Question 1

Which of the following is a TRUE statement about body size and physiology?

Accepted Answer

A)  The amount of food and oxygen an animal requires and the amount of heat and waste it produces are inversely proportional to its mass. 
B)  The rate at which an animal uses nutrients and produces waste products is independent of its volume. 
C)  Small and large animals face different physiological challenges because an animal's body volume or mass increases as a function of its body length cubed while its surface area increases as a function of the body length squared. 
D)  The wastes produced by an animal double as its volume doubles and triple as its surface area triples. 
A)  The amount of food and oxygen an animal requires and the amount of heat and waste it produces are inversely proportional to its mass. 
B)  The rate at which an animal uses nutrients and produces waste products is independent of its volume. 
C)  Small and large animals face different physiological challenges because an animal's body volume or mass increases as a function of its body length cubed while its surface area increases as a function of the body length squared. 
D)  The wastes produced by an animal double as its volume doubles and triple as its surface area triples. C

Question 2

Food moves along the digestive tract as the result of contractions by ________.

Accepted Answer

A)  cardiac muscle 
B)  smooth muscle 
C)  voluntary muscle 
D)  striated muscle 
E)  skeletal muscle 
A)  cardiac muscle 
B)  smooth muscle 
C)  voluntary muscle 
D)  striated muscle 
E)  skeletal muscle B

Question 3

Which term best describes an animal that, although generating a significant amount of heat through metabolism, does NOT maintain a constant body temperature?

Accepted Answer

A)  homeothermic endotherm 
B)  heterothermic ectotherm 
C)  homeothermic ectotherm 
D)  heterothermic endotherm 
A)  homeothermic endotherm 
B)  heterothermic ectotherm 
C)  homeothermic ectotherm 
D)  heterothermic endotherm D

Question 4

You observe two female fish of the same species laying eggs. One female lays 100 eggs and the other female lays 1000 eggs. Which one of the following is LEAST likely given the limits of fitness trade-offs?

Accepted Answer

A)  The female laying 100 eggs breeds more often than the female laying 1000 eggs. 
B)  The female laying 100 eggs lives longer than the female laying 1000 eggs. 
C)  The eggs from the female laying 1000 eggs have larger yolks than the yolks of the eggs from the female laying 100 eggs. 
D)  The female laying 1000 eggs is larger than the female laying 100 eggs. 
A)  The female laying 100 eggs breeds more often than the female laying 1000 eggs. 
B)  The female laying 100 eggs lives longer than the female laying 1000 eggs. 
C)  The eggs from the female laying 1000 eggs have larger yolks than the yolks of the eggs from the female laying 100 eggs. 
D)  The female laying 1000 eggs is larger than the female laying 100 eggs.

Question 5

Natural selection involves energetic trade-offs between ________.

Accepted Answer

A)  choosing how many offspring to produce over the course of a lifetime and how long to live 
B)  producing large numbers of gametes when employing internal fertilization versus fewer numbers of gametes when employing external fertilization 
C)  the emigration of individuals when they are no longer reproductively capable or committing suicide 
D)  increasing the number of individuals produced during each reproductive episode and a corresponding decrease in parental care 
E)  high survival rates of offspring and the cost of parental care 
A)  choosing how many offspring to produce over the course of a lifetime and how long to live 
B)  producing large numbers of gametes when employing internal fertilization versus fewer numbers of gametes when employing external fertilization 
C)  the emigration of individuals when they are no longer reproductively capable or committing suicide 
D)  increasing the number of individuals produced during each reproductive episode and a corresponding decrease in parental care 
E)  high survival rates of offspring and the cost of parental care

Question 6

Hummingbirds are small birds that require a regular food supply. When hummingbirds are faced with a situation that decreases their food supply, such as a storm, which of the following adaptations would be most useful for the bird to survive such an unpredictable and short-term absence of food resources?

Accepted Answer

A)  shivering 
B)  torpor 
C)  hibernation 
D)  burrowing into soil 
A)  shivering 
B)  torpor 
C)  hibernation 
D)  burrowing into soil

Question 7

What is the main reason that a person sitting on the beach with an air temperature of 15°C loses heat less rapidly than when immersed in lake water at 15°C?

Accepted Answer

A)  Water conducts heat more efficiently than air does. 
B)  Water evaporates, and heat is lost to evaporation. 
C)  Metabolic heat production is greater in air than in water. 
D)  Air is a poor insulator. 
A)  Water conducts heat more efficiently than air does. 
B)  Water evaporates, and heat is lost to evaporation. 
C)  Metabolic heat production is greater in air than in water. 
D)  Air is a poor insulator.

Question 8

A woman standing and watching the stars on a cool, calm night will lose most of her body heat by ________.

