassland?

Accepted Answer

A) I only 
B) II only 
C) VIII only 
D) IV and VI 
E) I and II 
A) I only 
B) II only 
C) VIII only 
D) IV and VI 
E) I and II

Question 3

In a hypothetical world, every 50 years people over 6 feet tall are eliminated from the population before they reproduce. Based on your knowledge of natural selection, you would predict that the average height of the human population will

Accepted Answer

A) remain unchanged. 
B) gradually decline. 
C) rapidly decline. 
D) gradually increase. 
E) rapidly increase. 
A) remain unchanged. 
B) gradually decline. 
C) rapidly decline. 
D) gradually increase. 
E) rapidly increase.

Question 4

The observation that a whale's front flippers have the same bone structure as all mammalian forelimbs suggests that

Accepted Answer

A) all mammals descended from a common ancestor. 
B) whales once walked on land. 
C) whales show remarkable diversity. 
D) land mammals originally came from the sea. 
E) there must have been land and aquatic ancestors that coevolved. 
A) all mammals descended from a common ancestor. 
B) whales once walked on land. 
C) whales show remarkable diversity. 
D) land mammals originally came from the sea. 
E) there must have been land and aquatic ancestors that coevolved.

Question 5

Use the following information to answer the questions below.
Golden algae are a group of photosynthetic protists whose colour is due to carotenoid pigments: yellow and brown. A group of students was given a significant sample of golden algae (Dinobryon); this algae is colonial and has flagella. Their instructions for the project were to design two or more experiments that could be done with these organisms.
  
-Since these organisms are protists, which of these characteristics could the students assume to be true?

Accepted Answer

A) The organisms are photosynthetic. 
B) All of them are marine. 
C) They are single-celled. 
D) They have membrane-bound organelles. 
E) Each has a single circular molecule of DNA. 
A) The organisms are photosynthetic. 
B) All of them are marine. 
C) They are single-celled. 
D) They have membrane-bound organelles. 
E) Each has a single circular molecule of DNA.

Question 6

Protists and bacteria are grouped into different domains because

Accepted Answer

A) protists eat bacteria. 
B) bacteria are not made of cells. 
C) protists have a membrane-bounded nucleus, which bacterial cells lack. 
D) bacteria decompose protists. 
E) protists are photosynthetic. 
A) protists eat bacteria. 
B) bacteria are not made of cells. 
C) protists have a membrane-bounded nucleus, which bacterial cells lack. 
D) bacteria decompose protists. 
E) protists are photosynthetic.

Question 7

Use the following information to answer the questions below.
  
-You know Figure A is an eukaryote because

Accepted Answer

A) it has no defined nucleus. 
B) a membrane surrounds it completely. 
C) internal membrane-bound structures are visible. 
D) it is larger than B. 
E) it is not perfectly smooth. 
A) it has no defined nucleus. 
B) a membrane surrounds it completely. 
C) internal membrane-bound structures are visible. 
D) it is larger than B. 
E) it is not perfectly smooth.

Question 8

The following is a list of biology themes discussed in Chapter 1. Use them to answer the questions below.
I. New properties emerge at each level in the biological hierarchy.
II. Organisms interact with other organisms and the physical environment.
III. Life requires energy transfer and transformation.
IV. Structure and function are correlated at all levels of biological organization.
V. Cells are an organism's basic units of structure and function.
VI. The continuity of life is based on heritable information in the form of DNA.
VII. Feedback mechanisms regulate biological systems.
VIII. Evolution accounts for the unity and diversity of life.
-Which theme(s)is/are best illustrated by an experiment in which a biologist seeks a medication that will inhibit pain responses in a cancer patient?

