Question 1

According to the accompanying figure, which of the following explains why the red panda is an important species to preserve?

Accepted Answer

A)  Red pandas are a symbol of conservation efforts. 
B)  Red pandas live in areas that are critically endangered. 
C)  Seals are more important to preserve than the red panda because the ocean environment is critically endangered. 
D)  Phylogenetically distinct species are high-priority species to target for conservation. 
A)  Red pandas are a symbol of conservation efforts. 
B)  Red pandas live in areas that are critically endangered. 
C)  Seals are more important to preserve than the red panda because the ocean environment is critically endangered. 
D)  Phylogenetically distinct species are high-priority species to target for conservation. D

Question 2

During the inventory of bacterial genes present in the Sargasso Sea in the middle of the Atlantic Ocean, a research team concluded that at least 1800 bacterial species were discovered. Based on what you know about this area, what would you expect to see in coral reef waters?

Accepted Answer

A)  slightly greater genetic diversity 
B)  slightly smaller genetic diversity 
C)  equal genetic diversity 
D)  markedly greater genetic diversity 
E)  markedly smaller genetic diversity 
A)  slightly greater genetic diversity 
B)  slightly smaller genetic diversity 
C)  equal genetic diversity 
D)  markedly greater genetic diversity 
E)  markedly smaller genetic diversity D

Question 3

Although extinction is a natural process, current extinctions are of concern to environmentalists because ________.

Accepted Answer

A)  more animals than ever before are going extinct 
B)  most current extinctions are caused by introduced species 
C)  the rate of extinction is higher than background extinction rates 
D)  current extinction is primarily affecting plant diversity 
A)  more animals than ever before are going extinct 
B)  most current extinctions are caused by introduced species 
C)  the rate of extinction is higher than background extinction rates 
D)  current extinction is primarily affecting plant diversity C

Question 4

Ex situ conservation refers to ________.

Accepted Answer

A)  managing ecosystems to reduce effects of invasive species 
B)  introducing new alleles to populations 
C)  preserving species that are no longer found in the wild in zoos or aquaria 
D)  keeping seed banks of endangered plants 
E)  designing policies to prevent introduction of exotic species 
A)  managing ecosystems to reduce effects of invasive species 
B)  introducing new alleles to populations 
C)  preserving species that are no longer found in the wild in zoos or aquaria 
D)  keeping seed banks of endangered plants 
E)  designing policies to prevent introduction of exotic species

Question 5

In prairies, the presence of plants in the onion family may discourage herbivores within the prairie. This is an example of ________.

Accepted Answer

A)  facilitation 
B)  resource use efficiency 
C)  competition 
D)  predation 
A)  facilitation 
B)  resource use efficiency 
C)  competition 
D)  predation

Question 6

Which of the following is a TRUE statement regarding species diversity and taxonomic diversity?

Accepted Answer

A)  Species diversity measures the relative frequency of all alleles present in a species. 
B)  In taxonomic diversity, the number of species in a lineage is important. 
C)  In species diversity, the number of animals in a particular lineage is important. 
D)  The variety of species in a given area represents taxonomic diversity. 
A)  Species diversity measures the relative frequency of all alleles present in a species. 
B)  In taxonomic diversity, the number of species in a lineage is important. 
C)  In species diversity, the number of animals in a particular lineage is important. 
D)  The variety of species in a given area represents taxonomic diversity.

Question 7

Which of the following is a provisioning service of ecosystems?

Accepted Answer

A)  soil formation 
B)  recreation 
C)  nutrient cycling 
D)  providing genetic resources 
E)  education 
A)  soil formation 
B)  recreation 
C)  nutrient cycling 
D)  providing genetic resources 
E)  education

Question 8

The main factor that leads to the loss of biodiversity is ________.

Accepted Answer

A)  habitat fragmentation 
B)  habitat destruction 
C)  industrialization 
D)  transportation 
A)  habitat fragmentation 
B)  habitat destruction 
C)  industrialization 
D)  transportation

Question 9

Net primary productivity is important because ________.

Accepted Answer

A)  it is the source of chemical energy used by a species throughout a food web 
B)  It is not important because of the inefficiency of energy flow through food webs. 
C)  it leads to lower biodiversity within small areas 
D)  it can lead to the expiration of more CO2 into the atmosphere by plants 
A)  it is the source of chemical energy used by a species throughout a food web 
B)  It is not important because of the inefficiency of energy flow through food webs. 
C)  it leads to lower biodiversity within small areas 
D)  it can lead to the expiration of more CO2 into the atmosphere by plants

Question 10

Which of the following terms includes all of the others?

