Question 1

The bonding of two amino acid molecules to form a larger molecule requires

Accepted Answer

A) the release of a water molecule. 
B) the release of a carbon dioxide molecule. 
C) the addition of a nitrogen atom. 
D) the addition of a water molecule. 
E) the release of a nitrous oxide molecule. 
A) the release of a water molecule. 
B) the release of a carbon dioxide molecule. 
C) the addition of a nitrogen atom. 
D) the addition of a water molecule. 
E) the release of a nitrous oxide molecule.

Question 2

Which bonds are created during the formation of the primary structure of a protein?

Accepted Answer

A) peptide bonds 
B) hydrogen bonds 
C) disulphide bonds 
D) phosphodiester bonds 
E) peptide bonds, hydrogen bonds, and disulphide bonds 
A) peptide bonds 
B) hydrogen bonds 
C) disulphide bonds 
D) phosphodiester bonds 
E) peptide bonds, hydrogen bonds, and disulphide bonds

Question 3

Use the following information to answer the questions below.
You have just had a breakfast of toast (high-fibre bread) with butter and jam (no added sugar) along with a glass of milk.
-The enzyme amylase can break glycosidic linkages between glucose monomers only if the monomers are in the α form. Which of the following could amylase break down?

Accepted Answer

A) glycogen, starch, and amylopectin 
B) glycogen and cellulose 
C) cellulose and chitin 
D) starch and chitin 
E) starch, amylopectin, and cellulose 
A) glycogen, starch, and amylopectin 
B) glycogen and cellulose 
C) cellulose and chitin 
D) starch and chitin 
E) starch, amylopectin, and cellulose

Question 4

Which of the following is not a polymer?

Accepted Answer

A) glucose 
B) starch 
C) cellulose 
D) chitin 
E) DNA 
A) glucose 
B) starch 
C) cellulose 
D) chitin 
E) DNA

Question 5

Use the following information to answer the questions below.
You have just had a breakfast of toast (high-fibre bread) with butter and jam (no added sugar) along with a glass of milk.
-The molecular formula for glucose is C₆H₁₂O₆. What would be the molecular formula for a polymer made by linking ten glucose molecules together by dehydration reactions?

Accepted Answer

A) C₆₀H₁₂₀O₆₀ 
B) C₆H₁₂O₆ 
C) C₆₀H₁₀₂O₅₁ 
D) C₆₀H₁₀₀O₅₀ 
E) C₆₀H₁₁₁O₅₁ 
A) C₆₀H₁₂₀O₆₀ 
B) C₆H₁₂O₆ 
C) C₆₀H₁₀₂O₅₁ 
D) C₆₀H₁₀₀O₅₀ 
E) C₆₀H₁₁₁O₅₁

Question 6

There are 20 different amino acids. What makes one amino acid different from another?

Accepted Answer

A) different side chains (R groups)attached to a carboxyl carbon 
B) different side chains (R groups)attached to the amino groups 
C) different side chains (R groups)attached to an α carbon 
D) different structural and optical isomers 
E) different asymmetric carbons 
A) different side chains (R groups)attached to a carboxyl carbon 
B) different side chains (R groups)attached to the amino groups 
C) different side chains (R groups)attached to an α carbon 
D) different structural and optical isomers 
E) different asymmetric carbons

Question 7

Misfolding of polypeptides is a serious problem in cells. Which of the following diseases are associated with an accumulation of misfolded polypeptides?

Accepted Answer

A) Alzheimer's only 
B) Parkinson's only 
C) diabetes mellitus only 
D) Alzheimer's and Parkinson's only 
E) Alzheimer's, Parkinson's, and diabetes mellitus 
A) Alzheimer's only 
B) Parkinson's only 
C) diabetes mellitus only 
D) Alzheimer's and Parkinson's only 
E) Alzheimer's, Parkinson's, and diabetes mellitus

Question 8

The following questions are based on the 15 molecules illustrated in the figure below. Each molecule may be used once, more than once, or not at all.
  
-A fat (or triacylglycerol)would be formed as a result of a dehydration reaction between

Accepted Answer

A) one molecule of 9 and three molecules of 10. 
B) three molecules of 9 and one molecule of 10. 
C) one molecule of 5 and three molecules of 9. 
D) three molecules of 5 and one molecule of 9. 
E) one molecule of 5 and three molecules of 10. 
A) one molecule of 9 and three molecules of 10. 
B) three molecules of 9 and one molecule of 10. 
C) one molecule of 5 and three molecules of 9. 
D) three molecules of 5 and one molecule of 9. 
E) one molecule of 5 and three molecules of 10.

Question 9

The following questions are based on the 15 molecules illustrated in the figure below. Each molecule may be used once, more than once, or not at all.
  
-Which of the following statements is false?

