Question 1

Thermoreception allows pit vipers to ________.

Accepted Answer

A)  detect fast-moving endothermic predator species flying overhead 
B)  detect heat signals from prey species 
C)  communicate by heat signals between members of the same species 
D)  stun prey with heat prior to capture 
E)  follow heat trails of wounded prey 
A)  detect fast-moving endothermic predator species flying overhead 
B)  detect heat signals from prey species 
C)  communicate by heat signals between members of the same species 
D)  stun prey with heat prior to capture 
E)  follow heat trails of wounded prey B

Question 2

Homing pigeons rely on what two senses for navigation?

Accepted Answer

A)  photoreception and electroreception 
B)  electroreception and magnetoreception 
C)  magnetoreception and thermoreception 
D)  thermoreception and chemoreception 
E)  magnetoreception and photoreception 
A)  photoreception and electroreception 
B)  electroreception and magnetoreception 
C)  magnetoreception and thermoreception 
D)  thermoreception and chemoreception 
E)  magnetoreception and photoreception E

Question 3

If you experimentally reduce the concentration of K+ in the extracellular fluid surrounding hair cells in the inner ear, the result would be like which of the following?

Accepted Answer

A)  a decrease in the release of neurotransmitter by hair cells 
B)  an increase in the release of neurotransmitter by hair cells 
C)  a decrease in the size of action potentials by sensory neurons 
D)  an increase in the size of action potentials by sensory neurons 
A)  a decrease in the release of neurotransmitter by hair cells 
B)  an increase in the release of neurotransmitter by hair cells 
C)  a decrease in the size of action potentials by sensory neurons 
D)  an increase in the size of action potentials by sensory neurons A

Question 4

The blind spot in the human retina is the location that has the collected axons of ________.

Accepted Answer

A)  ganglion cells 
B)  bipolar cells 
C)  primary visual cortex 
D)  optic chiasma 
E)  lateral geniculate nuclei 
A)  ganglion cells 
B)  bipolar cells 
C)  primary visual cortex 
D)  optic chiasma 
E)  lateral geniculate nuclei

Question 5

Pheromone detection in tetrapod vertebrates occurs primarily in which structure?

Accepted Answer

A)  olfactory bulb 
B)  tongue 
C)  vomeronasal organ 
D)  temperature-sensitive pits 
E)  olfactory epithelium 
A)  olfactory bulb 
B)  tongue 
C)  vomeronasal organ 
D)  temperature-sensitive pits 
E)  olfactory epithelium

Question 6

How do citrus fruits such as lemons cause the basic taste of sour?

Accepted Answer

A)  The more acidic the food is, the more depolarization of the sensory receptor occurs. 
B)  Ascorbic acid binds to sensory receptors on the plasma membrane of taste cells, which leads to the triggering of cellular activity that triggers a sour taste response. 
C)  Sugars and ascorbic acid bind sensory receptors on the plasma membrane of taste cells, which leads to the triggering of cellular activity that triggers a sour taste response. 
D)  Citric acid amplifies the sour taste of vitamin C when it binds to specialized receptors on the taste cells. 
A)  The more acidic the food is, the more depolarization of the sensory receptor occurs. 
B)  Ascorbic acid binds to sensory receptors on the plasma membrane of taste cells, which leads to the triggering of cellular activity that triggers a sour taste response. 
C)  Sugars and ascorbic acid bind sensory receptors on the plasma membrane of taste cells, which leads to the triggering of cellular activity that triggers a sour taste response. 
D)  Citric acid amplifies the sour taste of vitamin C when it binds to specialized receptors on the taste cells.

Question 7

Refer to this diagram of the ear to answer the question(s) below.  
-How does the ear allow humans to distinguish the volume of different sounds?

