Question 1

Which of the following is true of a child's language development?

Accepted Answer

A)  To develop normal language, a child needs immediate reinforcement for each correct statement. 
B)  As early as age 2 1/2 to 3 years, children's language errors imply that they are using grammatical rules. 
C)  The stages of language development and the mean ages of reaching them vary greatly from one society to another. 
D)  Up to at least age 4, most of a child's phrases and sentences are copied directly from what they have heard other people say. 
A)  To develop normal language, a child needs immediate reinforcement for each correct statement. 
B)  As early as age 2 1/2 to 3 years, children's language errors imply that they are using grammatical rules. 
C)  The stages of language development and the mean ages of reaching them vary greatly from one society to another. 
D)  Up to at least age 4, most of a child's phrases and sentences are copied directly from what they have heard other people say.

Question 2

How many morphemes are in the word "winters"?

Accepted Answer

A)  1 
B)  2 
C)  5 
D)  7 
A)  1 
B)  2 
C)  5 
D)  7

Question 3

When people are made to focus on only one letter in the middle of a sentence, they typically can

Accepted Answer

A)  see only that one letter. 
B)  see letters and objects to the right of the focus letter, but not to the left of it. 
C)  see several letters on both the right and the left of the focus letter. 
D)  discover several "layers" of content in the sentences they are viewing. 
A)  see only that one letter. 
B)  see letters and objects to the right of the focus letter, but not to the left of it. 
C)  see several letters on both the right and the left of the focus letter. 
D)  discover several "layers" of content in the sentences they are viewing.

Question 4

People are most likely to be overconfident in the accuracy of their predictions when predicting

Accepted Answer

A)  events that are virtually certain to occur. 
B)  changes in the weather. 
C)  the accomplishments of other people. 
D)  their own accomplishments. 
A)  events that are virtually certain to occur. 
B)  changes in the weather. 
C)  the accomplishments of other people. 
D)  their own accomplishments.

Question 5

The attentional blink has been shown to be longer than normal in

Accepted Answer

A)  left-handers. 
B)  speed readers. 
C)  people with attention deficit disorder. 
D)  college graduates. 
A)  left-handers. 
B)  speed readers. 
C)  people with attention deficit disorder. 
D)  college graduates.

Question 6

Base-rate information is information about

Accepted Answer

A)  whether the results of an experiment correspond to theoretical predictions. 
B)  how rare or common something is. 
C)  how similar something is to typical members of a category. 
D)  how something varies from one person to another. 
A)  whether the results of an experiment correspond to theoretical predictions. 
B)  how rare or common something is. 
C)  how similar something is to typical members of a category. 
D)  how something varies from one person to another.

Question 7

Dr. Rhea D. Zeiner has been hired to improve the cockpit of an airplane. She observes that the main row of control gauges has needles pointing in several different directions for safety zones. She corrects this problem by designing gauges that all point in the same direction when things are operating properly. This is an example of the effective use of

Accepted Answer

A)  attention deficits. 
B)  preattentive processes. 
C)  interior design. 
D)  visual cliff techniques. 
A)  attention deficits. 
B)  preattentive processes. 
C)  interior design. 
D)  visual cliff techniques.

Question 8

People performing a Stroop task will generally

Accepted Answer

A)  make many errors stating the color name instead of the color the word is printed in. 
B)  miss a subtle change in a movie scene unless they focus their attention on it. 
C)  categorize a fish as an animal faster than a trout as an animal. 
D)  confuse the number of phonemes in a color word with the number of morphemes. 
A)  make many errors stating the color name instead of the color the word is printed in. 
B)  miss a subtle change in a movie scene unless they focus their attention on it. 
C)  categorize a fish as an animal faster than a trout as an animal. 
D)  confuse the number of phonemes in a color word with the number of morphemes.

Question 9

Suppose that at a given moment units in your memory corresponding to the letters C, O, I, and N are moderately active, but not active enough for definite identification. According to a connectionist model, what would happen?