Accepted Answer

A) Molecules 1 and 4 could be joined together by a glycosidic linkage to form a disaccharide. 
B) Molecules 9 and 10 could be joined together by ester bonds to form a triacylglycerol. 
C) Molecules 2 and 7 could be joined together to form a short peptide. 
D) Molecules 2, 7, and 8 could be joined together to form a short peptide. 
E) Molecules 14 and 15 could be joined together to form a polypeptide. 
A) Molecules 1 and 4 could be joined together by a glycosidic linkage to form a disaccharide. 
B) Molecules 9 and 10 could be joined together by ester bonds to form a triacylglycerol. 
C) Molecules 2 and 7 could be joined together to form a short peptide. 
D) Molecules 2, 7, and 8 could be joined together to form a short peptide. 
E) Molecules 14 and 15 could be joined together to form a polypeptide.

Question 10

If a DNA sample were composed of 10% thymine, what would be the percentage of guanine?

Accepted Answer

A) 10 
B) 20 
C) 40 
D) 80 
E) impossible to tell from the information given 
A) 10 
B) 20 
C) 40 
D) 80 
E) impossible to tell from the information given

Question 11

Which class of biological molecules are grouped together because its monomers contain both a nitrogenous base and a five-carbon sugar?

Accepted Answer

A) carbohydrates 
B) lipids 
C) proteins 
D) nucleic acids 
E) This is not a criterion for grouping molecules. 
A) carbohydrates 
B) lipids 
C) proteins 
D) nucleic acids 
E) This is not a criterion for grouping molecules.

Question 12

Use the following figure to answer the questions below.
  
-The molecule shown in the figure above is a(n)

Accepted Answer

A) polysaccharide. 
B) polypeptide. 
C) saturated fatty acid. 
D) triacylglycerol. 
E) unsaturated fatty acid. 
A) polysaccharide. 
B) polypeptide. 
C) saturated fatty acid. 
D) triacylglycerol. 
E) unsaturated fatty acid.

Question 13

The genome of humans and chimpanzees are ________ identical.

Accepted Answer

A) less than 50% 
B) 70-75% 
C) 85-90% 
D) 95-98% 
E) 100% 
A) less than 50% 
B) 70-75% 
C) 85-90% 
D) 95-98% 
E) 100%

Question 14

Humans and mice differ because

Accepted Answer

A) their cells have different small organic molecules. 
B) their cells make different types of large biological molecules. 
C) their cells make different types of lipids. 
D) their cells have some differences in the sequence of nucleotides in their nucleic acids. 
E) their cells make different types of proteins. 
A) their cells have different small organic molecules. 
B) their cells make different types of large biological molecules. 
C) their cells make different types of lipids. 
D) their cells have some differences in the sequence of nucleotides in their nucleic acids. 
E) their cells make different types of proteins.

Question 15

Upon chemical analysis, a particular polypeptide was found to contain 100 amino acids. How many peptide bonds are present in this protein?

Accepted Answer

A) 101 
B) 100 
C) 99 
D) 98 
E) 97 
A) 101 
B) 100 
C) 99 
D) 98 
E) 97

Question 16

At which level of protein structure are interactions between the side chains (R groups)most important?

Accepted Answer

A) primary 
B) secondary 
C) tertiary 
D) quaternary 
E) all of the above 
A) primary 
B) secondary 
C) tertiary 
D) quaternary 
E) all of the above

Question 17

Use the following figure to answer the questions below.
  
-Which of the following statements is true regarding the molecule illustrated in the above figure?

Accepted Answer

A) It is a saturated fatty acid. 
B) A diet rich in this molecule may contribute to atherosclerosis. 
C) Molecules of this type are usually liquid at room temperature. 
D) It is a saturated fatty acid and a diet rich in this molecule may contribute to atherosclerosis. 
E) It is a saturated fatty acid, a diet rich in this molecule may contribute to atherosclerosis, and molecules of this type are usually liquid at room temperature. 
A) It is a saturated fatty acid. 
B) A diet rich in this molecule may contribute to atherosclerosis. 
C) Molecules of this type are usually liquid at room temperature. 
D) It is a saturated fatty acid and a diet rich in this molecule may contribute to atherosclerosis. 
E) It is a saturated fatty acid, a diet rich in this molecule may contribute to atherosclerosis, and molecules of this type are usually liquid at room temperature.

Question 18

-The structure depicted in the above figure shows the

Accepted Answer

A) 1-4 linkage of the α glucose monomers of starch. 
B) 1-4 linkage of the β glucose monomers of cellulose. 
C) double-helical structure of a DNA molecule. 
D) α helix secondary structure of a polypeptide. 
E) β pleated sheet secondary structure of a polypeptide. 
A) 1-4 linkage of the α glucose monomers of starch. 
B) 1-4 linkage of the β glucose monomers of cellulose. 
C) double-helical structure of a DNA molecule. 
D) α helix secondary structure of a polypeptide. 
E) β pleated sheet secondary structure of a polypeptide.

