Question 1

A study investigating the effects of a naturally occurring event on the research participants is known as:

Accepted Answer

A) a correlational research. 
B) a case study research. 
C) the double-blind technique. 
D) a natural experiment. 
A) a correlational research. 
B) a case study research. 
C) the double-blind technique. 
D) a natural experiment.

Question 2

When comparing fMRIs to PET scans, you can see that:

Accepted Answer

A) PET scans provide a much sharper picture than fMRIs. 
B) PET scans use less radioactive glucose than fMRIs. 
C) fMRIs provide a picture of brain activity averaged over seconds rather than the several minutes that PET scans require. 
D) PET scans can be used to study the details of much smaller brain structures than fMRIs. 
A) PET scans provide a much sharper picture than fMRIs. 
B) PET scans use less radioactive glucose than fMRIs. 
C) fMRIs provide a picture of brain activity averaged over seconds rather than the several minutes that PET scans require. 
D) PET scans can be used to study the details of much smaller brain structures than fMRIs.

Question 3

To identify which brain areas are most active when a person suffering from schizophrenia has hallucinations, researchers could use a(n) _____ scan to track the use of radioactively tagged glucose throughout the brain.

Accepted Answer

A) MRI 
B) PET 
C) fMRI 
D) ECT 
A) MRI 
B) PET 
C) fMRI 
D) ECT

Question 4

The branch of psychology that focuses on the study of the behavior of different animal species is called _____ psychology.

Accepted Answer

A) evolutionary 
B) comparative 
C) experimental 
D) biological 
A) evolutionary 
B) comparative 
C) experimental 
D) biological

Question 5

In an experiment the dependent variable is:

Accepted Answer

A) always equivalent to zero. 
B) the factor that is measured for change and influenced by the independent variable. 
C) measured only in the control group participants. 
D) deliberately manipulated by the researcher. 
A) always equivalent to zero. 
B) the factor that is measured for change and influenced by the independent variable. 
C) measured only in the control group participants. 
D) deliberately manipulated by the researcher.

Question 6

When psychologists systematically observe and record behaviors as they occur in their natural settings, they are using a descriptive method called:

Accepted Answer

A) case study survey research. 
B) meta-analysis. 
C) naturalistic observation. 
D) experimental research. 
A) case study survey research. 
B) meta-analysis. 
C) naturalistic observation. 
D) experimental research.

Question 7

Behaviorism was characterized by:

Accepted Answer

A) the rejection of consciousness as a topic in psychology and a focus on observable behavior. 
B) a narrow focus upon consciousness and conscious experience. 
C) a focus on the importance of free will, self-determination, and psychological growth. 
D) an emphasis upon the unconscious determinants of personality. 
A) the rejection of consciousness as a topic in psychology and a focus on observable behavior. 
B) a narrow focus upon consciousness and conscious experience. 
C) a focus on the importance of free will, self-determination, and psychological growth. 
D) an emphasis upon the unconscious determinants of personality.

Question 8

A pseudoscience is a:

Accepted Answer

A) specific branch of science focused on a single issue and based on compelling empirical evidence. 
B) group of different sciences, such as psychology, sociology, and anthropology, that focus on the same general issue. 
C) fake or false science that is based on little or no scientific evidence. 
D) form of science that emphasizes findings that have practical value (applied science) rather than new knowledge just for the sake of new knowledge (pure science). 
A) specific branch of science focused on a single issue and based on compelling empirical evidence. 
B) group of different sciences, such as psychology, sociology, and anthropology, that focus on the same general issue. 
C) fake or false science that is based on little or no scientific evidence. 
D) form of science that emphasizes findings that have practical value (applied science) rather than new knowledge just for the sake of new knowledge (pure science).

Question 9

According to the Focus on Neuroscience "Psychological Research Using Brain Imaging," which of the following statements is a potential limitation of brain imaging?

Accepted Answer

A) It is now considered unethical to use these techniques on humans, only animal studies are permitted. 
B) Brain-imaging studies usually involve a small number of participants and tend to focus on simple aspects of behavior. 
C) Brain imaging may not increase understanding of a psychological process. 
D) Brain imaging is not necessarily a more "scientific" explanation. 
A) It is now considered unethical to use these techniques on humans, only animal studies are permitted. 
B) Brain-imaging studies usually involve a small number of participants and tend to focus on simple aspects of behavior. 
C) Brain imaging may not increase understanding of a psychological process. 
D) Brain imaging is not necessarily a more "scientific" explanation.