Accepted Answer

A) II 
B) VII 
C) III and V 
D) V and VIII 
E) VI and VII 
A) II 
B) VII 
C) III and V 
D) V and VIII 
E) VI and VII

Question 9

The following is a list of biology themes discussed in Chapter 1. Use them to answer the questions below.
I. New properties emerge at each level in the biological hierarchy.
II. Organisms interact with other organisms and the physical environment.
III. Life requires energy transfer and transformation.
IV. Structure and function are correlated at all levels of biological organization.
V. Cells are an organism's basic units of structure and function.
VI. The continuity of life is based on heritable information in the form of DNA.
VII. Feedback mechanisms regulate biological systems.
VIII. Evolution accounts for the unity and diversity of life.
-Which theme(s)is/are illustrated when a group of students is trying to establish which phase of cell division in root tips happens most quickly?

Accepted Answer

A) IV only 
B) V only 
C) VII only 
D) IV, V, and VI 
E) V, VI, and VII 
A) IV only 
B) V only 
C) VII only 
D) IV, V, and VI 
E) V, VI, and VII

Question 10

Which of the following best describes what occurred after the publication of Charles Darwin's On the Origin of Species?

Accepted Answer

A) The book received little attention except from a small scientific community. 
B) The book was banned from schools. 
C) The book was widely discussed and disseminated. 
D) The book's authorship was disputed. 
E) The book was discredited by most scientists. 
A) The book received little attention except from a small scientific community. 
B) The book was banned from schools. 
C) The book was widely discussed and disseminated. 
D) The book's authorship was disputed. 
E) The book was discredited by most scientists.

Question 11

Given the cooperativity of science, which of the following is most likely to result in an investigator being intellectually looked down upon by other scientists?

Accepted Answer

A) Making money as the result of studies in which a new medication is discovered. 
B) Doing meticulous experiments that show data that contradict what has been previously reported by the scientific community. 
C) Spending most of a lifetime investigating a small and seemingly unimportant organism. 
D) Getting negative results from the same set of experiments. 
E) Being found to have falsified or created data to better fit a hypothesis. 
A) Making money as the result of studies in which a new medication is discovered. 
B) Doing meticulous experiments that show data that contradict what has been previously reported by the scientific community. 
C) Spending most of a lifetime investigating a small and seemingly unimportant organism. 
D) Getting negative results from the same set of experiments. 
E) Being found to have falsified or created data to better fit a hypothesis.

Question 12

Why is Darwin considered original in his thinking?

Accepted Answer

A) He provided examples of organisms that had evolved over time. 
B) He demonstrated that evolution is continuing to occur now. 
C) He described the relationship between genes and evolution. 
D) He proposed the mechanism that explained how evolution takes place. 
E) He observed that organisms produce large numbers of offspring. 
A) He provided examples of organisms that had evolved over time. 
B) He demonstrated that evolution is continuing to occur now. 
C) He described the relationship between genes and evolution. 
D) He proposed the mechanism that explained how evolution takes place. 
E) He observed that organisms produce large numbers of offspring.

Question 13

Use the following information to answer the questions below.
Golden algae are a group of photosynthetic protists whose colour is due to carotenoid pigments: yellow and brown. A group of students was given a significant sample of golden algae (Dinobryon); this algae is colonial and has flagella. Their instructions for the project were to design two or more experiments that could be done with these organisms.
  
-For their second experiment, the students want to know whether the Dinobryon have to live in colonies or can be free living. How might they proceed?

Accepted Answer

A) Observe each day to see whether new organisms are ever reproduced as single cells. 
B) Observe whether only specialized cells are able to divide to produce new colonies. 
C) Divide a sample into single cells and measure the length of time they remain this way. 
D) Divide a sample into single cells and observe them. 
E) Divide a sample into single cells and see whether they come back together. 
A) Observe each day to see whether new organisms are ever reproduced as single cells. 
B) Observe whether only specialized cells are able to divide to produce new colonies. 
C) Divide a sample into single cells and measure the length of time they remain this way. 
D) Divide a sample into single cells and observe them. 
E) Divide a sample into single cells and see whether they come back together.