Accepted Answer

A)  Louder sounds cause larger action potentials than do softer sounds. 
B)  Louder sounds cause smaller action potentials than do softer sounds. 
C)  Louder sounds induce a higher frequency of action potentials than do softer sounds. 
D)  Louder sounds induce a lower frequency of action potentials than do softer sounds. 
E)  Louder sounds cause larger action potentials than do softer sounds, and louder sounds induce a higher frequency of action potentials than do softer sounds. 
A)  Louder sounds cause larger action potentials than do softer sounds. 
B)  Louder sounds cause smaller action potentials than do softer sounds. 
C)  Louder sounds induce a higher frequency of action potentials than do softer sounds. 
D)  Louder sounds induce a lower frequency of action potentials than do softer sounds. 
E)  Louder sounds cause larger action potentials than do softer sounds, and louder sounds induce a higher frequency of action potentials than do softer sounds.

Question 8

In the human retina, ________.

Accepted Answer

A)  cone cells can detect color, but rod cells cannot 
B)  cone cells are more sensitive than rod cells to light 
C)  cone cells, but not rod cells, have a visual pigment 
D)  rod cells detect short wavelength UV light 
E)  rod cells require higher illumination for stimulation than do cone cells 
A)  cone cells can detect color, but rod cells cannot 
B)  cone cells are more sensitive than rod cells to light 
C)  cone cells, but not rod cells, have a visual pigment 
D)  rod cells detect short wavelength UV light 
E)  rod cells require higher illumination for stimulation than do cone cells

Question 9

Researchers surgically fuse two of the three ossicles in the inner ear of a mouse, effectively leaving two functional, linked ossicles in place of three. When the mouse's hearing is tested, what outcome would be expected? The mouse would be ________.

Accepted Answer

A)  more sensitive to sound, but only in the low-frequency range 
B)  more sensitive to sound, but only in the high-frequency range 
C)  more sensitive to sound in general 
D)  less sensitive to sound in general 
A)  more sensitive to sound, but only in the low-frequency range 
B)  more sensitive to sound, but only in the high-frequency range 
C)  more sensitive to sound in general 
D)  less sensitive to sound in general

Question 10

Elephants hear sounds that are too low for humans to hear. What is the most likely explanation for the difference in sensitivity between humans and elephants?

Accepted Answer

A)  They differ in the arrangement and shape of the ossicles. 
B)  They differ in the flexibility of the basilar membrane in the cochlea. 
C)  Elephants have a larger and more flexible tympanic membrane. 
D)  Elephants have larger 
A)  They differ in the arrangement and shape of the ossicles. 
B)  They differ in the flexibility of the basilar membrane in the cochlea. 
C)  Elephants have a larger and more flexible tympanic membrane. 
D)  Elephants have larger

Question 11

Auditory transduction involves a change in membrane potential for which membrane?

Accepted Answer

A)  tectorial membrane 
B)  tympanic membrane 
C)  round-window membrane 
D)  hair cell membrane 
E)  basilar membrane 
A)  tectorial membrane 
B)  tympanic membrane 
C)  round-window membrane 
D)  hair cell membrane 
E)  basilar membrane

Question 12

The pathway leading to the perception of sound by mammals begins with the ________.

Accepted Answer

A)  hair cells of the organ of Corti, which rests on the basilar membrane, coming in contact with the tectorial membrane 
B)  hair cells of the organ of Corti, which rests on the tympanic membrane, coming in contact with the tectorial membrane 
C)  hair cells of the organ of Corti, which rests on the tectorial membrane, coming in contact with the basilar membrane 
D)  hair cells of the organ of Corti coming in contact with the tectorial membrane as a result of fluid waves in the cochlea causing vibrations in the round window 
E)  hair cells on the tympanic membrane that stimulate the tectorial membrane neurons, leading to the auditory section of the brain 
A)  hair cells of the organ of Corti, which rests on the basilar membrane, coming in contact with the tectorial membrane 
B)  hair cells of the organ of Corti, which rests on the tympanic membrane, coming in contact with the tectorial membrane 
C)  hair cells of the organ of Corti, which rests on the tectorial membrane, coming in contact with the basilar membrane 
D)  hair cells of the organ of Corti coming in contact with the tectorial membrane as a result of fluid waves in the cochlea causing vibrations in the round window 
E)  hair cells on the tympanic membrane that stimulate the tectorial membrane neurons, leading to the auditory section of the brain

Question 13

Sound waves arriving at a listener first strike the ________.