Question 10

Which of the following is a limitation of case studies?

Accepted Answer

A) They tell us little about rare, unusual, or extreme conditions. 
B) Findings on people with rare or unusual characteristics might not apply to people in the broader population. 
C) They are often influenced by experimenter bias. 
D) Participants do not always answer questions honestly, especially when asked about sensitive topics. 
A) They tell us little about rare, unusual, or extreme conditions. 
B) Findings on people with rare or unusual characteristics might not apply to people in the broader population. 
C) They are often influenced by experimenter bias. 
D) Participants do not always answer questions honestly, especially when asked about sensitive topics.

Question 11

According to the "Psych for Your Life: Successful Study Techniques" box in your textbook,

Accepted Answer

A) multitasking while studying can enhance retention of content. 
B) taking notes on your laptop enhances retention of content, whereas taking notes by hand reduces retention. 
C) repeated study has a greater effect on final test performance than repeated testing. 
D) distributed practice has a greater impact on retention and recall than massed practice. 
A) multitasking while studying can enhance retention of content. 
B) taking notes on your laptop enhances retention of content, whereas taking notes by hand reduces retention. 
C) repeated study has a greater effect on final test performance than repeated testing. 
D) distributed practice has a greater impact on retention and recall than massed practice.

Question 12

Which type of research method is used to show that one variable causes change in another variable?

Accepted Answer

A) naturalistic observation 
B) survey 
C) experimental research 
D) descriptive method 
A) naturalistic observation 
B) survey 
C) experimental research 
D) descriptive method

Question 13

In survey research, the term sample refers to a(n):

Accepted Answer

A) preliminary questionnaire that is used to develop the final survey. 
B) selected segment of the larger group that is to be studied. 
C) small pilot study that is later repeated using a larger group of participants. 
D) entire group of people the researchers want to study. 
A) preliminary questionnaire that is used to develop the final survey. 
B) selected segment of the larger group that is to be studied. 
C) small pilot study that is later repeated using a larger group of participants. 
D) entire group of people the researchers want to study.

Question 14

Walter, a student in Grade 5, received counseling and an assessment from a professional who also consulted with his parents, teachers, and other educators. This professional is MOST likely a _____ psychologist.

Accepted Answer

A) health 
B) forensic 
C) rehabilitation 
D) school 
A) health 
B) forensic 
C) rehabilitation 
D) school

Question 15

A case study is a(n):

Accepted Answer

A) intensive in-depth investigation of an individual, a family, or some other social unit. 
B) method of determining whether an experiment reflects natural conditions. 
C) survey involving only people who are likely to confirm the experimenter's hypothesis. 
D) study involving multiple participants who all suffer from the same psychological problems and are given the same experimental treatment. 
A) intensive in-depth investigation of an individual, a family, or some other social unit. 
B) method of determining whether an experiment reflects natural conditions. 
C) survey involving only people who are likely to confirm the experimenter's hypothesis. 
D) study involving multiple participants who all suffer from the same psychological problems and are given the same experimental treatment.

Question 16

Which of the following descriptions is a definition of the confirmation bias?

Accepted Answer

A) It is the tendency to seek out evidence that confirms a claim or belief while ignoring evidence that contradicts or undermines the claim or belief. 
B) It is a belief that irrefutable or nonfalsifiable claims can be used to confirm the existence of pseudoscientific methods and practices. 
C) It is the tendency for subtle cues or signals, expressed by the researcher, to bias participants so that they attempt to confirm the hypothesis being tested. 
D) It is the belief that testimonials are the best type of empirical evidence to confirm pseudoscientific claims. 
A) It is the tendency to seek out evidence that confirms a claim or belief while ignoring evidence that contradicts or undermines the claim or belief. 
B) It is a belief that irrefutable or nonfalsifiable claims can be used to confirm the existence of pseudoscientific methods and practices. 
C) It is the tendency for subtle cues or signals, expressed by the researcher, to bias participants so that they attempt to confirm the hypothesis being tested. 
D) It is the belief that testimonials are the best type of empirical evidence to confirm pseudoscientific claims.

