Question 1

A placebo is:

Accepted Answer

A) a fake substance, treatment, or procedure that has no known direct effects. 
B) the dependent variable in an experiment testing drug effects. 
C) a statistical technique used to eliminate errors in measurement. 
D) a drug that is supplied to the experimental groups. 
A) a fake substance, treatment, or procedure that has no known direct effects. 
B) the dependent variable in an experiment testing drug effects. 
C) a statistical technique used to eliminate errors in measurement. 
D) a drug that is supplied to the experimental groups.

Question 2

One limitation of naturalistic experiments is that:

Accepted Answer

A) they tell us nothing about cause-and-effect relationships. 
B) they are often biased by researcher expectations. 
C) researchers cannot assign large numbers of participants to long-term living situations. 
D) researchers carry them out in a laboratory, which may not reflect real-life situations. 
A) they tell us nothing about cause-and-effect relationships. 
B) they are often biased by researcher expectations. 
C) researchers cannot assign large numbers of participants to long-term living situations. 
D) researchers carry them out in a laboratory, which may not reflect real-life situations.

Question 3

What process is most commonly used to select survey participants so that they are a representative sample of the population that is being studied?

Accepted Answer

A) double-blind selection 
B) single-blind selection 
C) random selection 
D) using only those participants who volunteer to be part of the study 
A) double-blind selection 
B) single-blind selection 
C) random selection 
D) using only those participants who volunteer to be part of the study

Question 4

The term cognitive revolution refers to:

Accepted Answer

A) the founding of humanistic psychology as the "third force" in psychology, which strongly opposed psychoanalysis and behaviorism. 
B) a renewed emphasis upon the study of mental processes, which represented a break from traditional behaviorism. 
C) the discovery of the role played by neurotransmitters in the brain during complex behaviors. 
D) the revolt of research participants against unethical practices and experiments, which led to new ethical standards in psychology. 
A) the founding of humanistic psychology as the "third force" in psychology, which strongly opposed psychoanalysis and behaviorism. 
B) a renewed emphasis upon the study of mental processes, which represented a break from traditional behaviorism. 
C) the discovery of the role played by neurotransmitters in the brain during complex behaviors. 
D) the revolt of research participants against unethical practices and experiments, which led to new ethical standards in psychology.

Question 5

Which of the following statements is a key advantage of naturalistic observation?

Accepted Answer

A) Researchers can manipulate animal and human behavior. 
B) Operational definitions are not needed, since only natural behaviors are studied. 
C) Researchers can easily duplicate conditions that have been first investigated in laboratory settings. 
D) Researchers can study behavior that could not ethically be manipulated in an experiment. 
A) Researchers can manipulate animal and human behavior. 
B) Operational definitions are not needed, since only natural behaviors are studied. 
C) Researchers can easily duplicate conditions that have been first investigated in laboratory settings. 
D) Researchers can study behavior that could not ethically be manipulated in an experiment.

Question 6

Harmon wants to study the conditions under which some children are rejected by their peers. Daily, from the beginning of a school year, she carefully watches and records the behavior of kindergartners, first graders, and second graders in the classroom and on the playground. Dr. Harmon is using:

Accepted Answer

A) a survey. 
B) naturalistic observation. 
C) a case study. 
D) experimental research. 
A) a survey. 
B) naturalistic observation. 
C) a case study. 
D) experimental research.

Question 7

You are a subject in an experiment, and you are told: "Look at this apple very carefully and tell me your exact sensations and feelings as you experience them." The experimenter in this study probably believes in what school of psychology?

Accepted Answer

A) psychoanalysis 
B) functionalism 
C) structuralism 
D) behaviorism 
A) psychoanalysis 
B) functionalism 
C) structuralism 
D) behaviorism

Question 8

A theory:

Accepted Answer

A) is another term for a hypothesis. 
B) integrates and summarizes diverse findings on the same topic. 
C) is based strictly on speculation with little or no empirical evidence. 
D) is a statement of absolute fact that eventually becomes a scientific law. 
A) is another term for a hypothesis. 
B) integrates and summarizes diverse findings on the same topic. 
C) is based strictly on speculation with little or no empirical evidence. 
D) is a statement of absolute fact that eventually becomes a scientific law.

Question 9

A _____ is a specific question or prediction to be tested, whereas a(n) _____ tries to integrate and summarize a large number of findings on a particular topic.

