Question 1

Which pair correctly associates a physiological process with the appropriate vitamin?

Accepted Answer

A)  blood clotting-vitamin C 
B)  production of red blood cells-vitamin B12 
C)  synthesis of cell membranes-vitamin D 
D)  promote cellular oxidation- folate 
A)  blood clotting-vitamin C 
B)  production of red blood cells-vitamin B12 
C)  synthesis of cell membranes-vitamin D 
D)  promote cellular oxidation- folate B

Question 2

An advantage of a complete digestive system over a gastrovascular cavity is that the complete system ________.

Accepted Answer

A)  excludes the need for extracellular digestion 
B)  allows for specialized regions with specialized functions 
C)  allows digestive enzymes to be more specific 
D)  allows extensive branching 
E)  facilitates intracellular digestion 
A)  excludes the need for extracellular digestion 
B)  allows for specialized regions with specialized functions 
C)  allows digestive enzymes to be more specific 
D)  allows extensive branching 
E)  facilitates intracellular digestion B

Question 3

A significant contribution of intestinal bacteria to human nutrition is the benefit of bacterial ________.

Accepted Answer

A)  production of vitamins A and C 
B)  generation of gases needed for elimination 
C)  absorption of organic materials 
D)  production of vitamin K 
E)  recovery of water from fecal matter 
A)  production of vitamins A and C 
B)  generation of gases needed for elimination 
C)  absorption of organic materials 
D)  production of vitamin K 
E)  recovery of water from fecal matter D

Question 4

The absorption of simple sugars and amino acids in the small intestine occurs by ________.

Accepted Answer

A)  simple diffusion 
B)  exocytosis 
C)  facilitated diffusion 
D)  bulk flow 
E)  osmosis 
A)  simple diffusion 
B)  exocytosis 
C)  facilitated diffusion 
D)  bulk flow 
E)  osmosis

Question 5

When cells of the pancreas release insulin into the blood, ________.

Accepted Answer

A)  the blood glucose levels rise to a set point and stimulate glucagon release 
B)  the skeletal muscles and the adipose cells take up glucose at a faster rate 
C)  the liver catabolizes glycogen 
D)  the alpha cells of the pancreas release glucose into the blood 
E)  the kidneys begin gluconeogenesis 
A)  the blood glucose levels rise to a set point and stimulate glucagon release 
B)  the skeletal muscles and the adipose cells take up glucose at a faster rate 
C)  the liver catabolizes glycogen 
D)  the alpha cells of the pancreas release glucose into the blood 
E)  the kidneys begin gluconeogenesis

Question 6

Upon activation by stomach acidity, the secretions of the parietal cells ________.

Accepted Answer

A)  initiate the chemical digestion of protein in the stomach 
B)  initiate the mechanical digestion of lipids in the stomach 
C)  initiate the chemical digestion of lipids in the stomach 
D)  include pepsinogen 
E)  delay digestion until the food arrives in the small intestine 
A)  initiate the chemical digestion of protein in the stomach 
B)  initiate the mechanical digestion of lipids in the stomach 
C)  initiate the chemical digestion of lipids in the stomach 
D)  include pepsinogen 
E)  delay digestion until the food arrives in the small intestine

Question 7

Which pair correctly associates a biochemical process with the appropriate mineral associated with its use in animals?

Accepted Answer

A)  maintenance of bone-calcium 
B)  glucose synthesis-iodine 
C)  thyroid hormone synthesis-iron 
D)  nucleic acid synthesis-sulfur 
A)  maintenance of bone-calcium 
B)  glucose synthesis-iodine 
C)  thyroid hormone synthesis-iron 
D)  nucleic acid synthesis-sulfur

Question 8

-Examine the digestive system structures in the accompanying figure. The agents that help emulsify fats are produced in location ________.

Accepted Answer

A)  1 
B)  2 
C)  3 
D)  8 
E)  9 
A)  1 
B)  2 
C)  3 
D)  8 
E)  9

Question 9

In a healthy person, after a large meal, the production of ________ will increase. After fasting, the production of ________ will increase.

Accepted Answer

A)  trypsin; trypsinogen 
B)  glucagon; glucose 
C)  glucagon; pepsinogen 
D)  insulin; glucagon 
A)  trypsin; trypsinogen 
B)  glucagon; glucose 
C)  glucagon; pepsinogen 
D)  insulin; glucagon

Question 10

Food being digested in the stomach is in a highly acidic environment. When the food is released from the stomach into the small intestine, why is the environment no longer acidic?

