Exam 7: Extension A: Conditioning and Learning

Associating pain with a dentist's office occurred because of a

A dog participating in dog agility training must navigate a variety of obstacles, such as jumping over hurdles, walking over seesaws, and running through tunnels with its trainer only able to reinforce the dog with a snack or hug after the dog completes the entire sequence.This illustrates the technique of

Superstitious behaviors are

When a parent belittles, screams at, or physically abuses their children, the parent becomes a(n) _____ for fear and withdrawal.

Mollie loved to eat her grandmother's pecan pie.However, as her grandmother got older, she had difficulty picking out all the pecan shells, so some of the pieces got cooked into the pie.When Mollie would bite into a piece of pecan shell in the pie, she would grab her jaw in pain.After several visits eating "pecan-shell" pie, Mollie would grab her jaw before she even put a bite of pie in her mouth.The pain (of biting a pecan shell) is the

Vicarious classical conditioning occurs when a person learns to respond emotionally to a stimulus

The term for using a well-learned CS as an unconditioned stimulus is called

Computers have been used to safely simulate the experience of heights in the treatment of acrophobia.This technique is a type of

A relatively permanent change in behavior as a result of experience is the definition of

To produce extinction in the traditional Pavlovian experiment, an experimenter would present

Tamara is deathly afraid of coming in contact with germs.So, her therapist gradually exposes Tamara to "unclean" things, such as touching dirt or taking a bite of an unwashed piece of fruit, in a calm, relaxed, and supportive environment.This technique is known as

In a television commercial, an advertiser shows a party scene with many college-age students having a great time.The advertiser's product, a new lite-beer, is prominently displayed in the scene.This advertiser is hoping that his product will become associated with fun.Therefore, when a college student is in a store, he or she will associate this new beer will good feelings and fun.The advertiser is depending on _____ in selling his product.

A parent is trying to increase the time his child spends studying by rewarding the child with a baseball card for each hour he studies.The child does not increase or decrease his study time.This story illustrates the difference between

In Pavlov's experiments with dogs, salivation to the bell was the

Learned reactions worsen many cases of hypertension.Traffic jams and arguments with a spouse can become _____ that trigger a dangerous rise in blood pressure.

If you ring the bell many times and do not follow it with lemon juice, Johnny's expectancy that the bell will precede the lemon juice will weaken.As it does, he will lose his tendency to salivate when he hears the bell.Thus, _____ has occurred.

Mitzi's cat has learned to meow every time it hears the can opener because Mitzi opened the cat food using an electric can opener.The cat food now comes in pull-top cans, so the cat never receives food after hearing the can opener.Mitzi's cat stops meowing to the can opener, illustrating that _____ has taken place.

The nature of learning in _____ is that the probability of making a response is altered by the consequences that follow it.

Classical conditioning tends to involve

Reinforcement is the key to _____ learning.