Question 1

Which cells are no longer capable of carrying out the process of DNA transcription?

Accepted Answer

A) tracheids 
B) mature mesophyll cells 
C) companion cells 
D) meristematic cells 
E) glandular cells 
A) tracheids 
B) mature mesophyll cells 
C) companion cells 
D) meristematic cells 
E) glandular cells

Question 2

The phase change of an apical meristem from the juvenile to the mature vegetative phase is often revealed by

Accepted Answer

A) a change in the morphology of the leaves produced. 
B) the initiation of secondary growth. 
C) the formation of lateral roots. 
D) a change in the orientation of preprophase bands and cytoplasmic microtubules in lateral meristems. 
E) the activation of floral meristem identity genes. 
A) a change in the morphology of the leaves produced. 
B) the initiation of secondary growth. 
C) the formation of lateral roots. 
D) a change in the orientation of preprophase bands and cytoplasmic microtubules in lateral meristems. 
E) the activation of floral meristem identity genes.

Question 3

The innermost layer of the root cortex is the

Accepted Answer

A) core. 
B) pericycle. 
C) endodermis. 
D) pith. 
E) vascular cambium. 
A) core. 
B) pericycle. 
C) endodermis. 
D) pith. 
E) vascular cambium.

Question 4

One major advantage of using Arabidopsis thaliana as a model system for studies of plant form and function is its

Accepted Answer

A) fast generation time. 
B) exceptionally large genome. 
C) large seeds. 
D) high tolerance to stress. 
E) high mutation rate. 
A) fast generation time. 
B) exceptionally large genome. 
C) large seeds. 
D) high tolerance to stress. 
E) high mutation rate.

Question 5

The following questions are based on the drawing of root or stem cross sections shown below.
  
-A woody eudicot is represented by

Accepted Answer

A) I only. 
B) II only. 
C) III only. 
D) IV only. 
E) both I and III. 
A) I only. 
B) II only. 
C) III only. 
D) IV only. 
E) both I and III.

Question 6

While studying the plant Arabidopsis, a botanist finds that an RNA probe produces coloured spots in the sepals of the plant. From this information, what can be inferred?

Accepted Answer

A) The differently coloured plants will attract different pollinating insects. 
B) The RNA probe is transported only to certain tissues. 
C) The coloured regions were caused by mutations that occurred in the sepals. 
D) The RNA probe is specific to a gene active in sepals. 
E) More research needs to be done on the sepals of Arabidopsis. 
A) The differently coloured plants will attract different pollinating insects. 
B) The RNA probe is transported only to certain tissues. 
C) The coloured regions were caused by mutations that occurred in the sepals. 
D) The RNA probe is specific to a gene active in sepals. 
E) More research needs to be done on the sepals of Arabidopsis.

Question 7

If you were able to walk into an opening cut into the centre of a large redwood tree, when you exit from the middle of the trunk (stem)outward, you would cross, in order,

Accepted Answer

A) the annual rings, new xylem, vascular cambium, phloem, and bark. 
B) the secondary xylem, cork cambium, phloem, and periderm. 
C) the vascular cambium, oldest xylem, and newest xylem. 
D) the secondary xylem, secondary phloem, and vascular cambium. 
E) the summer wood, bark, and phloem. 
A) the annual rings, new xylem, vascular cambium, phloem, and bark. 
B) the secondary xylem, cork cambium, phloem, and periderm. 
C) the vascular cambium, oldest xylem, and newest xylem. 
D) the secondary xylem, secondary phloem, and vascular cambium. 
E) the summer wood, bark, and phloem.

Question 8

An organism inherits genetic information from its parents, but it is also influenced by its environment. The ability of plants to alter their form in response to local environmental conditions is referred to as

Accepted Answer

A) morphological differences. 
B) genetic influences. 
C) environmental pressures. 
D) phenotypic or developmental plasticity. 
E) adaptability. 
A) morphological differences. 
B) genetic influences. 
C) environmental pressures. 
D) phenotypic or developmental plasticity. 
E) adaptability.

Question 9

Land plants are composed of all of the following tissue types except

Accepted Answer

A) mesodermal. 
B) epidermal. 
C) meristematic. 
D) vascular. 
E) ground tissue. 
A) mesodermal. 
B) epidermal. 
C) meristematic. 
D) vascular. 
E) ground tissue.