Accepted Answer

A)  Bicarbonate ions from the pancreas and bile salts from the gallbladder enter the small intestine and neutralize the stomach acid. 
B)  Enterokinase activates trypsinogen, thus neutralizing the stomach acid. 
C)  Bile salts from the gallbladder emulsify fats, raising the pH. 
D)  When pepsinogen activates pepsin, one result is the neutralization of stomach acid in the stomach. 
A)  Bicarbonate ions from the pancreas and bile salts from the gallbladder enter the small intestine and neutralize the stomach acid. 
B)  Enterokinase activates trypsinogen, thus neutralizing the stomach acid. 
C)  Bile salts from the gallbladder emulsify fats, raising the pH. 
D)  When pepsinogen activates pepsin, one result is the neutralization of stomach acid in the stomach.

Question 11

Which of the following is a major function of a gizzard?

Accepted Answer

A)  mechanical digestion 
B)  HCl secretion 
C)  mucus secretion 
D)  nutrient absorption 
E)  enzyme secretion 
A)  mechanical digestion 
B)  HCl secretion 
C)  mucus secretion 
D)  nutrient absorption 
E)  enzyme secretion

Question 12

What is the importance of the mucus that is released by salivary glands?

Accepted Answer

A)  Mucus aids in degradation of triglycerides to fatty acids and monoglycerides. 
B)  Mucus secretions are beginning the process of starch digestion. 
C)  Mucus contains hormonal molecules that stimulate the release of gastric juice by the stomach in anticipation of receipt of the contents of the mouth. 
D)  Mucus contains glycoproteins that make food slippery enough to slide easily through the esophagus. 
A)  Mucus aids in degradation of triglycerides to fatty acids and monoglycerides. 
B)  Mucus secretions are beginning the process of starch digestion. 
C)  Mucus contains hormonal molecules that stimulate the release of gastric juice by the stomach in anticipation of receipt of the contents of the mouth. 
D)  Mucus contains glycoproteins that make food slippery enough to slide easily through the esophagus.

Question 13

Analysis of a blood sample from a fasting individual who had not eaten for 24 hours would be expected to reveal high levels of ________.

Accepted Answer

A)  insulin 
B)  glucagon 
C)  secretin 
D)  gastrin 
E)  glucose 
A)  insulin 
B)  glucagon 
C)  secretin 
D)  gastrin 
E)  glucose

Question 14

The Pimas are a group of people living in the southwestern United States and Mexico. Although Pima Indians living in the United States and Mexico have a similar genetic background, a five-fold increase in the incidence of type II diabetes mellitus among U.S. Pima has been reported. The body mass index (a measure of obesity) of Mexicans of non-Pima descent, Mexicans of Pima descent, and Pimas living in the United States is shown in the accompanying figure. Based on this information and the graph, what can you infer about the incidence of type II diabetes mellitus?

Accepted Answer

A)  Obesity is a risk factor for development of type II diabetes mellitus. 
B)  If you maintain a normal body weight (body mass index less than 25), you will not get type II diabetes mellitus. 
C)  The incidence of type II diabetes mellitus has increased in the past ten years. 
D)  People who develop type II diabetes mellitus are typically diagnosed in childhood or adolescence. 
A)  Obesity is a risk factor for development of type II diabetes mellitus. 
B)  If you maintain a normal body weight (body mass index less than 25), you will not get type II diabetes mellitus. 
C)  The incidence of type II diabetes mellitus has increased in the past ten years. 
D)  People who develop type II diabetes mellitus are typically diagnosed in childhood or adolescence.

Question 15

The large surface area in the gut directly facilitates ________.

Accepted Answer

A)  secretion 
B)  absorption 
C)  elimination 
D)  filtration 
E)  temperature regulation 
A)  secretion 
B)  absorption 
C)  elimination 
D)  filtration 
E)  temperature regulation

Question 16

Peristalsis is the ________.

Accepted Answer

A)  movement of the muscular layer surrounding the alimentary canal that is under voluntary control 
B)  rhythmic waves of contraction of the muscular layers surrounding the alimentary canal that are responsible for moving contents of the lumen along the length of the digestive tract 
C)  movement of nerve impulses from the central nervous system to the autorhythmic smooth muscle cells 
D)  rhythmic lengthening and shortening of epithelial cells lining the lumen of the alimentary canal 
A)  movement of the muscular layer surrounding the alimentary canal that is under voluntary control 
B)  rhythmic waves of contraction of the muscular layers surrounding the alimentary canal that are responsible for moving contents of the lumen along the length of the digestive tract 
C)  movement of nerve impulses from the central nervous system to the autorhythmic smooth muscle cells 
D)  rhythmic lengthening and shortening of epithelial cells lining the lumen of the alimentary canal

Question 17

Orlistat is an anti-obesity drug that acts to decrease the amount of fat that is absorbed by binding to enzymes that digest fat. Which of the following are potential targets of orlistat?