Question 14

Charles Darwin proposed a mechanism for descent with modification that stated that organisms of a particular species are adapted to their environment when they possess

Accepted Answer

A) non-inheritable traits that enhance their survival in the local environment. 
B) non-inheritable traits that enhance their reproductive success in the local environment. 
C) non-inheritable traits that enhance their survival and reproductive success in the local environment. 
D) inheritable traits that enhance their survival and reproductive success in the local environment. 
E) inheritable traits that decrease their survival and reproductive success in the local environment. 
A) non-inheritable traits that enhance their survival in the local environment. 
B) non-inheritable traits that enhance their reproductive success in the local environment. 
C) non-inheritable traits that enhance their survival and reproductive success in the local environment. 
D) inheritable traits that enhance their survival and reproductive success in the local environment. 
E) inheritable traits that decrease their survival and reproductive success in the local environment.

Question 15

Which of these individuals is likely to be most successful in an evolutionary sense?

Accepted Answer

A) a reproductively sterile individual who never falls ill 
B) an organism that dies after five days of life but leaves 10 offspring, all of whom survive to reproduce 
C) a male who mates with 20 females and fathers one offspring 
D) an organism that lives 100 years and leaves two offspring, both of whom survive to reproduce 
E) a female who mates with 20 males and produces one offspring that lives to reproduce 
A) a reproductively sterile individual who never falls ill 
B) an organism that dies after five days of life but leaves 10 offspring, all of whom survive to reproduce 
C) a male who mates with 20 females and fathers one offspring 
D) an organism that lives 100 years and leaves two offspring, both of whom survive to reproduce 
E) a female who mates with 20 males and produces one offspring that lives to reproduce

Question 16

Which of the following is a correct sequence of levels in life's hierarchy, proceeding downward from an individual animal?

Accepted Answer

A) brain, organ system, nerve cell, nervous tissue 
B) organ system, nervous tissue, brain 
C) organism, organ system, tissue, cell, organ 
D) nervous system, brain, nervous tissue, nerve cell 
E) organ system, tissue, molecule, cell 
A) brain, organ system, nerve cell, nervous tissue 
B) organ system, nervous tissue, brain 
C) organism, organ system, tissue, cell, organ 
D) nervous system, brain, nervous tissue, nerve cell 
E) organ system, tissue, molecule, cell

Question 17

Which of the following is not an observation or inference on which Darwin's theory of natural selection is based?

Accepted Answer

A) Poorly adapted individuals never produce offspring. 
B) There is heritable variation among individuals. 
C) Because of overproduction of offspring, there is competition for limited resources. 
D) Individuals whose inherited characteristics best fit them to the environment will generally produce more offspring. 
E) A population can become adapted to its environment over time. 
A) Poorly adapted individuals never produce offspring. 
B) There is heritable variation among individuals. 
C) Because of overproduction of offspring, there is competition for limited resources. 
D) Individuals whose inherited characteristics best fit them to the environment will generally produce more offspring. 
E) A population can become adapted to its environment over time.

Question 18

The method of scientific inquiry that draws conclusions from careful observation and the analysis of data is known as

Accepted Answer

A) hypothesis-based science. 
B) deductive reasoning. 
C) inductive reasoning. 
D) quantitative science. 
E) qualitative science. 
A) hypothesis-based science. 
B) deductive reasoning. 
C) inductive reasoning. 
D) quantitative science. 
E) qualitative science.

Question 19

Which of the following are qualities of any good scientific hypothesis? I. It is testable.
II. It is falsifiable.
III. It produces quantitative data.
IV. It produces results that can be replicated.

Accepted Answer

A) I only 
B) II only 
C) III only 
D) I and II 
E) III and IV 
A) I only 
B) II only 
C) III only 
D) I and II 
E) III and IV

Question 20

Global warming, as demonstrated by observations such as melting of glaciers, increasing CO₂ levels, and increasing average ambient temperatures, has already had many effects on living organisms. Which of the following might best offer a solution to this problem?