Accepted Answer

A)  species diversity 
B)  biodiversity 
C)  genetic diversity 
D)  ecosystem diversity 
E)  species richness 
A)  species diversity 
B)  biodiversity 
C)  genetic diversity 
D)  ecosystem diversity 
E)  species richness

Question 11

What type of ecosystem is most harmed by pollution?

Accepted Answer

A)  freshwater 
B)  ocean 
C)  tropical rain forest 
D)  temperate forest 
E)  savanna 
A)  freshwater 
B)  ocean 
C)  tropical rain forest 
D)  temperate forest 
E)  savanna

Question 12

Approximately what percentage of bird species are on the IUCN Red List?

Accepted Answer

A)  0 percent 
B)  13 percent 
C)  23 percent 
D)  33 percent 
E)  53 percent 
A)  0 percent 
B)  13 percent 
C)  23 percent 
D)  33 percent 
E)  53 percent

Question 13

Looking at the accompanying figure, what can be said about edge effects?

Accepted Answer

A)  Biomass declines along edges of forest fragments. 
B)  Biomass increases along the edges of forest fragments. 
C)  Species diversity decreases along the edges of forest fragments. 
D)  Fragmentation does not affect biomass. 
A)  Biomass declines along edges of forest fragments. 
B)  Biomass increases along the edges of forest fragments. 
C)  Species diversity decreases along the edges of forest fragments. 
D)  Fragmentation does not affect biomass.

Question 14

-Use the accompanying figure to answer this question: What factors have a positive effect on plant biomass, based on the data presented?

Accepted Answer

A)  plot number and species richness 
B)  No factors have a positive effect on plant biomass. 
C)  number of functional groups and species richness 
D)  plot size and type of plants in plot 
A)  plot number and species richness 
B)  No factors have a positive effect on plant biomass. 
C)  number of functional groups and species richness 
D)  plot size and type of plants in plot

Question 15

Which of the following have an impact on decisions about humans mitigating the extinctions and damages to ecosystem services?
I. Moral issues
II. Economic problems
III. Biological problems

Accepted Answer

A)  I and II only 
B)  II and III only 
C)  III only 
D)  I, II, and III 
A)  I and II only 
B)  II and III only 
C)  III only 
D)  I, II, and III

Question 16

Which of the following ecological locations has the greatest species diversity?

Accepted Answer

A)  tundra 
B)  deciduous forests 
C)  tropical rain forest 
D)  grasslands 
E)  islands 
A)  tundra 
B)  deciduous forests 
C)  tropical rain forest 
D)  grasslands 
E)  islands

Question 17

What are the criteria Conservation International has established to determine if an area is a conservation hot spot?

Accepted Answer

A)  The area contains at least 1500 endemic vascular plant species and has more than at least 50 percent of its traditional or primary vegetation. 
B)  The area contains at least 500 endemic vascular plant species and has lost at least 20 percent of its traditional or primary vegetation. 
C)  The area contains at least 500 endemic vascular plant species and has more than at least 50 percent of its traditional or primary vegetation. 
D)  The area contains at least 1500 endemic vascular plant species and has lost at least 70 percent of its traditional or primary vegetation. 
E)  The area contains at least 1500 endemic vascular plant species and has more than at least 70 percent of its traditional or primary vegetation. 
A)  The area contains at least 1500 endemic vascular plant species and has more than at least 50 percent of its traditional or primary vegetation. 
B)  The area contains at least 500 endemic vascular plant species and has lost at least 20 percent of its traditional or primary vegetation. 
C)  The area contains at least 500 endemic vascular plant species and has more than at least 50 percent of its traditional or primary vegetation. 
D)  The area contains at least 1500 endemic vascular plant species and has lost at least 70 percent of its traditional or primary vegetation. 
E)  The area contains at least 1500 endemic vascular plant species and has more than at least 70 percent of its traditional or primary vegetation.

Question 18

Which one of the following is LEAST likely to be a hot spot for birds?