Accepted Answer

A)  The units would excite a higher-order unit corresponding to the word COIN, which would feed back to excite the individual letters. 
B)  The units would excite a higher-order unit corresponding to the word COIN, which would feed back to inhibit the individual letters. 
C)  The units would inhibit a higher-order unit corresponding to the word COIN. 
D)  The higher-order unit corresponding to the word COIN would be unaffected until each of the four individual letters was positively identified. 
A)  The units would excite a higher-order unit corresponding to the word COIN, which would feed back to excite the individual letters. 
B)  The units would excite a higher-order unit corresponding to the word COIN, which would feed back to inhibit the individual letters. 
C)  The units would inhibit a higher-order unit corresponding to the word COIN. 
D)  The higher-order unit corresponding to the word COIN would be unaffected until each of the four individual letters was positively identified.

Question 10

You are asked to determine which of two people is an expert chess player. (The other one is a beginner.) You could quickly do so by answering the following question:

Accepted Answer

A)  Which one is better at memorizing the positions of chess pieces arranged randomly on a chessboard? 
B)  Which one can correctly describe the position of the pieces at the beginning of the game? 
C)  Which one is better at memorizing the positions of chess pieces arranged on the board as they might actually occur during a game? 
D)  Which one would prefer to use the white pieces instead of the black pieces? 
A)  Which one is better at memorizing the positions of chess pieces arranged randomly on a chessboard? 
B)  Which one can correctly describe the position of the pieces at the beginning of the game? 
C)  Which one is better at memorizing the positions of chess pieces arranged on the board as they might actually occur during a game? 
D)  Which one would prefer to use the white pieces instead of the black pieces?

Question 11

You are given a candle, a box of matches, a few thumbtacks, and a very short piece of string with the instruction to mount the candle on a wall. It never occurs to you that you could empty the matchbox and tack it to the wall as a platform for the candle because of

Accepted Answer

A)  the framing effect. 
B)  the sunk cost effect. 
C)  functional fixedness. 
D)  an algorithmic dysfunction. 
A)  the framing effect. 
B)  the sunk cost effect. 
C)  functional fixedness. 
D)  an algorithmic dysfunction.

Question 12

In an experiment a cough or a tone replaced the first "s" in the word "legislatures" in a sentence the subjects were listening to. The results of this experiment support the idea that

Accepted Answer

A)  we first hear each letter separately, then combine them into words. 
B)  we hear words as a whole, rather than a group of separate sounds (letters). 
C)  we interpret words independently of their context. 
D)  we block from consciousness any word that does not make sense in a sentence. 
A)  we first hear each letter separately, then combine them into words. 
B)  we hear words as a whole, rather than a group of separate sounds (letters). 
C)  we interpret words independently of their context. 
D)  we block from consciousness any word that does not make sense in a sentence.

Question 13

Functional fixedness is a special case of the:

Accepted Answer

A)  base-rate information effect. 
B)  framing effect. 
C)  sunk cost effect. 
D)  confirmation bias. 
A)  base-rate information effect. 
B)  framing effect. 
C)  sunk cost effect. 
D)  confirmation bias.

Question 14

Suppose you have been asked to find as many prime numbers as possible. (A prime number is one that cannot be evenly divided by any smaller integer other than 1.) You know that it is impossible to test all the positive integers, so you devise a strategy for testing only certain numbers that you guess might be primes. Your way of solving this problem makes use of

Accepted Answer

A)  heuristics. 
B)  an algorithm. 
C)  a prototype. 
D)  base-rate information. 
A)  heuristics. 
B)  an algorithm. 
C)  a prototype. 
D)  base-rate information.

Question 15

In the 1960s and 1970s Gardner and Gardner were able to teach a chimpanzee (named Washoe) to communicate by

Accepted Answer

A)  imitating human voice sounds. 
B)  writing. 
C)  typing on a computer terminal. 
D)  sign language. 
A)  imitating human voice sounds. 
B)  writing. 
C)  typing on a computer terminal. 
D)  sign language.

Question 16

Our relatively stable ability to see a limit of about 11 letters means that

Accepted Answer

A)  our reading span is not limited just by how many letters can fit into the fovea of our retinas. 
B)  we only see letters to the right of the fixation letter and never any to the left. 
C)  we see letters much better than we see numbers. 
D)  letters which do not identify a word are "seen" most easily. 
A)  our reading span is not limited just by how many letters can fit into the fovea of our retinas. 
B)  we only see letters to the right of the fixation letter and never any to the left. 
C)  we see letters much better than we see numbers. 
D)  letters which do not identify a word are "seen" most easily.

