Question 1

The cells lining the air sacs in the lungs make up a

Accepted Answer

A) cuboidal epithelium. 
B) simple squamous epithelium. 
C) stratified squamous epithelium. 
D) pseudostratified ciliated columnar epithelium. 
E) simple columnar epithelium. 
A) cuboidal epithelium. 
B) simple squamous epithelium. 
C) stratified squamous epithelium. 
D) pseudostratified ciliated columnar epithelium. 
E) simple columnar epithelium.

Question 2

All types of muscle tissue have

Accepted Answer

A) intercalated disks that allow cells to communicate. 
B) striated banding patterns seen under the microscope. 
C) cells that lengthen when appropriately stimulated. 
D) a response that can be consciously controlled. 
E) interactions between actin and myosin. 
A) intercalated disks that allow cells to communicate. 
B) striated banding patterns seen under the microscope. 
C) cells that lengthen when appropriately stimulated. 
D) a response that can be consciously controlled. 
E) interactions between actin and myosin.

Question 3

The nourishment, insulation, and support for neurons is the result of activity by the

Accepted Answer

A) smooth muscles. 
B) adipose tissue. 
C) endocrine system. 
D) intercalated disks. 
E) glial cells. 
A) smooth muscles. 
B) adipose tissue. 
C) endocrine system. 
D) intercalated disks. 
E) glial cells.

Question 4

Use the following information to answer the next few questions.
You just bought a freshwater tropical fish for your new aquarium. Once you arrive home, you fill the aquarium with cold, dechlorinated water and plug in the filter and heater. You immediately release the fish from his bag of warm water into the cold water of the aquarium and give him some food. After one hour, you notice the fish has lost its vibrant colouration and isn't swimming very much. After a few hours, you find the fish dead.
-The fish likely died because

Accepted Answer

A) the fish was not given an adaptation period to adjust to the different water temperature. 
B) the fish was not given an acclimation period to adjust to the different water temperature. 
C) the fish lost too much heat via evaporation to the surrounding water. 
D) the fish was not given an acclimatization period to adjust to the different water temperature. 
E) the fish was endothermic. 
A) the fish was not given an adaptation period to adjust to the different water temperature. 
B) the fish was not given an acclimation period to adjust to the different water temperature. 
C) the fish lost too much heat via evaporation to the surrounding water. 
D) the fish was not given an acclimatization period to adjust to the different water temperature. 
E) the fish was endothermic.

Question 5

Tissues are composed of cells, and tissues functioning together make up

Accepted Answer

A) organs. 
B) membranes. 
C) organ systems. 
D) organelles. 
E) organisms. 
A) organs. 
B) membranes. 
C) organ systems. 
D) organelles. 
E) organisms.

Question 6

To increase the effectiveness of exchange surfaces lining the lungs and the intestines, evolutionary pressures have

Accepted Answer

A) increased the exchange surface area with folds and branches. 
B) increased the thickness of the membranes in these linings. 
C) increased the number of cell layers in these linings. 
D) decreased the metabolic rate of the cells in these linings. 
E) increased the volume of the cells in these linings. 
A) increased the exchange surface area with folds and branches. 
B) increased the thickness of the membranes in these linings. 
C) increased the number of cell layers in these linings. 
D) decreased the metabolic rate of the cells in these linings. 
E) increased the volume of the cells in these linings.

Question 7

The similar fusiform body shape of diverse animals, such as sharks, penguins, and aquatic mammals, has evolved because

Accepted Answer

A) natural selection typically has no limits when different organisms face the same challenge. 
B) respiration through gills is enhanced by having a fusiform shape. 
C) this is the body shape that makes it possible for aquatic animals to swim rapidly. 
D) the fusiform shape is coded by the same genes in all three types of aquatic animals. 
E) all three types evolved from the same ancestral form, which flew in air rather than swam in water. 
A) natural selection typically has no limits when different organisms face the same challenge. 
B) respiration through gills is enhanced by having a fusiform shape. 
C) this is the body shape that makes it possible for aquatic animals to swim rapidly. 
D) the fusiform shape is coded by the same genes in all three types of aquatic animals. 
E) all three types evolved from the same ancestral form, which flew in air rather than swam in water.

Question 8

Evolutionary adaptations that help diverse animals directly exchange matter between cells and the environment include

Accepted Answer

A) a gastrovascular activity, a two-layered body, and a torpedo-like body shape. 
B) an external respiratory surface, a small body size, and a two-cell-layered body. 
C) a large body volume; a long, tubular body; and a set of wings. 
D) complex internal structures, a small body size, and a large surface area. 
E) an unbranched internal surface, a small body size, and thick covering. 
A) a gastrovascular activity, a two-layered body, and a torpedo-like body shape. 
B) an external respiratory surface, a small body size, and a two-cell-layered body. 
C) a large body volume; a long, tubular body; and a set of wings. 
D) complex internal structures, a small body size, and a large surface area. 
E) an unbranched internal surface, a small body size, and thick covering.

