Question 1

Humans can lose, but cannot gain, heat through the process of

Accepted Answer

A) conduction. 
B) convection. 
C) radiation. 
D) evaporation. 
E) metabolism. 
A) conduction. 
B) convection. 
C) radiation. 
D) evaporation. 
E) metabolism.

Question 2

Use the following information to answer the next few questions.
It is wintertime and your pet lizard has somehow escaped into the backyard. After much searching, you find him basking on a rock in the sun trying to keep warm.
-To conserve heat, it is likely that

Accepted Answer

A) blood vessels in the extremities are dilated. 
B) blood pressure has decreased in the extremities. 
C) blood vessels in the extremities are constricted. 
D) the lizard will utilize countercurrent exchange. 
E) the lizard will become a termperature conformer. 
A) blood vessels in the extremities are dilated. 
B) blood pressure has decreased in the extremities. 
C) blood vessels in the extremities are constricted. 
D) the lizard will utilize countercurrent exchange. 
E) the lizard will become a termperature conformer.

Question 3

Cardiac muscle cells are both

Accepted Answer

A) striated and interconnected by intercalated disks. 
B) striated and operate independently of other cardiac cells. 
C) smooth and under voluntary control. 
D) striated and under voluntary control. 
E) smooth and under involuntary control. 
A) striated and interconnected by intercalated disks. 
B) striated and operate independently of other cardiac cells. 
C) smooth and under voluntary control. 
D) striated and under voluntary control. 
E) smooth and under involuntary control.

Question 4

Most land-dwelling invertebrates and all of the amphibians

Accepted Answer

A) are ectothermic organisms with variable body temperatures. 
B) alter their metabolic rates to maintain a constant body temperature of 37°C. 
C) have a net loss of heat across a moist body surface, even in direct sun. 
D) are endotherms but become thermoconformers only when they are in water. 
E) become more active when environmental temperatures drop below 15°C. 
A) are ectothermic organisms with variable body temperatures. 
B) alter their metabolic rates to maintain a constant body temperature of 37°C. 
C) have a net loss of heat across a moist body surface, even in direct sun. 
D) are endotherms but become thermoconformers only when they are in water. 
E) become more active when environmental temperatures drop below 15°C.

Question 5

Food moves along the digestive tract as the result of contractions by

Accepted Answer

A) cardiac muscle. 
B) smooth muscle. 
C) voluntary muscle. 
D) striated muscle. 
E) skeletal muscle. 
A) cardiac muscle. 
B) smooth muscle. 
C) voluntary muscle. 
D) striated muscle. 
E) skeletal muscle.

Question 6

The absorptive epithelia in the gut are considered "polarized" because

Accepted Answer

A) thick and thin filaments are present. 
B) they pump wastes into the lumen while pumping nutrients toward the blood. 
C) the colours seen on the top and bottom of the cells are different. 
D) they must fire action potentials to absorb most nutrients. 
E) the structures on the apical surface are different than those on the basal surface. 
A) thick and thin filaments are present. 
B) they pump wastes into the lumen while pumping nutrients toward the blood. 
C) the colours seen on the top and bottom of the cells are different. 
D) they must fire action potentials to absorb most nutrients. 
E) the structures on the apical surface are different than those on the basal surface.

Question 7

Positive feedback differs from negative feedback in that

Accepted Answer

A) positive feedback benefits the organism, whereas negative feedback is detrimental. 
B) the positive feedback's effector responses are in the same direction as the initiating stimulus rather than opposite to it. 
C) the effector's response increases some parameter (such as body temperature), whereas in negative feedback it can only decrease the parameter. 
D) positive feedback systems have only effectors, whereas negative feedback systems have only receptors. 
E) positive feedback systems have control centres that are lacking in negative feedback systems. 
A) positive feedback benefits the organism, whereas negative feedback is detrimental. 
B) the positive feedback's effector responses are in the same direction as the initiating stimulus rather than opposite to it. 
C) the effector's response increases some parameter (such as body temperature), whereas in negative feedback it can only decrease the parameter. 
D) positive feedback systems have only effectors, whereas negative feedback systems have only receptors. 
E) positive feedback systems have control centres that are lacking in negative feedback systems.

Question 8

An example of an ectothermic organism that has few or no behavioural options when it comes to its ability to adjust its body temperature is a

Accepted Answer

A) terrestrial lizard. 
B) sea star, a marine invertebrate. 
C) bluefin tuna, a predatory fish. 
D) hummingbird. 
E) honeybee in a hive. 
A) terrestrial lizard. 
B) sea star, a marine invertebrate. 
C) bluefin tuna, a predatory fish. 
D) hummingbird. 
E) honeybee in a hive.