Question 10

A plant has the following characteristics: a taproot system, several growth rings evident in a cross section of the stem, and a layer of bark around the outside. Which of the following best describes the plant?

Accepted Answer

A) herbaceous eudicot 
B) woody eudicot 
C) woody monocot 
D) herbaceous monocot 
E) woody annual 
A) herbaceous eudicot 
B) woody eudicot 
C) woody monocot 
D) herbaceous monocot 
E) woody annual

Question 11

Which of the following statements is false?

Accepted Answer

A) A preprophase band determines where a cell plate will form in a dividing cell. 
B) The way in which a plant cell differentiates is determined by the cell's position in the developing plant body. 
C) Homeotic genes often control morphogenesis. 
D) Plant cells differentiate because the cytoskeleton determines which genes will be turned "on" and "off." 
E) Arabidopsis was the first plant to have its genome sequenced. 
A) A preprophase band determines where a cell plate will form in a dividing cell. 
B) The way in which a plant cell differentiates is determined by the cell's position in the developing plant body. 
C) Homeotic genes often control morphogenesis. 
D) Plant cells differentiate because the cytoskeleton determines which genes will be turned "on" and "off." 
E) Arabidopsis was the first plant to have its genome sequenced.

Question 12

________ is to xylem as ________ is to phloem.

Accepted Answer

A) Sclerenchyma cell; collenchyma cell 
B) Apical meristem; vascular cambium 
C) Vessel element; sieve-tube member 
D) Cortex; pith 
E) Vascular cambium; cork cambium 
A) Sclerenchyma cell; collenchyma cell 
B) Apical meristem; vascular cambium 
C) Vessel element; sieve-tube member 
D) Cortex; pith 
E) Vascular cambium; cork cambium

Question 13

Before differentiation can begin during the processes of plant cell and tissue culture, parenchyma cells from the source tissue must

Accepted Answer

A) differentiate into procambium. 
B) undergo dedifferentiation. 
C) increase the number of chromosomes in their nuclei. 
D) enzymatically digest their primary cell walls. 
E) establish a new polarity in their cytoplasm. 
A) differentiate into procambium. 
B) undergo dedifferentiation. 
C) increase the number of chromosomes in their nuclei. 
D) enzymatically digest their primary cell walls. 
E) establish a new polarity in their cytoplasm.

Question 14

Which of the following have unevenly thickened primary walls that support young, growing parts of the plant?

Accepted Answer

A) parenchyma cells 
B) collenchyma cells 
C) sclerenchyma cells 
D) tracheids and vessel elements 
E) sieve-tube elements 
A) parenchyma cells 
B) collenchyma cells 
C) sclerenchyma cells 
D) tracheids and vessel elements 
E) sieve-tube elements

Question 15

Gas exchange, which is necessary for photosynthesis, can occur most easily in which leaf tissue?

Accepted Answer

A) epidermis 
B) palisade mesophyll 
C) spongy mesophyll 
D) vascular tissue 
E) bundle sheath 
A) epidermis 
B) palisade mesophyll 
C) spongy mesophyll 
D) vascular tissue 
E) bundle sheath

Question 16

What effect does "pinching back" have on a houseplant?

Accepted Answer

A) increases apical dominance 
B) inhibits the growth of lateral buds 
C) produces a plant that will grow taller 
D) stimulates lateral buds to grow 
E) increases the flow of auxin down the shoot 
A) increases apical dominance 
B) inhibits the growth of lateral buds 
C) produces a plant that will grow taller 
D) stimulates lateral buds to grow 
E) increases the flow of auxin down the shoot

Question 17

Pores on the leaf surface that function in gas exchange are called

Accepted Answer

A) hairs. 
B) xylem cells. 
C) phloem cells. 
D) stomata. 
E) sclereids. 
A) hairs. 
B) xylem cells. 
C) phloem cells. 
D) stomata. 
E) sclereids.

Question 18

Plants contain meristems whose major function is to

Accepted Answer

A) attract pollinators. 
B) absorb ions. 
C) photosynthesize. 
D) produce more cells. 
E) produce flowers. 
A) attract pollinators. 
B) absorb ions. 
C) photosynthesize. 
D) produce more cells. 
E) produce flowers.