Question 17

Attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is most commonly treated with?

Accepted Answer

A)  antidepressant medications. 
B)  stimulant medications. 
C)  antipsychotic medications. 
D)  depressant medications. 
A)  antidepressant medications. 
B)  stimulant medications. 
C)  antipsychotic medications. 
D)  depressant medications.

Question 18

According to the conceptual network approach, which of the following questions should most people answer most rapidly? Do fashion models

Accepted Answer

A)  draw pictures? 
B)  drive cars? 
C)  sometimes get sick? 
D)  wear dresses? 
A)  draw pictures? 
B)  drive cars? 
C)  sometimes get sick? 
D)  wear dresses?

Question 19

In those rare cases where children are not exposed to language (for example, separated from adults and growing up in a forest), they

Accepted Answer

A)  have not developed a language of their own, but typically become fluent within a few months when exposed to language. 
B)  have not developed a language of their own and learn very little language when exposed to it. 
C)  usually have a few words that describe natural objects such as trees and rivers, but have difficulty learning words for social concepts. 
D)  often have a rich language that is related in many ways to Latin. 
A)  have not developed a language of their own, but typically become fluent within a few months when exposed to language. 
B)  have not developed a language of their own and learn very little language when exposed to it. 
C)  usually have a few words that describe natural objects such as trees and rivers, but have difficulty learning words for social concepts. 
D)  often have a rich language that is related in many ways to Latin.

Question 20

The study of how people think, acquire knowledge, imagine, plan, and solve problems is called __________ psychology.

Accepted Answer

A)  semantic 
B)  cognitive 
C)  functional 
D)  operational 
A)  semantic 
B)  cognitive 
C)  functional 
D)  operational

Exam 8: Cognition and Language

Which of the following is true of a child's language development?

How many morphemes are in the word "winters"?

When people are made to focus on only one letter in the middle of a sentence, they typically can

People are most likely to be overconfident in the accuracy of their predictions when predicting

The attentional blink has been shown to be longer than normal in

Base-rate information is information about

People performing a Stroop task will generally

Suppose that at a given moment units in your memory corresponding to the letters C, O, I, and N are moderately active, but not active enough for definite identification. According to a connectionist model, what would happen?

You are asked to determine which of two people is an expert chess player. (The other one is a beginner.) You could quickly do so by answering the following question:

You are given a candle, a box of matches, a few thumbtacks, and a very short piece of string with the instruction to mount the candle on a wall. It never occurs to you that you could empty the matchbox and tack it to the wall as a platform for the candle because of

In an experiment a cough or a tone replaced the first "s" in the word "legislatures" in a sentence the subjects were listening to. The results of this experiment support the idea that

Functional fixedness is a special case of the:

In the 1960s and 1970s Gardner and Gardner were able to teach a chimpanzee (named Washoe) to communicate by

Our relatively stable ability to see a limit of about 11 letters means that

Attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is most commonly treated with?

According to the conceptual network approach, which of the following questions should most people answer most rapidly? Do fashion models

In those rare cases where children are not exposed to language (for example, separated from adults and growing up in a forest), they

The study of how people think, acquire knowledge, imagine, plan, and solve problems is called __________ psychology.

What Is Psychology

A --What Is Psychology

Scientific Methods in Psychology

A--Scientific Methods in Psychology

Biological Psychology

A--Biological Psychology

Sensation and Perception

A--Sensation and Perception

Nature, Nurture, and Human Development

A--Nature, Nurture, and Human Development

Learning

A--Learning

Memory

A--Memory

A--Cognition and Language

Intelligence

A--Intelligence

Consciousness

A--Consciousness

Motivated Behaviors

A--Motivated Behaviors

Emotional Behaviors, Stress, and Health

A--Emotional Behaviors, Stress, and Health

Social Psychology

A--Social Psychology

Personality

A--Personality

Abnormality, Therapy, and Social Issues

A--Abnormality, Therapy, and Social Issues

Specific Disorders and Treatments

A--Specific Disorders and Treatments

Exam Extenssion: S 1-16--Final Examination

Filters