Question 9

If you gently twist your earlobe, it does not remain distorted because it contains

Accepted Answer

A) collagenous fibres. 
B) elastin fibres. 
C) reticular fibres. 
D) adipose tissue. 
E) loose connective tissue. 
A) collagenous fibres. 
B) elastin fibres. 
C) reticular fibres. 
D) adipose tissue. 
E) loose connective tissue.

Question 10

The panting responses that are observed in overheated birds and mammals dissipates excess heat by

Accepted Answer

A) countercurrent exchange. 
B) acclimation. 
C) vasoconstriction. 
D) hibernation. 
E) evaporation. 
A) countercurrent exchange. 
B) acclimation. 
C) vasoconstriction. 
D) hibernation. 
E) evaporation.

Question 11

Among these choices, the least reliable indicator of an animal's metabolic rate is the amount of

Accepted Answer

A) food eaten in one day. 
B) heat generated in one day. 
C) oxygen used in mitochondria in one day. 
D) carbon dioxide produced in one day. 
E) water consumed in one day. 
A) food eaten in one day. 
B) heat generated in one day. 
C) oxygen used in mitochondria in one day. 
D) carbon dioxide produced in one day. 
E) water consumed in one day.

Question 12

The temperature-regulating centre of vertebrate animals is located in the

Accepted Answer

A) medulla oblongata. 
B) thyroid gland. 
C) hypothalamus. 
D) subcutaneous layer of the skin. 
E) liver. 
A) medulla oblongata. 
B) thyroid gland. 
C) hypothalamus. 
D) subcutaneous layer of the skin. 
E) liver.

Question 13

Most types of communication between cells utilize

Accepted Answer

A) the exchange of cytosol between the cells. 
B) a direct electrical connection between the cells. 
C) the release of chemical signals by the cell sending the message. 
D) the exchange of DNA between the cells. 
E) the movement of the cells. 
A) the exchange of cytosol between the cells. 
B) a direct electrical connection between the cells. 
C) the release of chemical signals by the cell sending the message. 
D) the exchange of DNA between the cells. 
E) the movement of the cells.

Question 14

Connective tissues typically have

Accepted Answer

A) many densely packed cells with direct connections between the membranes of adjacent cells. 
B) a supporting material such as chondroitin sulphate. 
C) the ability to shorten upon stimulation. 
D) relatively few cells and a large amount of extracellular matrix. 
E) the ability to transmit electrochemical impulses. 
A) many densely packed cells with direct connections between the membranes of adjacent cells. 
B) a supporting material such as chondroitin sulphate. 
C) the ability to shorten upon stimulation. 
D) relatively few cells and a large amount of extracellular matrix. 
E) the ability to transmit electrochemical impulses.

Question 15

Positive feedback has occurred when

Accepted Answer

A) an increase in blood sugar increases the secretion of a hormone that stimulates the movement of sugar out of the blood. 
B) a decrease in blood sugar increases the secretion of a hormone that increases the conversion of glycogen to glucose. 
C) uterine contractions needed for the birthing process are expedited by the pressure of a moving baby in its mother's uterus. 
D) an increase in calcium concentration increases the secretion of a hormone that promotes the storage of calcium in bone. 
E) a decrease in blood calcium increases the amount of the hormone that causes the release of calcium from bone. 
A) an increase in blood sugar increases the secretion of a hormone that stimulates the movement of sugar out of the blood. 
B) a decrease in blood sugar increases the secretion of a hormone that increases the conversion of glycogen to glucose. 
C) uterine contractions needed for the birthing process are expedited by the pressure of a moving baby in its mother's uterus. 
D) an increase in calcium concentration increases the secretion of a hormone that promotes the storage of calcium in bone. 
E) a decrease in blood calcium increases the amount of the hormone that causes the release of calcium from bone.

Question 16

If thermoregulation is considered to be a secondary function of the large ears of jackrabbits, then the primary function of the ears is

Accepted Answer

A) to optimize nutrient intake through the thin, permeable surfaces on the ears. 
B) to alter the rate of gas exchange, based on the adjustable radius of the ears' blood vessels. 
C) to detect predators by using the large size and flexible positioning of the external ears to channel sound waves into the ear canal. 
D) to protect offspring from bright sunlight by the positioning the ears to cast maximum shadows. 
E) to protect against pathogens by having a thick, waxy surface on the ears. 
A) to optimize nutrient intake through the thin, permeable surfaces on the ears. 
B) to alter the rate of gas exchange, based on the adjustable radius of the ears' blood vessels. 
C) to detect predators by using the large size and flexible positioning of the external ears to channel sound waves into the ear canal. 
D) to protect offspring from bright sunlight by the positioning the ears to cast maximum shadows. 
E) to protect against pathogens by having a thick, waxy surface on the ears.

