Question 1

If you condition a person to blink each time you play a particular note on a piano, blinking will _____ as you play higher or lower notes.

Accepted Answer

A) increase 
B) decrease 
C) remain exactly the same 
D) not be predictable 
A) increase 
B) decrease 
C) remain exactly the same 
D) not be predictable

Question 2

Reinforcement in operant conditioning is most effective when it is

Accepted Answer

A) response contingent. 
B) stimulus contingent. 
C) US-CS contingent. 
D) NS-CS contingent. 
A) response contingent. 
B) stimulus contingent. 
C) US-CS contingent. 
D) NS-CS contingent.

Question 3

A child watches other children wince with pain as they receive hypodermic injections.Although the child has never received an injection, he responds emotionally when a needle is brought near him.His reaction is an example of

Accepted Answer

A) operant conditioning. 
B) spontaneous recovery of fear. 
C) simple classical conditioning. 
D) vicarious classical conditioning. 
A) operant conditioning. 
B) spontaneous recovery of fear. 
C) simple classical conditioning. 
D) vicarious classical conditioning.

Question 4

Operant conditioning focuses on how

Accepted Answer

A) people learn through the association of stimuli. 
B) people utilize their inborn reflexive habits. 
C) behavior is influenced by its consequences. 
D) changes in behavior are related to mental events. 
A) people learn through the association of stimuli. 
B) people utilize their inborn reflexive habits. 
C) behavior is influenced by its consequences. 
D) changes in behavior are related to mental events.

Question 5

After repeatedly pairing the appearance of a nurse in green scrubs with the painful experience of getting a vaccination, the patient will react every time they see a nurse in green grubs enter the room.In this example, the nurse in the green scrubs is a(n)

Accepted Answer

A) conditioned response (CR). 
B) conditioned stimulus (CS). 
C) unconditioned response (UR). 
D) unconditioned stimulus (US). 
A) conditioned response (CR). 
B) conditioned stimulus (CS). 
C) unconditioned response (UR). 
D) unconditioned stimulus (US).

Question 6

B.F. Skinner is known for studying

Accepted Answer

A)  classical conditioning. 
B)  vicarious conditioning. 
C)  latent learning. 
D)  operant conditioning. 
A)  classical conditioning. 
B)  vicarious conditioning. 
C)  latent learning. 
D)  operant conditioning.

Question 7

Reinforcement is most effective

Accepted Answer

A) if it is delayed. 
B) when it is immediate. 
C) when it is delivered randomly. 
D) when it follows a long chain of responses. 
A) if it is delayed. 
B) when it is immediate. 
C) when it is delivered randomly. 
D) when it follows a long chain of responses.

Question 8

If Larry learned to fear rats due to his observing his mother's extreme, irrational fear of rats, Larry developed his fear of rats through

Accepted Answer

A) classical conditioning. 
B) vicarious classical conditioning. 
C) operant conditioning. 
D) insight learning. 
A) classical conditioning. 
B) vicarious classical conditioning. 
C) operant conditioning. 
D) insight learning.

Question 9

A reinforcement is any event that

Accepted Answer

A) is considered a pleasant experience by a majority of individuals. 
B) increases the probability that a particular response will occur. 
C) involves classical conditioning. 
D) serves as a bribe that will entice the individual to repeat a response. 
A) is considered a pleasant experience by a majority of individuals. 
B) increases the probability that a particular response will occur. 
C) involves classical conditioning. 
D) serves as a bribe that will entice the individual to repeat a response.

Question 10

_____ explains why many stores carry imitations of nationally-known products since the positive attitudes already conditioned to the real products will also occur with these cheaper knockoffs.

Accepted Answer

A) Stimulus discrimination 
B) Stimulus generalization 
C) Extinction 
D) Spontaneous recovery 
A) Stimulus discrimination 
B) Stimulus generalization 
C) Extinction 
D) Spontaneous recovery

Question 11

Which of the following types of learning is most related to the consequences of making a response?

Accepted Answer

A) Pavlovian conditioning 
B) classical conditioning 
C) operant conditioning 
D) respondent conditioning 
A) Pavlovian conditioning 
B) classical conditioning 
C) operant conditioning 
D) respondent conditioning

Question 12

To teach a child to say "please" when she asks for things, you should make getting the requested item

Accepted Answer

A) the CS. 
B) a token. 
C) a negative reinforcer. 
D) response-contingent. 
A) the CS. 
B) a token. 
C) a negative reinforcer. 
D) response-contingent.

Question 13

From the informational view, a(n) _____ tells a person or an animal that a response was "right" and worth repeating.

Accepted Answer

A) stimulus 
B) reinforcer 
C) operant 
D) acquisitional cue 
A) stimulus 
B) reinforcer 
C) operant 
D) acquisitional cue

Question 14

Operant conditioning is also known as

Accepted Answer

A) respondent conditioning. 
B) reflexive learning. 
C) instrumental learning. 
D) Pavlovian conditioning. 
A) respondent conditioning. 
B) reflexive learning. 
C) instrumental learning. 
D) Pavlovian conditioning.

Question 15

Learning that involves the pairing of conditioned and unconditioned stimuli is called

Accepted Answer

A) operant conditioning. 
B) vicarious learning. 
C) observational learning. 
D) classical conditioning. 
A) operant conditioning. 
B) vicarious learning. 
C) observational learning. 
D) classical conditioning.