Accepted Answer

A) Continue to measure these and other parameters of the problem. 
B) Increase the abilities of animals to migrate to more suitable habitats. 
C) Do nothing; nature will attain its own balance. 
D) Limit the burning of fossil fuels and regulate our loss of forested areas. 
E) Recycle as much as possible. 
A) Continue to measure these and other parameters of the problem. 
B) Increase the abilities of animals to migrate to more suitable habitats. 
C) Do nothing; nature will attain its own balance. 
D) Limit the burning of fossil fuels and regulate our loss of forested areas. 
E) Recycle as much as possible.

Exam 1: Introduction: Evolution and Themes of Biology

Why is it important that an experiment include a control group?

In a hypothetical world, every 50 years people over 6 feet tall are eliminated from the population before they reproduce. Based on your knowledge of natural selection, you would predict that the average height of the human population will

The observation that a whale's front flippers have the same bone structure as all mammalian forelimbs suggests that

Protists and bacteria are grouped into different domains because

Use the following information to answer the questions below. -You know Figure A is an eukaryote because

Which of the following best describes what occurred after the publication of Charles Darwin's On the Origin of Species?

Given the cooperativity of science, which of the following is most likely to result in an investigator being intellectually looked down upon by other scientists?

Why is Darwin considered original in his thinking?

Charles Darwin proposed a mechanism for descent with modification that stated that organisms of a particular species are adapted to their environment when they possess

Which of these individuals is likely to be most successful in an evolutionary sense?

Which of the following is a correct sequence of levels in life's hierarchy, proceeding downward from an individual animal?

Which of the following is not an observation or inference on which Darwin's theory of natural selection is based?

The method of scientific inquiry that draws conclusions from careful observation and the analysis of data is known as

Which of the following are qualities of any good scientific hypothesis? I. It is testable. II. It is falsifiable. III. It produces quantitative data. IV. It produces results that can be replicated.

Global warming, as demonstrated by observations such as melting of glaciers, increasing CO₂ levels, and increasing average ambient temperatures, has already had many effects on living organisms. Which of the following might best offer a solution to this problem?

The Chemical Context of Life

Water and Life

Carbon and the Molecular Diversity of Life

The Structure and Function of Large Biological Molecules

A Tour of the Cell

Membrane Structure and Function

An Introduction to Metabolism

Cellular Respiration and Fermentation

Photosynthesis

Cell Communication

The Cell Cycle

Meiosis and Sexual Life Cycles

Mendel and the Gene Idea

The Chromosomal Basis of Inheritance

The Molecular Basis of Inheritance

From Gene to Protein

Regulation of Gene Expression

Viruses

Dna Tools and Biotechnology

Genomes and Their Evolution

Descent With Modification: a Darwinian View of Life

The Evolution of Populations

The Origin of Species

The History of Life on Earth

Phylogeny and the Tree of Life

Bacteria and Archaea

Protists

Plant Diversity I: How Plants Colonized Land

Plant Diversity Ii: the Evolution of Seed Plants

Fungi

An Overview of Animal Diversity

An Introduction to Invertebrates

The Origin and Evolution of Vertebrates

Plant Structure, Growth, and Development

Resource Acquisition and Transport in Vascular Plants

Soil and Plant Nutrition

Angiosperm Reproduction and Biotechnology

Plant Responses to Internal and External Signals

Basic Principles of Animal Form and Function

Animal Nutrition

Circulation and Gas Exchange

The Immune System

Osmoregulation and Excretion

Hormones and the Endocrine System

Animal Reproduction

Animal Development

Neurons, Synapses, and Signalling

Nervous Systems

Sensory and Motor Mechanisms

Animal Behaviour

An Introduction to Ecology and the Biosphere

Population Ecology

Community Ecology

Ecosystems and Restoration Ecology

Conservation Biology and Global Change

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