Accepted Answer

A) hypothesis; theory 
B) variable; operational definition 
C) theory; hypothesis 
D) descriptive method; experimental method 
A) hypothesis; theory 
B) variable; operational definition 
C) theory; hypothesis 
D) descriptive method; experimental method

Question 10

Joanna has suffered a series of personal setbacks, including the death of a family member, academic problems in college, and a divorce. She feels so sad, upset, and lonely that she is contemplating suicide. Joanna could probably be BEST helped by a(n) _____ psychologist.

Accepted Answer

A) experimental 
B) clinical 
C) industrial/organizational 
D) educational 
A) experimental 
B) clinical 
C) industrial/organizational 
D) educational

Question 11

The practice of applying magnets to the body to supposedly treat various conditions and ailments is called:

Accepted Answer

A) transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS). 
B) magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). 
C) magnet therapy. 
D) positron emission tomography (PET). 
A) transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS). 
B) magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). 
C) magnet therapy. 
D) positron emission tomography (PET).

Question 12

Behaviorism focuses on _____.

Accepted Answer

A) unconscious influences 
B) dreams 
C) observable behaviors 
D) early life experiences 
A) unconscious influences 
B) dreams 
C) observable behaviors 
D) early life experiences

Question 13

Neuroscience refers to the study of the:

Accepted Answer

A) endocrine system. 
B) immune system. 
C) nervous system. 
D) genome. 
A) endocrine system. 
B) immune system. 
C) nervous system. 
D) genome.

Question 14

Which of the following statements is NOT one of the reasons that animals are used in psychological research?

Accepted Answer

A) There are many similarities between human and animal behavior. 
B) It is often easier to study changes over the lifespan with nonhuman animals. 
C) Research with nonhuman animal research is not subject to ethical rules and guidelines. 
D) The results may promote the quality of life for zoo animals and the survival of endangered species in the wild. 
A) There are many similarities between human and animal behavior. 
B) It is often easier to study changes over the lifespan with nonhuman animals. 
C) Research with nonhuman animal research is not subject to ethical rules and guidelines. 
D) The results may promote the quality of life for zoo animals and the survival of endangered species in the wild.

Question 15

Kamila is a graduate student who is preparing for a career in which she will examine the relationship between people and work, with the goal of improving employee morale and the efficiency of the companies that she will work for. Kamila is training to become a(n) _____ psychologist.

Accepted Answer

A) clinical 
B) industrial/organizational 
C) social 
D) applied 
A) clinical 
B) industrial/organizational 
C) social 
D) applied

Question 16

Professor Nelson wishes to investigate the relationship between stress and visits to the college mental health clinic. Which of the following research methods would be MOST appropriate?

Accepted Answer

A) pseudoscientific research 
B) correlational study 
C) meta-analysis 
D) naturalistic experiment 
A) pseudoscientific research 
B) correlational study 
C) meta-analysis 
D) naturalistic experiment

Question 17

Professor Nichols is interested in child prodigies. For example, she followed the development of a 3-year-old child who already spoke 6 languages, taught herself how to play the piano, flute, and violin, and composed music that most experienced adults are unable to do. Which type of research is MOST likely used by Professor Nichols in this scenario?

Accepted Answer

A) survey 
B) naturalistic observation 
C) case study 
D) meta-analysis 
A) survey 
B) naturalistic observation 
C) case study 
D) meta-analysis

Question 18

To increase the likelihood that he will retain information while studying for his Introduction to Psychology exam, Brayden should

Accepted Answer

A) multitask while studying. 
B) engage in massed practice. 
C) avoid taking notes by hand, and use the laptop or any other electronic device to take notes. 
D) highlight no more than one or two points per paragraph in the study material. 
A) multitask while studying. 
B) engage in massed practice. 
C) avoid taking notes by hand, and use the laptop or any other electronic device to take notes. 
D) highlight no more than one or two points per paragraph in the study material.

Question 19

Sample is to population as _____ is to _____.

Accepted Answer

A) random selection; naturalistic observation 
B) some; all 
C) case study; survey 
D) case study; multiple case study 
A) random selection; naturalistic observation 
B) some; all 
C) case study; survey 
D) case study; multiple case study

Question 20

During the 1960s the movement away from traditional behaviorism and toward the study of how mental processes influence behavior was called:

Accepted Answer

A) "the cognitive revolution" and was influenced by the development of the first computers. 
B) the "third force" in American psychology. 
C) the positive psychology perspective. 
D) the humanistic perspective. 
A) "the cognitive revolution" and was influenced by the development of the first computers. 
B) the "third force" in American psychology. 
C) the positive psychology perspective. 
D) the humanistic perspective.