Question 9

After breathing in an irritant, a normal response is to sneeze, loosening mucus along the respiratory tract. Which of the following types of epithelium form the mucous membrane?

Accepted Answer

A) simple squamous epithelium 
B) pseudostratified columnar epithelium 
C) cuboidal epithelium 
D) simple columnar epithelium 
E) stratified squamous epithelium 
A) simple squamous epithelium 
B) pseudostratified columnar epithelium 
C) cuboidal epithelium 
D) simple columnar epithelium 
E) stratified squamous epithelium

Question 10

Due to increasing global temperatures, many animals are forced to move to cooler climates with many different environmental conditions than what they are used to. In order to survive, the animal must respond to the new conditions. Which of the following terms best describes this?

Accepted Answer

A) acclimation 
B) adaptation 
C) evolution 
D) acclimatization 
E) homeostasis 
A) acclimation 
B) adaptation 
C) evolution 
D) acclimatization 
E) homeostasis

Question 11

For adult human females, the metabolic "costs" of pregnancy and lactation are

Accepted Answer

A) 100-125% more than when she was nonpregnant. 
B) 30-40% more than when she was nonpregnant. 
C) 5-8% more than when she was nonpregnant. 
D) 10-20% less than when she was nonpregnant. 
E) 30-40% less than when she was nonpregnant. 
A) 100-125% more than when she was nonpregnant. 
B) 30-40% more than when she was nonpregnant. 
C) 5-8% more than when she was nonpregnant. 
D) 10-20% less than when she was nonpregnant. 
E) 30-40% less than when she was nonpregnant.

Question 12

Use the following information to answer the next few questions.
It is wintertime and your pet lizard has somehow escaped into the backyard. After much searching, you find him basking on a rock in the sun trying to keep warm.
-Which of the following processes is the lizard utilizing to reduce heat loss to the environment? I. conduction
II. evaporation
III. radiation

Accepted Answer

A) I only 
B) II only 
C) I and II 
D) I and III 
E) II and III 
A) I only 
B) II only 
C) I and II 
D) I and III 
E) II and III

Question 13

Most of the exchange surfaces of multicellular animals are lined with

Accepted Answer

A) connective tissue. 
B) smooth muscle cells. 
C) neural tissue. 
D) epithelial tissue. 
E) adipose tissue. 
A) connective tissue. 
B) smooth muscle cells. 
C) neural tissue. 
D) epithelial tissue. 
E) adipose tissue.

Question 14

Stratified cuboidal epithelium is composed of

Accepted Answer

A) several layers of boxlike cells. 
B) a hierarchical arrangement of flat cells. 
C) a tight layer of square cells attached to a basement membrane. 
D) an irregularly arranged layer of pillarlike cells. 
E) a layer of ciliated, mucus-secreting cells. 
A) several layers of boxlike cells. 
B) a hierarchical arrangement of flat cells. 
C) a tight layer of square cells attached to a basement membrane. 
D) an irregularly arranged layer of pillarlike cells. 
E) a layer of ciliated, mucus-secreting cells.

Question 15

With its abundance of collagenous fibres, cartilage is an example of

Accepted Answer

A) connective tissue. 
B) reproductive tissue. 
C) nervous tissue. 
D) epithelial tissue. 
E) adipose tissue. 
A) connective tissue. 
B) reproductive tissue. 
C) nervous tissue. 
D) epithelial tissue. 
E) adipose tissue.

Question 16

Which of the following would increase the rate of heat exchange between an animal and its environment?

Accepted Answer

A) feathers or fur 
B) vasoconstriction 
C) wind blowing across the body surface 
D) countercurrent heat exchanger 
E) blubber or fat layer 
A) feathers or fur 
B) vasoconstriction 
C) wind blowing across the body surface 
D) countercurrent heat exchanger 
E) blubber or fat layer

Question 17

-Examine the figure above. Near a goose's abdomen, the countercurrent arrangement of the arterial and venous blood vessels causes

Accepted Answer

A) the temperature difference between the contents of the two sets of vessels to be minimized. 
B) the venous blood to be as cold near the abdomen as it is near the feet. 
C) the blood in the feet to be as warm as the blood in the abdomen. 
D) the temperature at the abdomen to be less than the temperature at the feet. 
E) the loss of the maximum possible amount of heat to the environment. 
A) the temperature difference between the contents of the two sets of vessels to be minimized. 
B) the venous blood to be as cold near the abdomen as it is near the feet. 
C) the blood in the feet to be as warm as the blood in the abdomen. 
D) the temperature at the abdomen to be less than the temperature at the feet. 
E) the loss of the maximum possible amount of heat to the environment.