Accepted Answer

A)  radiation 
B)  convection 
C)  conduction 
D)  evaporation 
A)  radiation 
B)  convection 
C)  conduction 
D)  evaporation

Question 9

Some animals have no gills when young, but then develop gills that grow larger as the animal grows larger. What is the reason for this increase in gill size?

Accepted Answer

A)  The young of these animals are much more active than the adult, which leads to a higher BMR (basal metabolic rate) and, therefore, a higher need for oxygen. 
B)  Relative to their volume, the young have sufficient skin surface area across which they can transport all the oxygen they need. 
C)  The older, larger animals have a lower basal metabolic rate. 
D)  Relative to their surface area, the young have more body volume in which they can store oxygen for long periods of time. 
A)  The young of these animals are much more active than the adult, which leads to a higher BMR (basal metabolic rate) and, therefore, a higher need for oxygen. 
B)  Relative to their volume, the young have sufficient skin surface area across which they can transport all the oxygen they need. 
C)  The older, larger animals have a lower basal metabolic rate. 
D)  Relative to their surface area, the young have more body volume in which they can store oxygen for long periods of time.

Question 10

Environmental influences appear to contribute to cellular mutations that lead to tumor growth. For example, certain diets lead to higher incidence of colon cancers, and overexposure to sunlight leads to higher incidence of skin cancers. The tissues in closest contact with a carcinogen or mutagen (anything that causes genetic mutations) are obviously the ones most likely to develop tumors. Carcinomas and melanomas account for well over half of all cancers. Given this information, what type of tissue is most closely associated with the terms carcinoma and melanoma?

Accepted Answer

A)  connective 
B)  muscle 
C)  epithelial 
D)  nervous 
A)  connective 
B)  muscle 
C)  epithelial 
D)  nervous

Question 11

You have a cube of modeling clay in your hands. Which of the following changes to the shape of this cube of clay will decrease its surface area relative to its volume?

Accepted Answer

A)  pinching the edges of the cube into small folds 
B)  flattening the cube into a pancake shape 
C)  rounding the clay up into a sphere 
D)  stretching the cube into a long, shoebox shape 
A)  pinching the edges of the cube into small folds 
B)  flattening the cube into a pancake shape 
C)  rounding the clay up into a sphere 
D)  stretching the cube into a long, shoebox shape

Question 12

When the mammalian brain compares the actual temperature of the body to the preferred temperature of the body, which component of a homeostatic control system is being used?

Accepted Answer

A)  sensor 
B)  sweat glands 
C)  integrator 
D)  blood vessels 
E)  effector 
A)  sensor 
B)  sweat glands 
C)  integrator 
D)  blood vessels 
E)  effector

Question 13

What explains the ability of honeybees to use heat to kill invading hornets?

Accepted Answer

A)  Hornets prefer higher temperatures than honeybees. 
B)  Honeybees are more sensitive to high temperatures than hornets. 
C)  Honeybees can use evaporative cooling to reduce their body temperature. 
D)  Hornets are ectotherms but honeybees are endotherms. 
E)  Honeybees are better adapted to high temperatures than hornets. 
A)  Hornets prefer higher temperatures than honeybees. 
B)  Honeybees are more sensitive to high temperatures than hornets. 
C)  Honeybees can use evaporative cooling to reduce their body temperature. 
D)  Hornets are ectotherms but honeybees are endotherms. 
E)  Honeybees are better adapted to high temperatures than hornets.

Question 14

An animal's inputs of energy and materials would exceed its outputs if ________.

Accepted Answer

A)  the animal is an endotherm, which must always take in more energy because of its high metabolic rate 
B)  it is actively foraging for food 
C)  it is hibernating 
D)  it is growing and increasing its mass 
A)  the animal is an endotherm, which must always take in more energy because of its high metabolic rate 
B)  it is actively foraging for food 
C)  it is hibernating 
D)  it is growing and increasing its mass

Question 15

The type of muscle that contains branched cells is ________.

Accepted Answer

A)  skeletal muscle 
B)  cardiac muscle 
C)  striated muscle 
D)  smooth muscle 
E)  all muscle types 
A)  skeletal muscle 
B)  cardiac muscle 
C)  striated muscle 
D)  smooth muscle 
E)  all muscle types

Question 16

Blood is best classified as connective tissue because ________.

Accepted Answer

A)  its cells are separated from each other by an extracellular matrix 
B)  it contains more than one type of cell 
C)  it is contained in vessels that "connect" different parts of an organism's body 
D)  its cells can move from place to place 
E)  it is found within all the organs of the body 
A)  its cells are separated from each other by an extracellular matrix 
B)  it contains more than one type of cell 
C)  it is contained in vessels that "connect" different parts of an organism's body 
D)  its cells can move from place to place 
E)  it is found within all the organs of the body

Question 17

The absorptive epithelia in the gut are considered "polarized" because ________.