Question 19

A student examining leaf cross sections under a microscope finds many loosely packed cells with relatively thin cell walls. The cells have numerous chloroplasts. What type of cells are they?

Accepted Answer

A) parenchyma 
B) xylem 
C) endodermis 
D) collenchyma 
E) sclerenchyma 
A) parenchyma 
B) xylem 
C) endodermis 
D) collenchyma 
E) sclerenchyma

Question 20

Which of the following cell types is least likely to be capable of cell division?

Accepted Answer

A) mesophyll cell in a developing leaf 
B) parenchyma cell 2 mm from the tip of a root 
C) parenchyma cell in a dormant axillary bud 
D) functional tracheid cell in a stem 
A) mesophyll cell in a developing leaf 
B) parenchyma cell 2 mm from the tip of a root 
C) parenchyma cell in a dormant axillary bud 
D) functional tracheid cell in a stem

Exam 35: Plant Structure, Growth, and Development

Which cells are no longer capable of carrying out the process of DNA transcription?

The phase change of an apical meristem from the juvenile to the mature vegetative phase is often revealed by

The innermost layer of the root cortex is the

One major advantage of using Arabidopsis thaliana as a model system for studies of plant form and function is its

The following questions are based on the drawing of root or stem cross sections shown below. -A woody eudicot is represented by

While studying the plant Arabidopsis, a botanist finds that an RNA probe produces coloured spots in the sepals of the plant. From this information, what can be inferred?

If you were able to walk into an opening cut into the centre of a large redwood tree, when you exit from the middle of the trunk (stem)outward, you would cross, in order,

An organism inherits genetic information from its parents, but it is also influenced by its environment. The ability of plants to alter their form in response to local environmental conditions is referred to as

Land plants are composed of all of the following tissue types except

A plant has the following characteristics: a taproot system, several growth rings evident in a cross section of the stem, and a layer of bark around the outside. Which of the following best describes the plant?

Which of the following statements is false?

________ is to xylem as ________ is to phloem.

Before differentiation can begin during the processes of plant cell and tissue culture, parenchyma cells from the source tissue must

Which of the following have unevenly thickened primary walls that support young, growing parts of the plant?

Gas exchange, which is necessary for photosynthesis, can occur most easily in which leaf tissue?

What effect does "pinching back" have on a houseplant?

Pores on the leaf surface that function in gas exchange are called

Plants contain meristems whose major function is to

A student examining leaf cross sections under a microscope finds many loosely packed cells with relatively thin cell walls. The cells have numerous chloroplasts. What type of cells are they?

Which of the following cell types is least likely to be capable of cell division?

Introduction: Evolution and Themes of Biology

The Chemical Context of Life

Water and Life

Carbon and the Molecular Diversity of Life

The Structure and Function of Large Biological Molecules

A Tour of the Cell

Membrane Structure and Function

An Introduction to Metabolism

Cellular Respiration and Fermentation

Photosynthesis

Cell Communication

The Cell Cycle

Meiosis and Sexual Life Cycles

Mendel and the Gene Idea

The Chromosomal Basis of Inheritance

The Molecular Basis of Inheritance

From Gene to Protein

Regulation of Gene Expression

Viruses

Dna Tools and Biotechnology

Genomes and Their Evolution

Descent With Modification: a Darwinian View of Life

The Evolution of Populations

The Origin of Species

The History of Life on Earth

Phylogeny and the Tree of Life

Bacteria and Archaea

Protists

Plant Diversity I: How Plants Colonized Land

Plant Diversity Ii: the Evolution of Seed Plants

Fungi

An Overview of Animal Diversity

An Introduction to Invertebrates

The Origin and Evolution of Vertebrates

Resource Acquisition and Transport in Vascular Plants

Soil and Plant Nutrition

Angiosperm Reproduction and Biotechnology

Plant Responses to Internal and External Signals

Basic Principles of Animal Form and Function

Animal Nutrition

Circulation and Gas Exchange

The Immune System

Osmoregulation and Excretion

Hormones and the Endocrine System

Animal Reproduction

Animal Development

Neurons, Synapses, and Signalling

Nervous Systems

Sensory and Motor Mechanisms

Animal Behaviour

An Introduction to Ecology and the Biosphere

Population Ecology

Community Ecology

Ecosystems and Restoration Ecology

Conservation Biology and Global Change

Filters

is to xylem as is to phloem.