Question 18

Compared with a smaller cell, a larger cell of the same shape has

Accepted Answer

A) less surface area. 
B) less surface area per unit of volume. 
C) the same surface-to-volume ratio. 
D) a smaller average distance between its mitochondria and the external source of oxygen. 
E) a smaller cytoplasm-to-nucleus ratio. 
A) less surface area. 
B) less surface area per unit of volume. 
C) the same surface-to-volume ratio. 
D) a smaller average distance between its mitochondria and the external source of oxygen. 
E) a smaller cytoplasm-to-nucleus ratio.

Question 19

The body's automatic tendency to maintain a constant and optimal internal environment is termed

Accepted Answer

A) balanced equilibrium. 
B) physiological chance. 
C) homeostasis. 
D) static equilibrium. 
E) estivation. 
A) balanced equilibrium. 
B) physiological chance. 
C) homeostasis. 
D) static equilibrium. 
E) estivation.

Question 20

Ingested foods inside the digestive tract of snakes are typically digested by

Accepted Answer

A) biosynthesis. 
B) enzymatic hydrolysis. 
C) uric acid. 
D) chemiosmosis. 
E) metabolic heat. 
A) biosynthesis. 
B) enzymatic hydrolysis. 
C) uric acid. 
D) chemiosmosis. 
E) metabolic heat.

Exam 40: Basic Principles of Animal Form and Function

The cells lining the air sacs in the lungs make up a

All types of muscle tissue have

The nourishment, insulation, and support for neurons is the result of activity by the

Tissues are composed of cells, and tissues functioning together make up

To increase the effectiveness of exchange surfaces lining the lungs and the intestines, evolutionary pressures have

The similar fusiform body shape of diverse animals, such as sharks, penguins, and aquatic mammals, has evolved because

Evolutionary adaptations that help diverse animals directly exchange matter between cells and the environment include

After breathing in an irritant, a normal response is to sneeze, loosening mucus along the respiratory tract. Which of the following types of epithelium form the mucous membrane?

Due to increasing global temperatures, many animals are forced to move to cooler climates with many different environmental conditions than what they are used to. In order to survive, the animal must respond to the new conditions. Which of the following terms best describes this?

For adult human females, the metabolic "costs" of pregnancy and lactation are

Most of the exchange surfaces of multicellular animals are lined with

Stratified cuboidal epithelium is composed of

With its abundance of collagenous fibres, cartilage is an example of

Which of the following would increase the rate of heat exchange between an animal and its environment?

-Examine the figure above. Near a goose's abdomen, the countercurrent arrangement of the arterial and venous blood vessels causes

Compared with a smaller cell, a larger cell of the same shape has

The body's automatic tendency to maintain a constant and optimal internal environment is termed

Ingested foods inside the digestive tract of snakes are typically digested by

Introduction: Evolution and Themes of Biology

The Chemical Context of Life

Water and Life

Carbon and the Molecular Diversity of Life

The Structure and Function of Large Biological Molecules

A Tour of the Cell

Membrane Structure and Function

An Introduction to Metabolism

Cellular Respiration and Fermentation

Photosynthesis

Cell Communication

The Cell Cycle

Meiosis and Sexual Life Cycles

Mendel and the Gene Idea

The Chromosomal Basis of Inheritance

The Molecular Basis of Inheritance

From Gene to Protein

Regulation of Gene Expression

Viruses

Dna Tools and Biotechnology

Genomes and Their Evolution

Descent With Modification: a Darwinian View of Life

The Evolution of Populations

The Origin of Species

The History of Life on Earth

Phylogeny and the Tree of Life

Bacteria and Archaea

Protists

Plant Diversity I: How Plants Colonized Land

Plant Diversity Ii: the Evolution of Seed Plants

Fungi

An Overview of Animal Diversity

An Introduction to Invertebrates

The Origin and Evolution of Vertebrates

Plant Structure, Growth, and Development

Resource Acquisition and Transport in Vascular Plants

Soil and Plant Nutrition

Angiosperm Reproduction and Biotechnology

Plant Responses to Internal and External Signals

Animal Nutrition

Circulation and Gas Exchange

The Immune System

Osmoregulation and Excretion

Hormones and the Endocrine System

Animal Reproduction

Animal Development

Neurons, Synapses, and Signalling

Nervous Systems

Sensory and Motor Mechanisms

Animal Behaviour

An Introduction to Ecology and the Biosphere

Population Ecology

Community Ecology

Ecosystems and Restoration Ecology

Conservation Biology and Global Change

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