Question 1

To test the presence of classical conditioning, you would omit the

Accepted Answer

A) CS. 
B) US. 
C) CR. 
D) S+. 
A) CS. 
B) US. 
C) CR. 
D) S+.

Question 2

To observe conditioning, you could ring a bell and squirt lemon juice into Johnny's mouth.By repeating this procedure several times, you could condition Johnny to salivate to the bell.Conditioning will be most rapid if the US, which is the _____ follows immediately after the CS, which is the _____.

Accepted Answer

A) lemon juice; bell 
B) bell; lemon juice 
C) bell; salivation 
D) salivation; lemon juice 
A) lemon juice; bell 
B) bell; lemon juice 
C) bell; salivation 
D) salivation; lemon juice

Question 3

Which of the following would be considered a response?

Accepted Answer

A) having a faster heartbeat 
B) blinking 
C) turning a doorknob 
D) all of these 
A) having a faster heartbeat 
B) blinking 
C) turning a doorknob 
D) all of these

Question 4

In classical conditioning, a neutral stimulus is repeatedly paired with another stimulus that naturally elicits a reflex response.This neutral stimulus will become known as the

Accepted Answer

A) unconditioned stimulus. 
B) conditioned stimulus. 
C) reflexive stimulus. 
D) latent stimulus. 
A) unconditioned stimulus. 
B) conditioned stimulus. 
C) reflexive stimulus. 
D) latent stimulus.

Question 5

Responses that are reinforced and tend to be repeated illustrate

Accepted Answer

A) stimulus control. 
B) operant conditioning. 
C) generalization. 
D) discrimination. 
A) stimulus control. 
B) operant conditioning. 
C) generalization. 
D) discrimination.

Question 6

The technique of using desensitization involves

Accepted Answer

A) flooding the person with images of the feared stimulus. 
B) having the person explain how the phobia developed. 
C) gradually exposing the person to the feared stimulus while they are relaxed. 
D) systematically increasing the stimulus intensity up to the breaking point. 
A) flooding the person with images of the feared stimulus. 
B) having the person explain how the phobia developed. 
C) gradually exposing the person to the feared stimulus while they are relaxed. 
D) systematically increasing the stimulus intensity up to the breaking point.

Question 7

Presenting the conditioned stimulus without the unconditioned stimulus will result in

Accepted Answer

A) reinforcement. 
B) generalization. 
C) spontaneous recovery. 
D) extinction. 
A) reinforcement. 
B) generalization. 
C) spontaneous recovery. 
D) extinction.

Question 8

Your hand draws back from pain, bright light causes the pupil of your eye to narrow, and a puff of air directed at your eye will make you blink.All of these are examples of

Accepted Answer

A) reflexes. 
B) operants. 
C) neurological expectancies. 
D) cognitive maps. 
A) reflexes. 
B) operants. 
C) neurological expectancies. 
D) cognitive maps.

Question 9

The period in conditioning during which a response is reinforced is called

Accepted Answer

A) acquisition. 
B) assimilation. 
C) extinction. 
D) modeling. 
A) acquisition. 
B) assimilation. 
C) extinction. 
D) modeling.

Question 10

The term for the initial phase of conditioning when the CS and US are paired is termed

Accepted Answer

A) acquisition. 
B) the instrumental step. 
C) shaping. 
D) latent learning. 
A) acquisition. 
B) the instrumental step. 
C) shaping. 
D) latent learning.

Question 11

In _____, a response may be followed by a reinforcer, by punishment, or by nothing.These results determine whether a response is likely to be made again.

Accepted Answer

A) classical conditioning 
B) operant conditioning 
C) respondent conditioning 
D) insight learning 
A) classical conditioning 
B) operant conditioning 
C) respondent conditioning 
D) insight learning

Question 12

Micah is extremely afraid of rats, but not of hamsters or gerbils.This phenomenon is called

Accepted Answer

A) spontaneous recovery. 
B) stimulus discrimination. 
C) stimulus generalization. 
D) latent learning. 
A) spontaneous recovery. 
B) stimulus discrimination. 
C) stimulus generalization. 
D) latent learning.