Question 17

Random assignment refers to a procedure that:

Accepted Answer

A) ensures that all participants have an equal chance of being assigned to any of the experimental conditions or groups. 
B) helps psychologists determine which factors should be defined as dependent variables. 
C) is used in statistics to determine whether results are random or simply due to chance. 
D) randomly assigns different procedures to different researchers in order to minimize experimenter bias. 
A) ensures that all participants have an equal chance of being assigned to any of the experimental conditions or groups. 
B) helps psychologists determine which factors should be defined as dependent variables. 
C) is used in statistics to determine whether results are random or simply due to chance. 
D) randomly assigns different procedures to different researchers in order to minimize experimenter bias.

Exam 1: Section 2: Introduction and Research Methods

A study investigating the effects of a naturally occurring event on the research participants is known as:

When comparing fMRIs to PET scans, you can see that:

To identify which brain areas are most active when a person suffering from schizophrenia has hallucinations, researchers could use a(n) _____ scan to track the use of radioactively tagged glucose throughout the brain.

The branch of psychology that focuses on the study of the behavior of different animal species is called _____ psychology.

In an experiment the dependent variable is:

When psychologists systematically observe and record behaviors as they occur in their natural settings, they are using a descriptive method called:

Behaviorism was characterized by:

A pseudoscience is a:

According to the Focus on Neuroscience "Psychological Research Using Brain Imaging," which of the following statements is a potential limitation of brain imaging?

Which of the following is a limitation of case studies?

According to the "Psych for Your Life: Successful Study Techniques" box in your textbook,

Which type of research method is used to show that one variable causes change in another variable?

In survey research, the term sample refers to a(n):

Walter, a student in Grade 5, received counseling and an assessment from a professional who also consulted with his parents, teachers, and other educators. This professional is MOST likely a _____ psychologist.

A case study is a(n):

Which of the following descriptions is a definition of the confirmation bias?

Random assignment refers to a procedure that:

Section 1: Introduction and Research Methods

Section 3: Introduction and Research Methods

Section 4: Introduction and Research Methods

Section 5: Introduction and Research Methods

Section 1: Neuroscience and Behavior

Section 2: Neuroscience and Behavior

Section 3: Neuroscience and Behavior

Section 4: Neuroscience and Behavior

Section 5: Neuroscience and Behavior

Section 1: Sensation and Perception

Section 2: Sensation and Perception

Section 3: Sensation and Perception

Section 4: Sensation and Perception

Section 5: Sensation and Perception

Section 1: Consciousness and Its Variations

Section 2: Consciousness and Its Variations

Section 3: Consciousness and Its Variations

Section 4: Consciousness and Its Variations

Section 5: Consciousness and Its Variations

Section 1: Learning

Section 2: Learning

Section 3: Learning

Section 4: Learning

Section 5: Learning

Section 1: Memory

Section 2: Memory

Section 3: Memory

Section 4: Memory

Section 5: Memory

Section 1: Thinking, Language, and Intelligence

Section 2: Thinking, Language, and Intelligence

Section 3: Thinking, Language, and Intelligence

Section 4: Thinking, Language, and Intelligence

Section 5: Thinking, Language, and Intelligence

Section 1: Motivation and Emotion

Section 2: Motivation and Emotion

Section 3: Motivation and Emotion

Section 4: Motivation and Emotion

Section 5: Motivation and Emotion

Section 1: Lifespan Development

Section 2: Lifespan Development

Section 3: Lifespan Development

Section 4: Lifespan Development

Section 5: Lifespan Development

Section 1: Personality

Section 2: Personality

Section 3: Personality

Section 4: Personality

Section 5: Personality

Section 1: Social Psychology

Section 2: Social Psychology

Section 3: Social Psychology

Section 4: Social Psychology

Section 5: Social Psychology

Section 1: Stress, Health, and Coping

Section 2: Stress, Health, and Coping

Section 3: Stress, Health, and Coping

Section 4: Stress, Health, and Coping

Section 5: Stress, Health, and Coping

Section 1: Psychological Disorders

Section 2: Psychological Disorders

Section 3: Psychological Disorders