Question 19

The basis for diversity, both within a species and among species, is a result of the

Accepted Answer

A) arrangement of a few base molecules into many different macromolecular combinations. 
B) shared structures of polymers and lipids. 
C) infinite number of base molecules to build from. 
D) ratio of lipid to protein. 
E) fact that some individuals have mutations. 
A) arrangement of a few base molecules into many different macromolecular combinations. 
B) shared structures of polymers and lipids. 
C) infinite number of base molecules to build from. 
D) ratio of lipid to protein. 
E) fact that some individuals have mutations.

Question 20

Use the following information to answer the questions below.
You have just had a breakfast of toast (high-fibre bread) with butter and jam (no added sugar) along with a glass of milk.
-Enzymes that break down DNA catalyze the hydrolysis of the covalent bonds that join nucleotides together. What would happen to DNA molecules treated with these enzymes?

Accepted Answer

A) The two strands of the double helix would separate. 
B) The phosphodiester linkages of the polynucleotide backbone would be broken. 
C) The purines would be separated from the deoxyribose sugars. 
D) The pyrimidines would be separated from the deoxyribose sugars. 
E) All bases would be separated from the deoxyribose sugars. 
A) The two strands of the double helix would separate. 
B) The phosphodiester linkages of the polynucleotide backbone would be broken. 
C) The purines would be separated from the deoxyribose sugars. 
D) The pyrimidines would be separated from the deoxyribose sugars. 
E) All bases would be separated from the deoxyribose sugars.

Exam 5: The Structure and Function of Large Biological Molecules

The bonding of two amino acid molecules to form a larger molecule requires

Which bonds are created during the formation of the primary structure of a protein?

Which of the following is not a polymer?

There are 20 different amino acids. What makes one amino acid different from another?

Misfolding of polypeptides is a serious problem in cells. Which of the following diseases are associated with an accumulation of misfolded polypeptides?

The following questions are based on the 15 molecules illustrated in the figure below. Each molecule may be used once, more than once, or not at all. -A fat (or triacylglycerol)would be formed as a result of a dehydration reaction between

The following questions are based on the 15 molecules illustrated in the figure below. Each molecule may be used once, more than once, or not at all. -Which of the following statements is false?

If a DNA sample were composed of 10% thymine, what would be the percentage of guanine?

Which class of biological molecules are grouped together because its monomers contain both a nitrogenous base and a five-carbon sugar?

Use the following figure to answer the questions below. -The molecule shown in the figure above is a(n)

The genome of humans and chimpanzees are ________ identical.

Humans and mice differ because

Upon chemical analysis, a particular polypeptide was found to contain 100 amino acids. How many peptide bonds are present in this protein?

At which level of protein structure are interactions between the side chains (R groups)most important?

Use the following figure to answer the questions below. -Which of the following statements is true regarding the molecule illustrated in the above figure?

-The structure depicted in the above figure shows the

The basis for diversity, both within a species and among species, is a result of the

Introduction: Evolution and Themes of Biology

The Chemical Context of Life

Water and Life

Carbon and the Molecular Diversity of Life

A Tour of the Cell

Membrane Structure and Function

An Introduction to Metabolism

Cellular Respiration and Fermentation

Photosynthesis

Cell Communication

The Cell Cycle

Meiosis and Sexual Life Cycles

Mendel and the Gene Idea

The Chromosomal Basis of Inheritance

The Molecular Basis of Inheritance

From Gene to Protein

Regulation of Gene Expression

Viruses

Dna Tools and Biotechnology

Genomes and Their Evolution

Descent With Modification: a Darwinian View of Life

The Evolution of Populations

The Origin of Species

The History of Life on Earth

Phylogeny and the Tree of Life

Bacteria and Archaea

Protists

Plant Diversity I: How Plants Colonized Land

Plant Diversity Ii: the Evolution of Seed Plants

Fungi

An Overview of Animal Diversity

An Introduction to Invertebrates

The Origin and Evolution of Vertebrates

Plant Structure, Growth, and Development

Resource Acquisition and Transport in Vascular Plants

Soil and Plant Nutrition

Angiosperm Reproduction and Biotechnology

Plant Responses to Internal and External Signals

Basic Principles of Animal Form and Function

Animal Nutrition

Circulation and Gas Exchange

The Immune System

Osmoregulation and Excretion

Hormones and the Endocrine System

Animal Reproduction

Animal Development

Neurons, Synapses, and Signalling

Nervous Systems

Sensory and Motor Mechanisms

Animal Behaviour

An Introduction to Ecology and the Biosphere

Population Ecology

Community Ecology

Ecosystems and Restoration Ecology

Conservation Biology and Global Change

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