Exam 1: Section 2: Introduction and Research Methods

A placebo is:

One limitation of naturalistic experiments is that:

What process is most commonly used to select survey participants so that they are a representative sample of the population that is being studied?

The term cognitive revolution refers to:

Which of the following statements is a key advantage of naturalistic observation?

Harmon wants to study the conditions under which some children are rejected by their peers. Daily, from the beginning of a school year, she carefully watches and records the behavior of kindergartners, first graders, and second graders in the classroom and on the playground. Dr. Harmon is using:

You are a subject in an experiment, and you are told: "Look at this apple very carefully and tell me your exact sensations and feelings as you experience them." The experimenter in this study probably believes in what school of psychology?

A theory:

A _____ is a specific question or prediction to be tested, whereas a(n) _____ tries to integrate and summarize a large number of findings on a particular topic.

Joanna has suffered a series of personal setbacks, including the death of a family member, academic problems in college, and a divorce. She feels so sad, upset, and lonely that she is contemplating suicide. Joanna could probably be BEST helped by a(n) _____ psychologist.

The practice of applying magnets to the body to supposedly treat various conditions and ailments is called:

Behaviorism focuses on _____.

Neuroscience refers to the study of the:

Which of the following statements is NOT one of the reasons that animals are used in psychological research?

Kamila is a graduate student who is preparing for a career in which she will examine the relationship between people and work, with the goal of improving employee morale and the efficiency of the companies that she will work for. Kamila is training to become a(n) _____ psychologist.

Professor Nelson wishes to investigate the relationship between stress and visits to the college mental health clinic. Which of the following research methods would be MOST appropriate?

To increase the likelihood that he will retain information while studying for his Introduction to Psychology exam, Brayden should

Sample is to population as _____ is to _____.

During the 1960s the movement away from traditional behaviorism and toward the study of how mental processes influence behavior was called:

Section 1: Introduction and Research Methods

Section 3: Introduction and Research Methods

Section 4: Introduction and Research Methods

Section 5: Introduction and Research Methods

Section 1: Neuroscience and Behavior

Section 2: Neuroscience and Behavior

Section 3: Neuroscience and Behavior

Section 4: Neuroscience and Behavior

Section 5: Neuroscience and Behavior

Section 1: Sensation and Perception

Section 2: Sensation and Perception

Section 3: Sensation and Perception

Section 4: Sensation and Perception

Section 5: Sensation and Perception

Section 1: Consciousness and Its Variations

Section 2: Consciousness and Its Variations

Section 3: Consciousness and Its Variations

Section 4: Consciousness and Its Variations

Section 5: Consciousness and Its Variations

Section 1: Learning

Section 2: Learning

Section 3: Learning

Section 4: Learning

Section 5: Learning

Section 1: Memory

Section 2: Memory

Section 3: Memory

Section 4: Memory

Section 5: Memory

Section 1: Thinking, Language, and Intelligence

Section 2: Thinking, Language, and Intelligence

Section 3: Thinking, Language, and Intelligence

Section 4: Thinking, Language, and Intelligence

Section 5: Thinking, Language, and Intelligence

Section 1: Motivation and Emotion

Section 2: Motivation and Emotion

Section 3: Motivation and Emotion

Section 4: Motivation and Emotion

Section 5: Motivation and Emotion

Section 1: Lifespan Development

Section 2: Lifespan Development

Section 3: Lifespan Development

Section 4: Lifespan Development

Section 5: Lifespan Development

Section 1: Personality

Section 2: Personality

Section 3: Personality

Section 4: Personality

Section 5: Personality

Section 1: Social Psychology

Section 2: Social Psychology

Section 3: Social Psychology

Section 4: Social Psychology

Section 5: Social Psychology

Section 1: Stress, Health, and Coping

Section 2: Stress, Health, and Coping

Section 3: Stress, Health, and Coping

Section 4: Stress, Health, and Coping

Section 5: Stress, Health, and Coping

Section 1: Psychological Disorders

A _ is a specific question or prediction to be tested, whereas a(n) _ tries to integrate and summarize a large number of findings on a particular topic.

Sample is to population as _ is to _.