Question 13

At a party, a friend of yours keeps popping balloons with a lighted cigarette.By the time he is about to pop the fifth balloon, you notice that your muscles tense and you squint each time the cigarette nears the balloon.Obviously,

Accepted Answer

A) the cigarette is a US. 
B) the popping sound is a US. 
C) squinting is a reinforcer. 
D) shaping has occurred. 
A) the cigarette is a US. 
B) the popping sound is a US. 
C) squinting is a reinforcer. 
D) shaping has occurred.

Question 14

Regarding cognitive learning, which of the following statements is FALSE?

Accepted Answer

A) Learning from written language is a complex form of cognitive learning. 
B) Humans are the only species that are capable of engaging in any type of cognitive learning. 
C) Repeating a response will not necessarily produce learning. 
D) Engaging in complex cognitive learning illustrates why humans are called Homo Sapiens, which comes from the Latin words for man and wise. 
A) Learning from written language is a complex form of cognitive learning. 
B) Humans are the only species that are capable of engaging in any type of cognitive learning. 
C) Repeating a response will not necessarily produce learning. 
D) Engaging in complex cognitive learning illustrates why humans are called Homo Sapiens, which comes from the Latin words for man and wise.

Question 15

Jeffery's first love was Mia, who had long blonde hair and big blue eyes.Alas, Mia's family moved far away from Jeffery's little town.The next semester, there was a new girl in Jeffery's ninth grade class.Jeffery was immediately smitten with Lauren and her long blonde hair and beautiful blue eyes.Jeffery's immediate attraction to Lauren illustrates

Accepted Answer

A) response chaining. 
B) stimulus discrimination. 
C) extinction. 
D) stimulus generalization. 
A) response chaining. 
B) stimulus discrimination. 
C) extinction. 
D) stimulus generalization.

Question 16

In Pavlov's experiments with dogs, the unconditioned stimulus was the

Accepted Answer

A) food. 
B) bell. 
C) salivation to the food. 
D) salivation to the bell. 
A) food. 
B) bell. 
C) salivation to the food. 
D) salivation to the bell.

Question 17

You locate a vending machine and deposit your last bit of change to buy a candy bar.Then you press the button, and nothing happens.You press the other buttons, try the coin return, and look for an attendant.Still nothing happens.Impulsively, you give the machine a little kick, and out pops a candy bar plus 75 cents.Because your kick produced food and money, the odds of repeating the "kicking response" increase.This situation illustrates

Accepted Answer

A) classical conditioning. 
B) vicarious conditioning. 
C) the law of association. 
D) the law of effect. 
A) classical conditioning. 
B) vicarious conditioning. 
C) the law of association. 
D) the law of effect.

Question 18

To determine whether attendance at sports events is an operant reinforcer for a teenager, such attendance would have to

Accepted Answer

A) be demonstrated to be universally rewarding. 
B) increase the probability of recurrence of the behavior it followed. 
C) meet a long list of criteria that includes adaptability and reliability. 
D) be demonstrably related to a basic biological need. 
A) be demonstrated to be universally rewarding. 
B) increase the probability of recurrence of the behavior it followed. 
C) meet a long list of criteria that includes adaptability and reliability. 
D) be demonstrably related to a basic biological need.

Question 19

A(n) _____ is a dependable, inborn stimulus-and-response connection.

Accepted Answer

A) reflex 
B) operant 
C) expectancy 
D) cognitive map 
A) reflex 
B) operant 
C) expectancy 
D) cognitive map

Question 20

In Pavlov's experiments with dogs, salivation to the food was the

Accepted Answer

A) conditioned response. 
B) unconditioned stimulus. 
C) conditioned stimulus. 
D) unconditioned response. 
A) conditioned response. 
B) unconditioned stimulus. 
C) conditioned stimulus. 
D) unconditioned response.