Accepted Answer

A)  salivary amylase 
B)  pepsidase 
C)  pancreatic lipase 
D)  secretin 
A)  salivary amylase 
B)  pepsidase 
C)  pancreatic lipase 
D)  secretin

Question 18

You are most likely to observe coprophagy in ________.

Accepted Answer

A)  carnivores 
B)  herbivores 
C)  fluid feeders 
D)  suspension feeders 
A)  carnivores 
B)  herbivores 
C)  fluid feeders 
D)  suspension feeders

Question 19

When the digestion and absorption of organic carbohydrates results in more energy-rich molecules than are immediately required by an animal, the excess is ________.

Accepted Answer

A)  eliminated in the feces 
B)  stored as starch in the liver 
C)  stored as glycogen in the liver and muscles 
D)  oxidized and converted to ATP 
E)  hydrolyzed and converted to ADP 
A)  eliminated in the feces 
B)  stored as starch in the liver 
C)  stored as glycogen in the liver and muscles 
D)  oxidized and converted to ATP 
E)  hydrolyzed and converted to ADP

Question 20

The large intestine carries out all of the following functions EXCEPT ________.

Accepted Answer

A)  absorption of water 
B)  production of vitamin K 
C)  compaction of feces 
D)  storage of toxins 
A)  absorption of water 
B)  production of vitamin K 
C)  compaction of feces 
D)  storage of toxins

Exam 41: Animal Nutrition

Which pair correctly associates a physiological process with the appropriate vitamin?

An advantage of a complete digestive system over a gastrovascular cavity is that the complete system ________.

A significant contribution of intestinal bacteria to human nutrition is the benefit of bacterial ________.

The absorption of simple sugars and amino acids in the small intestine occurs by ________.

When cells of the pancreas release insulin into the blood, ________.

Upon activation by stomach acidity, the secretions of the parietal cells ________.

Which pair correctly associates a biochemical process with the appropriate mineral associated with its use in animals?

-Examine the digestive system structures in the accompanying figure. The agents that help emulsify fats are produced in location ________.

In a healthy person, after a large meal, the production of ________ will increase. After fasting, the production of ________ will increase.

Food being digested in the stomach is in a highly acidic environment. When the food is released from the stomach into the small intestine, why is the environment no longer acidic?

Which of the following is a major function of a gizzard?

What is the importance of the mucus that is released by salivary glands?

Analysis of a blood sample from a fasting individual who had not eaten for 24 hours would be expected to reveal high levels of ________.

The large surface area in the gut directly facilitates ________.

Peristalsis is the ________.

Orlistat is an anti-obesity drug that acts to decrease the amount of fat that is absorbed by binding to enzymes that digest fat. Which of the following are potential targets of orlistat?

You are most likely to observe coprophagy in ________.

When the digestion and absorption of organic carbohydrates results in more energy-rich molecules than are immediately required by an animal, the excess is ________.

The large intestine carries out all of the following functions EXCEPT ________.

Biology and the Tree of Life

Water and Carbon: the Chemical Basis of Life

Protein Structure and Function

Nucleic Acids and the Rna World

An Introduction to Carbohydrates

Ecosystems and Global Ecology

Lipids, Membranes, and the First Cells

Inside the Cell

Energy and Enzymes: an Introduction to Metabolism

Cellular Respiration and Fermentation

Photosynthesis

Cellcell Interactions

The Cell Cycle

Meiosis

Mendel and the Gene

Dna and the Gene: Synthesis and Repair

How Genes Work

Transcription, Rna Processing, and Translation

Control of Gene Expression in Bacteria

Control of Gene Expression in Eukaryotes

The Molecular Revolution: Biotechnology and Beyond

Genes, Development, and Evolution

Evolution by Natural Selection

Evolutionary Processes

Speciation

Phylogenies and the History of Life

Bacteria and Archaea

Protists

Green Algae and Land Plants

Fungi

An Introduction to Animals

Protostome Animals

Deuterostome Animals

Viruses

Plant Form and Function

Water and Sugar Transport in Plants

Plant Nutrition

Plant Sensory Systems, Signals, and Responses

Plant Reproduction and Development

Animal Form and Function

Water and Electrolyte Balance in Animals

Gas Exchange and Circulation

Animal Nervous Systems

Animal Sensory Systems

Animal Movement

Chemical Signals in Animals

Animal Reproduction and Development

The Immune System in Animals

An Introduction to Ecology

Behavioral Ecology

Population Ecology

Community Ecology

Biodiversity and Conservation Biology

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