Exam 7: Extension A: Conditioning and Learning

The concept of _____ helps explain how the entire sequence of events necessary to prepare a meal is reinforced by the final eating.

Pavlov's most famous experiment involved teaching dogs to _____ to a new stimulus.

In Pavlov's experiments with dogs, the conditioned stimulus was the

In higher order conditioning, the

The formation of simple connections among various stimuli and responses is referred to as _____ learning.

Which of the following is the appropriate sequence for classically conditioning an eyeblink response to an auditory stimulus?

The learned expectancy in operant conditioning is that the

You are training a rat to press a bar.Instead of waiting for the rat's first accidental bar press, you reinforce the rat for facing the bar and then turning toward the bar.Next, you reinforce the rat every time he takes a step toward the bar, until he touches the bar.Lastly, you reinforce the rat for pressing the bar.You are

The unconditioned stimulus, by definition, leads to a(n)

A child acquiring a fear of a light socket because she saw someone else get shocked when he touched it is an example of

Human superstitions can be partially explained by

With classical conditioning, the learners are _____, while in operant conditioning the learners are _____ in their interactions with the environment.

A child who has learned, through classical conditioning, to fear sitting in a dentist's chair becomes frightened when he is placed in a barber's chair.This illustrates the concepts of

Learning to anticipate a surge of scalding hot water in a shower following the flush of an adjacent toilet is an example of what type of learning?

After having a "fender-bender" at a particular intersection near work, Nancy had to go safely through this intersection every day for two weeks before she stopped tensing up as she neared this intersection.Being able to go through this intersection without becoming tense shows that _____ has taken place.

Advertisers often try to use higher order conditioning by

Very few people have actually come in contact with a shark, but many would show fear at the sight of a large fin swimming through the ocean waves because they have seen movies or news reports in which people have been attacked by sharks.This illustrates

Because Susie was scratched by her neighbor's furry black cat, she developed a phobia for the cat as well as becoming fearful of any black, furry object, including her mother's black fake fur hat.Susie's fear of her mother's hat and any other furry black object demonstrates

Three-year-old Johnny was classically conditioned to salivate to a bell that was paired with lemon juice.Johnny also salivates to the sound of a ringing telephone and to a doorbell, even though they were never used as conditioning stimuli.Johnny's salivation to the ringing telephone and to the doorbell illustrate

Andy was in a near-fatal automobile accident.Now he has a fear of any transportation.This is an example of