Exam 7: Extension A: Conditioning and Learning

Emotional reactions to objects and events are sometimes learned as a result of observing others rather than through direct experiences.This phenomenon is called

Which of the following would most likely be acquired by classical conditioning?

A reward will _____ responding; a reinforcer will _____ responding.

With classical conditioning, the _____ are the most important aspects, while with operant conditioning, the _____ are the key.

_____ is a form of learning in which reflex responses are associated with new stimuli.

The perspective that explains learning as a mental expectancy of an upcoming association between two events is known as

In Pavlov's experiments with dogs, the bell (prior to conditioning) was the

The proper order of events required for classical conditioning to occur is

Operant conditioning

Operant conditioning is to Skinner as classical conditioning is to

Every time Lisa's dog heard the sound of the electric can opener he began to salivate because he associated the sound with the food.In this example, the sound of the can opener is a

_____ occurs whenever a person or animal forms a simple connection among various stimuli and/or responses.

Justin became fearful of doctors and nurses because doctors and nurses were paired with painful shots.Justin's doctor has his office in a round brick building.Now any round brick building will elicit fear and crying from Justin.Becoming fearful of round buildings because they were associated with his doctor is an example of

Through behavioral therapy, Jennifer was able to extinguish her fear of dogs and to actually pet a dog without tensing up.However, Jennifer has a new neighbor with a large dog that growled at her the first time she tried to pet it.Now, Jennifer's fearfulness toward all dogs has returned.This reoccurrence of her past fear is an example of

Classical conditioning is based on _____, while operant conditioning is based on _____.

Often _____ is the most effective method of helping people to overcome their irrational fears.

A _____ is any event that increases the probability that a response will occur again.

Which psychologist developed a conditioning apparatus and provided various practical applications of operant conditioning?

A linked series of actions that lead to reinforcement is the definition of which of the following concepts?

Rituals to bring rain, ward off illness, or produce abundant crops very likely earn the faith of participants because they occasionally appear to succeed.This illustrates