Accepted Answer

A)  tectorial membrane 
B)  tympanic membrane 
C)  round-window membrane 
D)  hair cell membrane 
E)  basilar membrane 
A)  tectorial membrane 
B)  tympanic membrane 
C)  round-window membrane 
D)  hair cell membrane 
E)  basilar membrane

Question 14

Corneal surgery is now routinely performed to change the shape of the cornea and improve vision. This surgery is beneficial because ________.

Accepted Answer

A)  the cornea is responsible for the circulation of nutrients to the eye 
B)  the cornea is involved in focusing light onto the retina 
C)  the cornea controls the amount of light entering the eye 
D)  the cornea regulates the sensitivity of the photoreceptors 
A)  the cornea is responsible for the circulation of nutrients to the eye 
B)  the cornea is involved in focusing light onto the retina 
C)  the cornea controls the amount of light entering the eye 
D)  the cornea regulates the sensitivity of the photoreceptors

Question 15

Light reflecting off an object in the environment is detected by photoreceptors after following which path?

Accepted Answer

A)  lens > cornea > retina > ganglion cell layer > iris 
B)  cornea > lens > iris > ganglion cell layer > retina 
C)  retina > ganglion cell layer > lens > iris > cornea 
D)  cornea > iris > lens > ganglion cell layer > retina 
A)  lens > cornea > retina > ganglion cell layer > iris 
B)  cornea > lens > iris > ganglion cell layer > retina 
C)  retina > ganglion cell layer > lens > iris > cornea 
D)  cornea > iris > lens > ganglion cell layer > retina

Question 16

Damage to sensory receptor cells would most likely result in ________.
I. confusion of visual and auditory input
II. inaccurate integration of sensory information
III. an inability to detect sensory information

Accepted Answer

A)  only I 
B)  only II 
C)  only III 
D)  only II and III 
E)  I, II, and III 
A)  only I 
B)  only II 
C)  only III 
D)  only II and III 
E)  I, II, and III

Question 17

During light detection in a photoreceptor, light directly causes what molecular change?

Accepted Answer

A)  inactivation of phosphodiesterase 
B)  a retinal change from cis to trans conformation 
C)  increase in cGMP levels 
D)  increase in Na+ entry into the photoreceptor 
A)  inactivation of phosphodiesterase 
B)  a retinal change from cis to trans conformation 
C)  increase in cGMP levels 
D)  increase in Na+ entry into the photoreceptor

Question 18

As you pull on a clean shirt, your skin feels the abrasion of rough fabric. Which type of sensory receptor is involved in this sensation?

Accepted Answer

A)  mechanoreceptors 
B)  chemoreceptors 
C)  nociceptors 
D)  thermoreceptors 
E)  photoreceptors 
A)  mechanoreceptors 
B)  chemoreceptors 
C)  nociceptors 
D)  thermoreceptors 
E)  photoreceptors

Question 19

The perceived pitch of a sound depends on ________.

Accepted Answer

A)  which part of the tympanic membrane is being vibrated by sound waves 
B)  which part of the oval window produces waves in the cochlear fluid 
C)  which region of the basilar membrane was set in motion 
D)  whether or not the sound moves the incus, malleus, and stapes 
E)  whether or not the listener has had training in music 
A)  which part of the tympanic membrane is being vibrated by sound waves 
B)  which part of the oval window produces waves in the cochlear fluid 
C)  which region of the basilar membrane was set in motion 
D)  whether or not the sound moves the incus, malleus, and stapes 
E)  whether or not the listener has had training in music

Question 20

Which of the following sensory receptors is correctly paired with its category?