Exam 7: Extension A: Conditioning and Learning

To test the presence of classical conditioning, you would omit the

To observe conditioning, you could ring a bell and squirt lemon juice into Johnny's mouth.By repeating this procedure several times, you could condition Johnny to salivate to the bell.Conditioning will be most rapid if the US, which is the _____ follows immediately after the CS, which is the _____.

Which of the following would be considered a response?

In classical conditioning, a neutral stimulus is repeatedly paired with another stimulus that naturally elicits a reflex response.This neutral stimulus will become known as the

Responses that are reinforced and tend to be repeated illustrate

The technique of using desensitization involves

Presenting the conditioned stimulus without the unconditioned stimulus will result in

Your hand draws back from pain, bright light causes the pupil of your eye to narrow, and a puff of air directed at your eye will make you blink.All of these are examples of

The period in conditioning during which a response is reinforced is called

The term for the initial phase of conditioning when the CS and US are paired is termed

In _____, a response may be followed by a reinforcer, by punishment, or by nothing.These results determine whether a response is likely to be made again.

Micah is extremely afraid of rats, but not of hamsters or gerbils.This phenomenon is called

At a party, a friend of yours keeps popping balloons with a lighted cigarette.By the time he is about to pop the fifth balloon, you notice that your muscles tense and you squint each time the cigarette nears the balloon.Obviously,

Regarding cognitive learning, which of the following statements is FALSE?

In Pavlov's experiments with dogs, the unconditioned stimulus was the

To determine whether attendance at sports events is an operant reinforcer for a teenager, such attendance would have to

A(n) _____ is a dependable, inborn stimulus-and-response connection.

In Pavlov's experiments with dogs, salivation to the food was the

Introduction the Psychology

Extension A: Introduction to Psychology and Research Methods

Extension B: Introduction to Psychology and Research Methods

Extension C: Introduction to Psychology and Research Methods

Extension A: Brain and Behavior

Extension B: Brain and Behavior

Extension C: Brain and Behavior

Extension A: Human Development

Extension B: Human Development

Extension C: Human Development

Extension D: Human Development

Extension A: Sensation and Reality

Extension B: Sensation and Reality

Extension A: Perceiving the World

Extension B: Perceiving the World

Extension A: States of Consciousness

Extension B: States of Consciousness

Extension C: States of Consciousness

Extension D: States of Consciousness

Extension B: Conditioning and Learning

Extension C: Conditioning and Learning

Extension A: Memory

Extension B: Memory

Extension C: Memory

Extension A: Cognition, Language, Creativity, and Intelligence

Extension B: Cognition, Language, Creativity, and Intelligence

Extension C: Cognition, Language, Creativity, and Intelligence

Extension D: Cognition, Language, Creativity, and Intelligence

Extension A: Motivation and Emotion

Extension B: Motivation and Emotion

Extension C: Motivation and Emotion

Extension D: Motivation and Emotion

Extension A: Gender and Sexuality

Extension B: Gender and Sexuality

Extension C: Gender and Sexuality

Extension A: Personality

Extension B: Personality

Extension C: Personality

Extension D: Personality

Extension A: Health, Stress, and Coping

Extension B: Health, Stress, and Coping

Extension C: Health, Stress, and Coping

Extension A: Psychological Disorders

Extension B: Psychological Disorders

Extension C: Psychological Disorders

Extension D: Psychological Disorders

Extension A: Therapies

Extension B: Therapies

Extension C: Therapies

Extension D: Therapies

Extension A: Social Thinking and Social Influence

Extension B: Social Thinking and Social Influence

Extension C: Social Thinking and Social Influence

Extension A: Prosocial and Antisocial Behavior

Extension B: Prosocial and Antisocial Behavior

Extension C: Prosocial and Antisocial Behavior

Extension A: Applied Psychology

Extension B: Applied Psychology

Extension C: Applied Psychology

Appendix A: Behavioral Statistics

Appendix B: Behavioral Statistics

To observe conditioning, you could ring a bell and squirt lemon juice into Johnny's mouth.By repeating this procedure several times, you could condition Johnny to salivate to the bell.Conditioning will be most rapid if the US, which is the _ follows immediately after the CS, which is the _.