Accepted Answer

A)  thick and thin filaments are present 
B)  they pump wastes into the lumen while pumping nutrients toward the blood 
C)  the colors seen on the top and bottom of the cells are different 
D)  they must fire action potentials to absorb most nutrients 
E)  the apical surface is different from the basal surface 
A)  thick and thin filaments are present 
B)  they pump wastes into the lumen while pumping nutrients toward the blood 
C)  the colors seen on the top and bottom of the cells are different 
D)  they must fire action potentials to absorb most nutrients 
E)  the apical surface is different from the basal surface

Question 18

Most of the absorption surfaces of multicellular animals are lined with ________.

Accepted Answer

A)  connective tissue 
B)  smooth muscle cells 
C)  neural tissue 
D)  epithelial tissue 
E)  adipose tissue 
A)  connective tissue 
B)  smooth muscle cells 
C)  neural tissue 
D)  epithelial tissue 
E)  adipose tissue

Question 19

With its abundance of collagen fibers, cartilage is an example of ________.

Accepted Answer

A)  connective tissue 
B)  muscle tissue 
C)  nervous tissue 
D)  epithelial tissue 
E)  adipose tissue 
A)  connective tissue 
B)  muscle tissue 
C)  nervous tissue 
D)  epithelial tissue 
E)  adipose tissue

Question 20

Panting by an overheated dog achieves cooling by ________.

Accepted Answer

A)  acclimatization 
B)  torpor 
C)  evaporation 
D)  hibernation 
E)  shivering 
A)  acclimatization 
B)  torpor 
C)  evaporation 
D)  hibernation 
E)  shivering

Exam 39: Animal Form and Function

Which of the following is a TRUE statement about body size and physiology?

Food moves along the digestive tract as the result of contractions by ________.

Which term best describes an animal that, although generating a significant amount of heat through metabolism, does NOT maintain a constant body temperature?

You observe two female fish of the same species laying eggs. One female lays 100 eggs and the other female lays 1000 eggs. Which one of the following is LEAST likely given the limits of fitness trade-offs?

Natural selection involves energetic trade-offs between ________.

What is the main reason that a person sitting on the beach with an air temperature of 15°C loses heat less rapidly than when immersed in lake water at 15°C?

A woman standing and watching the stars on a cool, calm night will lose most of her body heat by ________.

Some animals have no gills when young, but then develop gills that grow larger as the animal grows larger. What is the reason for this increase in gill size?

You have a cube of modeling clay in your hands. Which of the following changes to the shape of this cube of clay will decrease its surface area relative to its volume?

When the mammalian brain compares the actual temperature of the body to the preferred temperature of the body, which component of a homeostatic control system is being used?

What explains the ability of honeybees to use heat to kill invading hornets?

An animal's inputs of energy and materials would exceed its outputs if ________.

The type of muscle that contains branched cells is ________.

Blood is best classified as connective tissue because ________.

The absorptive epithelia in the gut are considered "polarized" because ________.

Most of the absorption surfaces of multicellular animals are lined with ________.

With its abundance of collagen fibers, cartilage is an example of ________.

Panting by an overheated dog achieves cooling by ________.

Biology and the Tree of Life

Water and Carbon: the Chemical Basis of Life

Protein Structure and Function

Nucleic Acids and the Rna World

An Introduction to Carbohydrates

Ecosystems and Global Ecology

Lipids, Membranes, and the First Cells

Inside the Cell

Energy and Enzymes: an Introduction to Metabolism

Cellular Respiration and Fermentation

Photosynthesis

Cellcell Interactions

The Cell Cycle

Meiosis

Mendel and the Gene

Dna and the Gene: Synthesis and Repair

How Genes Work

Transcription, Rna Processing, and Translation

Control of Gene Expression in Bacteria

Control of Gene Expression in Eukaryotes

The Molecular Revolution: Biotechnology and Beyond

Genes, Development, and Evolution

Evolution by Natural Selection

Evolutionary Processes

Speciation

Phylogenies and the History of Life

Bacteria and Archaea

Protists

Green Algae and Land Plants

Fungi

An Introduction to Animals

Protostome Animals

Deuterostome Animals

Viruses

Plant Form and Function

Water and Sugar Transport in Plants

Plant Nutrition

Plant Sensory Systems, Signals, and Responses

Plant Reproduction and Development

Water and Electrolyte Balance in Animals

Animal Nutrition

Gas Exchange and Circulation

Animal Nervous Systems

Animal Sensory Systems

Animal Movement

Chemical Signals in Animals

Animal Reproduction and Development

The Immune System in Animals

An Introduction to Ecology

Behavioral Ecology

Population Ecology

Community Ecology

Biodiversity and Conservation Biology

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