Accepted Answer

A)  hair cell-mechanoreceptor 
B)  muscle spindle-electromagnetic receptor 
C)  taste receptor-mechanoreceptor 
D)  rod-chemoreceptor 
E)  olfactory receptor-electromagnetic receptor 
A)  hair cell-mechanoreceptor 
B)  muscle spindle-electromagnetic receptor 
C)  taste receptor-mechanoreceptor 
D)  rod-chemoreceptor 
E)  olfactory receptor-electromagnetic receptor

Exam 44: Animal Sensory Systems

Thermoreception allows pit vipers to ________.

Homing pigeons rely on what two senses for navigation?

If you experimentally reduce the concentration of K+ in the extracellular fluid surrounding hair cells in the inner ear, the result would be like which of the following?

The blind spot in the human retina is the location that has the collected axons of ________.

Pheromone detection in tetrapod vertebrates occurs primarily in which structure?

How do citrus fruits such as lemons cause the basic taste of sour?

Refer to this diagram of the ear to answer the question(s) below. -How does the ear allow humans to distinguish the volume of different sounds?

In the human retina, ________.

Researchers surgically fuse two of the three ossicles in the inner ear of a mouse, effectively leaving two functional, linked ossicles in place of three. When the mouse's hearing is tested, what outcome would be expected? The mouse would be ________.

Elephants hear sounds that are too low for humans to hear. What is the most likely explanation for the difference in sensitivity between humans and elephants?

Auditory transduction involves a change in membrane potential for which membrane?

The pathway leading to the perception of sound by mammals begins with the ________.

Sound waves arriving at a listener first strike the ________.

Corneal surgery is now routinely performed to change the shape of the cornea and improve vision. This surgery is beneficial because ________.

Light reflecting off an object in the environment is detected by photoreceptors after following which path?

Damage to sensory receptor cells would most likely result in ________. I. confusion of visual and auditory input II. inaccurate integration of sensory information III. an inability to detect sensory information

During light detection in a photoreceptor, light directly causes what molecular change?

As you pull on a clean shirt, your skin feels the abrasion of rough fabric. Which type of sensory receptor is involved in this sensation?

The perceived pitch of a sound depends on ________.

Which of the following sensory receptors is correctly paired with its category?

Biology and the Tree of Life

Water and Carbon: the Chemical Basis of Life

Protein Structure and Function

Nucleic Acids and the Rna World

An Introduction to Carbohydrates

Ecosystems and Global Ecology

Lipids, Membranes, and the First Cells

Inside the Cell

Energy and Enzymes: an Introduction to Metabolism

Cellular Respiration and Fermentation

Photosynthesis

Cellcell Interactions

The Cell Cycle

Meiosis

Mendel and the Gene

Dna and the Gene: Synthesis and Repair

How Genes Work

Transcription, Rna Processing, and Translation

Control of Gene Expression in Bacteria

Control of Gene Expression in Eukaryotes

The Molecular Revolution: Biotechnology and Beyond

Genes, Development, and Evolution

Evolution by Natural Selection

Evolutionary Processes

Speciation

Phylogenies and the History of Life

Bacteria and Archaea

Protists

Green Algae and Land Plants

Fungi

An Introduction to Animals

Protostome Animals

Deuterostome Animals

Viruses

Plant Form and Function

Water and Sugar Transport in Plants

Plant Nutrition

Plant Sensory Systems, Signals, and Responses

Plant Reproduction and Development

Animal Form and Function

Water and Electrolyte Balance in Animals

Animal Nutrition

Gas Exchange and Circulation

Animal Nervous Systems

Animal Movement

Chemical Signals in Animals

Animal Reproduction and Development

The Immune System in Animals

An Introduction to Ecology

Behavioral Ecology

Population Ecology

Community Ecology

Biodiversity and Conservation Biology

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