Question 16

The law of effect was formulated by

Accepted Answer

A)  Edward Thorndike. 
B)  B.F. Skinner. 
C)  Ivan Pavlov. 
D)  John B. Watson. 
A)  Edward Thorndike. 
B)  B.F. Skinner. 
C)  Ivan Pavlov. 
D)  John B. Watson.

Question 17

A reinforcer will _____ responding.

Accepted Answer

A) reliably increase 
B) sometimes increase 
C) never increase 
D) reliably decrease 
A) reliably increase 
B) sometimes increase 
C) never increase 
D) reliably decrease

Question 18

When a stimulus acquires the power to elicit a response as a result of being paired with a stimulus that already produces the response, _____ has occurred.

Accepted Answer

A) classical conditioning 
B) spontaneous recovery 
C) operant conditioning 
D) aversive conditioning 
A) classical conditioning 
B) spontaneous recovery 
C) operant conditioning 
D) aversive conditioning

Question 19

If you work hard all semester in a class to get an A, why doesn't the delay in reinforcement keep you from learning anything?

Accepted Answer

A) As a mature human, you can anticipate future rewards. 
B) You get reinforced by quiz and test grades all through the semester. 
C) A single reinforcer can often maintain a linked series of actions that lead to the final reinforcement of an A for the class. 
D) All of these are reasons why the delay in reinforcement does not affect your learning. 
A) As a mature human, you can anticipate future rewards. 
B) You get reinforced by quiz and test grades all through the semester. 
C) A single reinforcer can often maintain a linked series of actions that lead to the final reinforcement of an A for the class. 
D) All of these are reasons why the delay in reinforcement does not affect your learning.

Question 20

In _____, we associate responses with their consequences.

Accepted Answer

A) respondent conditioning 
B) reflexive learning 
C) instrumental learning 
D) Pavlovian conditioning 
A) respondent conditioning 
B) reflexive learning 
C) instrumental learning 
D) Pavlovian conditioning

Exam 7: Extension A: Conditioning and Learning

If you condition a person to blink each time you play a particular note on a piano, blinking will _____ as you play higher or lower notes.

Reinforcement in operant conditioning is most effective when it is

A child watches other children wince with pain as they receive hypodermic injections.Although the child has never received an injection, he responds emotionally when a needle is brought near him.His reaction is an example of

Operant conditioning focuses on how

After repeatedly pairing the appearance of a nurse in green scrubs with the painful experience of getting a vaccination, the patient will react every time they see a nurse in green grubs enter the room.In this example, the nurse in the green scrubs is a(n)

B.F. Skinner is known for studying

Reinforcement is most effective

If Larry learned to fear rats due to his observing his mother's extreme, irrational fear of rats, Larry developed his fear of rats through

A reinforcement is any event that

_____ explains why many stores carry imitations of nationally-known products since the positive attitudes already conditioned to the real products will also occur with these cheaper knockoffs.

Which of the following types of learning is most related to the consequences of making a response?

To teach a child to say "please" when she asks for things, you should make getting the requested item

From the informational view, a(n) _____ tells a person or an animal that a response was "right" and worth repeating.

Operant conditioning is also known as

Learning that involves the pairing of conditioned and unconditioned stimuli is called

The law of effect was formulated by

A reinforcer will _____ responding.

When a stimulus acquires the power to elicit a response as a result of being paired with a stimulus that already produces the response, _____ has occurred.

If you work hard all semester in a class to get an A, why doesn't the delay in reinforcement keep you from learning anything?

In _____, we associate responses with their consequences.

Introduction the Psychology

Extension A: Introduction to Psychology and Research Methods

Extension B: Introduction to Psychology and Research Methods

Extension C: Introduction to Psychology and Research Methods

Extension A: Brain and Behavior

Extension B: Brain and Behavior

Extension C: Brain and Behavior

Extension A: Human Development

Extension B: Human Development

Extension C: Human Development

Extension D: Human Development

Extension A: Sensation and Reality

Extension B: Sensation and Reality

Extension A: Perceiving the World

Extension B: Perceiving the World

Extension A: States of Consciousness

Extension B: States of Consciousness

Extension C: States of Consciousness

Extension D: States of Consciousness

Extension B: Conditioning and Learning

Extension C: Conditioning and Learning

Extension A: Memory

Extension B: Memory

Extension C: Memory

Extension A: Cognition, Language, Creativity, and Intelligence

Extension B: Cognition, Language, Creativity, and Intelligence

Extension C: Cognition, Language, Creativity, and Intelligence

Extension D: Cognition, Language, Creativity, and Intelligence

Extension A: Motivation and Emotion

Extension B: Motivation and Emotion

Extension C: Motivation and Emotion

Extension D: Motivation and Emotion

Extension A: Gender and Sexuality

Extension B: Gender and Sexuality

Extension C: Gender and Sexuality

Extension A: Personality

Extension B: Personality

Extension C: Personality

Extension D: Personality

Extension A: Health, Stress, and Coping

Extension B: Health, Stress, and Coping

Extension C: Health, Stress, and Coping

Extension A: Psychological Disorders

Extension B: Psychological Disorders

Extension C: Psychological Disorders

Extension D: Psychological Disorders

Extension A: Therapies

Extension B: Therapies

Extension C: Therapies

Extension D: Therapies

Extension A: Social Thinking and Social Influence

Extension B: Social Thinking and Social Influence

Extension C: Social Thinking and Social Influence

Extension A: Prosocial and Antisocial Behavior

Extension B: Prosocial and Antisocial Behavior

Extension C: Prosocial and Antisocial Behavior

Extension A: Applied Psychology

Extension B: Applied Psychology

Extension C: Applied Psychology