Accepted Answer

A)  Amazon River basin 
B)  East Africa 
C)  Southwest China 
D)  Greenland 
A)  Amazon River basin 
B)  East Africa 
C)  Southwest China 
D)  Greenland

Question 19

The most serious consequence to humans of a decrease in global biodiversity would be the ________.

Accepted Answer

A)  increase in global warming and thinning of the ozone layer 
B)  potential loss of ecosystem services on which people depend 
C)  increase in the abundance and diversity of edge-adapted species 
D)  loss of sources of genetic diversity to preserve endangered species 
E)  loss of species for use as crops 
A)  increase in global warming and thinning of the ozone layer 
B)  potential loss of ecosystem services on which people depend 
C)  increase in the abundance and diversity of edge-adapted species 
D)  loss of sources of genetic diversity to preserve endangered species 
E)  loss of species for use as crops

Question 20

Success in the restoration of ecosystems is positively correlated with ________.
I. The size of the area restored
II. Increase in biodiversity
III. The intactness of surrounding areas

Accepted Answer

A)  I and II 
B)  I and III 
C)  I, II, and III 
D)  II 
E)  II and III 
A)  I and II 
B)  I and III 
C)  I, II, and III 
D)  II 
E)  II and III

Exam 54: Biodiversity and Conservation Biology

According to the accompanying figure, which of the following explains why the red panda is an important species to preserve?

During the inventory of bacterial genes present in the Sargasso Sea in the middle of the Atlantic Ocean, a research team concluded that at least 1800 bacterial species were discovered. Based on what you know about this area, what would you expect to see in coral reef waters?

Although extinction is a natural process, current extinctions are of concern to environmentalists because ________.

Ex situ conservation refers to ________.

In prairies, the presence of plants in the onion family may discourage herbivores within the prairie. This is an example of ________.

Which of the following is a TRUE statement regarding species diversity and taxonomic diversity?

Which of the following is a provisioning service of ecosystems?

The main factor that leads to the loss of biodiversity is ________.

Net primary productivity is important because ________.

Which of the following terms includes all of the others?

What type of ecosystem is most harmed by pollution?

Approximately what percentage of bird species are on the IUCN Red List?

Looking at the accompanying figure, what can be said about edge effects?

-Use the accompanying figure to answer this question: What factors have a positive effect on plant biomass, based on the data presented?

Which of the following have an impact on decisions about humans mitigating the extinctions and damages to ecosystem services? I. Moral issues II. Economic problems III. Biological problems

Which of the following ecological locations has the greatest species diversity?

What are the criteria Conservation International has established to determine if an area is a conservation hot spot?

Which one of the following is LEAST likely to be a hot spot for birds?

The most serious consequence to humans of a decrease in global biodiversity would be the ________.

Success in the restoration of ecosystems is positively correlated with ________. I. The size of the area restored II. Increase in biodiversity III. The intactness of surrounding areas

Biology and the Tree of Life

Water and Carbon: the Chemical Basis of Life

Protein Structure and Function

Nucleic Acids and the Rna World

An Introduction to Carbohydrates

Ecosystems and Global Ecology

Lipids, Membranes, and the First Cells

Inside the Cell

Energy and Enzymes: an Introduction to Metabolism

Cellular Respiration and Fermentation

Photosynthesis

Cellcell Interactions

The Cell Cycle

Meiosis

Mendel and the Gene

Dna and the Gene: Synthesis and Repair

How Genes Work

Transcription, Rna Processing, and Translation

Control of Gene Expression in Bacteria

Control of Gene Expression in Eukaryotes

The Molecular Revolution: Biotechnology and Beyond

Genes, Development, and Evolution

Evolution by Natural Selection

Evolutionary Processes

Speciation

Phylogenies and the History of Life

Bacteria and Archaea

Protists

Green Algae and Land Plants

Fungi

An Introduction to Animals

Protostome Animals

Deuterostome Animals

Viruses

Plant Form and Function

Water and Sugar Transport in Plants

Plant Nutrition

Plant Sensory Systems, Signals, and Responses

Plant Reproduction and Development

Animal Form and Function

Water and Electrolyte Balance in Animals

Animal Nutrition

Gas Exchange and Circulation

Animal Nervous Systems

Animal Sensory Systems

Animal Movement

Chemical Signals in Animals

Animal Reproduction and Development

The Immune System in Animals

An Introduction to Ecology

Behavioral Ecology

Population Ecology

Community Ecology

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