Question 17

As body size increases in animals

Accepted Answer

A) there is a decrease in the surface-to-volume ratio. 
B) reproduction becomes limited to terrestrial environments. 
C) there is greater variability in metabolic rate. 
D) migration to tropical areas becomes necessary for thermoregulation. 
E) it becomes more difficult to conserve body warmth in cold environments. 
A) there is a decrease in the surface-to-volume ratio. 
B) reproduction becomes limited to terrestrial environments. 
C) there is greater variability in metabolic rate. 
D) migration to tropical areas becomes necessary for thermoregulation. 
E) it becomes more difficult to conserve body warmth in cold environments.

Question 18

To prepare flight muscles for use on a cool morning, hawkmouth moths

Accepted Answer

A) relax the muscles completely until after they launch themselves into the air. 
B) decrease their standard metabolic rate. 
C) rapidly contract and relax these muscles to generate metabolic warmth. 
D) walk to shaded areas to avoid direct sunlight. 
E) reduce the metabolic rate of the muscles to rest them before flight. 
A) relax the muscles completely until after they launch themselves into the air. 
B) decrease their standard metabolic rate. 
C) rapidly contract and relax these muscles to generate metabolic warmth. 
D) walk to shaded areas to avoid direct sunlight. 
E) reduce the metabolic rate of the muscles to rest them before flight.

Question 19

Coordinating body functions via chemical signals is accomplished by

Accepted Answer

A) the respiratory system. 
B) the endocrine system. 
C) the immune and lymphatic systems. 
D) the integumentary system. 
E) the excretory system. 
A) the respiratory system. 
B) the endocrine system. 
C) the immune and lymphatic systems. 
D) the integumentary system. 
E) the excretory system.

Question 20

The fibres responsible for the elastic resistance properties of tendons are

Accepted Answer

A) elastin fibres. 
B) fibrin fibres. 
C) collagenous fibres. 
D) reticular fibres. 
E) spindle fibres. 
A) elastin fibres. 
B) fibrin fibres. 
C) collagenous fibres. 
D) reticular fibres. 
E) spindle fibres.

Exam 40: Basic Principles of Animal Form and Function

Humans can lose, but cannot gain, heat through the process of

Use the following information to answer the next few questions. It is wintertime and your pet lizard has somehow escaped into the backyard. After much searching, you find him basking on a rock in the sun trying to keep warm. -To conserve heat, it is likely that

Cardiac muscle cells are both

Most land-dwelling invertebrates and all of the amphibians

Food moves along the digestive tract as the result of contractions by

The absorptive epithelia in the gut are considered "polarized" because

Positive feedback differs from negative feedback in that

An example of an ectothermic organism that has few or no behavioural options when it comes to its ability to adjust its body temperature is a

If you gently twist your earlobe, it does not remain distorted because it contains

The panting responses that are observed in overheated birds and mammals dissipates excess heat by

Among these choices, the least reliable indicator of an animal's metabolic rate is the amount of

The temperature-regulating centre of vertebrate animals is located in the

Most types of communication between cells utilize

Connective tissues typically have

Positive feedback has occurred when

If thermoregulation is considered to be a secondary function of the large ears of jackrabbits, then the primary function of the ears is

As body size increases in animals

To prepare flight muscles for use on a cool morning, hawkmouth moths

Coordinating body functions via chemical signals is accomplished by

The fibres responsible for the elastic resistance properties of tendons are

Introduction: Evolution and Themes of Biology

The Chemical Context of Life

Water and Life

Carbon and the Molecular Diversity of Life

The Structure and Function of Large Biological Molecules

A Tour of the Cell

Membrane Structure and Function

An Introduction to Metabolism

Cellular Respiration and Fermentation

Photosynthesis

Cell Communication

The Cell Cycle

Meiosis and Sexual Life Cycles

Mendel and the Gene Idea

The Chromosomal Basis of Inheritance

The Molecular Basis of Inheritance

From Gene to Protein

Regulation of Gene Expression

Viruses

Dna Tools and Biotechnology

Genomes and Their Evolution

Descent With Modification: a Darwinian View of Life

The Evolution of Populations

The Origin of Species

The History of Life on Earth

Phylogeny and the Tree of Life

Bacteria and Archaea

Protists

Plant Diversity I: How Plants Colonized Land

Plant Diversity Ii: the Evolution of Seed Plants

Fungi

An Overview of Animal Diversity

An Introduction to Invertebrates

The Origin and Evolution of Vertebrates

Plant Structure, Growth, and Development

Resource Acquisition and Transport in Vascular Plants

Soil and Plant Nutrition

Angiosperm Reproduction and Biotechnology

Plant Responses to Internal and External Signals

Animal Nutrition

Circulation and Gas Exchange

The Immune System

Osmoregulation and Excretion

Hormones and the Endocrine System

Animal Reproduction

Animal Development

Neurons, Synapses, and Signalling

Nervous Systems

Sensory and Motor Mechanisms

Animal Behaviour

An Introduction to Ecology and the Biosphere

Population Ecology

Community Ecology

Ecosystems and Restoration Ecology

Conservation Biology and Global Change

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