Question 1

-Based on the data in the figure, which of the following statements is TRUE?

Accepted Answer

A)  The data from Area 1 describes a subtropical desert. 
B)  The data from Area 2 describes an arctic tundra. 
C)  The data from Area 1 describes a tropical wet/rain forest. 
D)  The data from Area 2 describes a boreal forest. 
A)  The data from Area 1 describes a subtropical desert. 
B)  The data from Area 2 describes an arctic tundra. 
C)  The data from Area 1 describes a tropical wet/rain forest. 
D)  The data from Area 2 describes a boreal forest. D

Question 2

For a species to be called "invasive," it must ________.
I. be introduced to a new area
II. spread rapidly in this new area
III. compete with native species successfully

Accepted Answer

A)  only I 
B)  only II 
C)  only III 
D)  only II and III 
E)  I, II, and III 
A)  only I 
B)  only II 
C)  only III 
D)  only II and III 
E)  I, II, and III E

Question 3

In temperate lakes, the surface water is replenished with nutrients during turnovers that occur in the ________.

Accepted Answer

A)  autumn and spring 
B)  autumn and winter 
C)  spring and summer 
D)  summer and winter 
E)  summer and autumn 
A)  autumn and spring 
B)  autumn and winter 
C)  spring and summer 
D)  summer and winter 
E)  summer and autumn A

Question 4

Turnover of water in temperate lakes during the spring and fall is made possible by which of the following?

Accepted Answer

A)  warm, less-dense water layered at the top 
B)  cold, more-dense water layered at the bottom 
C)  a distinct thermocline between less-dense, warm water and cold, dense water 
D)  the changes in the density of water as seasonal temperatures change 
E)  currents generated by nektonic animals 
A)  warm, less-dense water layered at the top 
B)  cold, more-dense water layered at the bottom 
C)  a distinct thermocline between less-dense, warm water and cold, dense water 
D)  the changes in the density of water as seasonal temperatures change 
E)  currents generated by nektonic animals

Question 5

-In the figure above, which direction will have a desert biome?

Accepted Answer

A)  South 
B)  East 
C)  West 
D)  North 
E)  Both West and East 
A)  South 
B)  East 
C)  West 
D)  North 
E)  Both West and East

Question 6

-In the map above, where will the weather be wetter?
I. near 30° N
II. near 30° S
III. near the Equator

Accepted Answer

A)  only I and II 
B)  only II and III 
C)  only I and III 
D)  only I 
E)  only III 
A)  only I and II 
B)  only II and III 
C)  only I and III 
D)  only I 
E)  only III

Question 7

How does solar radiation (per unit area) vary with latitude?

Accepted Answer

A)  It increases. 
B)  It decreases. 
C)  It does not change. 
D)  It oscillates between higher and lower. 
A)  It increases. 
B)  It decreases. 
C)  It does not change. 
D)  It oscillates between higher and lower.

Question 8

-Based on the data in the accompanying figure, which of the following statements are correct?
I. Area 1 would be considered a desert because of its high average temperature.
II. Area 1 has more average precipitation than Area 2.
III. Area 2 would be considered a desert because of its low average precipitation.
IV. Area 2 has a larger annual temperature variation.

Accepted Answer

A)  only I and III 
B)  only II and IV 
C)  only I, II, and IV 
D)  only II, III, and IV 
E)  only I, II, and III 
A)  only I and III 
B)  only II and IV 
C)  only I, II, and IV 
D)  only II, III, and IV 
E)  only I, II, and III

Question 9

In the map above, which region would have milder weather than expected without the ocean currents?

Accepted Answer

A)  Africa 
B)  North America 
C)  Antarctica 
D)  Europe 
E)  Newfoundland 
A)  Africa 
B)  North America 
C)  Antarctica 
D)  Europe 
E)  Newfoundland

Question 10

Which of the following levels of ecological organization is arranged in the correct sequence from most to least inclusive?

Accepted Answer

A)  community, ecosystem, organism, population 
B)  ecosystem, community, population, organism 
C)  population, ecosystem, organism, community 
D)  organism, population, community, ecosystem 
E)  organism, community, population, ecosystem 
A)  community, ecosystem, organism, population 
B)  ecosystem, community, population, organism 
C)  population, ecosystem, organism, community 
D)  organism, population, community, ecosystem 
E)  organism, community, population, ecosystem

Question 11

-Based on the data in the accompanying figure, which of the following statements are correct?
I. Area 1 has more average precipitation than Area 2.
II. Area 1 has a higher average temperature than Area 2.
III. Both areas have low variation in monthly precipitation.
IV. Area 2 has a lower annual temperature variation compared to Area 1.

Accepted Answer

A)  only I and III 
B)  only II and IV 
C)  only I, II, and IV 
D)  only II, III, and IV 
E)  only I, II, and III 
A)  only I and III 
B)  only II and IV 
C)  only I, II, and IV 
D)  only II, III, and IV 
E)  only I, II, and III

Question 12

The accompanying graph shows data from a research study designed to test the hypothesis that both abiotic and biotic factors can affect the distribution of invasive Argentine ants. Using the graph, identify the statement that is best supported by the data.

Accepted Answer

A)  Abiotic factors (e.g., soil moisture) only affect the distribution of invasive Argentine ants. 
B)  Biotic factors (e.g., competition) only affect the distribution of invasive Argentine ants. 
C)  Both abiotic and biotic factors interact to affect the distribution of invasive Argentine ants. 
D)  Neither abiotic nor biotic factors affect the distribution of invasive Argentine ants. 
A)  Abiotic factors (e.g., soil moisture) only affect the distribution of invasive Argentine ants. 
B)  Biotic factors (e.g., competition) only affect the distribution of invasive Argentine ants. 
C)  Both abiotic and biotic factors interact to affect the distribution of invasive Argentine ants. 
D)  Neither abiotic nor biotic factors affect the distribution of invasive Argentine ants.

Question 13

Which of the following is responsible for the differences in summer and winter temperature stratification of deep temperate-zone lakes?

Accepted Answer

A)  Water is densest at 4°C. 
B)  Oxygen is most abundant in deeper waters. 
C)  Winter ice sinks in the summer. 
D)  Stratification is caused by a thermocline. 
E)  Stratification always follows the fall and spring turnovers. 
A)  Water is densest at 4°C. 
B)  Oxygen is most abundant in deeper waters. 
C)  Winter ice sinks in the summer. 
D)  Stratification is caused by a thermocline. 
E)  Stratification always follows the fall and spring turnovers.

Question 14

The diagram shows a generalized cross section of the marine environment with various zones labeled with letters.  
-Which zone experiences the most abiotic change over a 24-hour period?

Accepted Answer

A)  A 
B)  B 
C)  C 
D)  D 
E)  E 
A)  A 
B)  B 
C)  C 
D)  D 
E)  E

Question 15

-Which of the following biomes has the highest variation in annual temperature?

Accepted Answer

A)  subtropical deserts 
B)  arctic tundra 
C)  temperate forests 
D)  temperate grasslands 
E)  boreal forests/taiga 
A)  subtropical deserts 
B)  arctic tundra 
C)  temperate forests 
D)  temperate grasslands 
E)  boreal forests/taiga

Question 16

The diagram shows a generalized cross section of the marine environment with various zones labeled with letters.  
-Which zone has a condition of constant temperature?

Accepted Answer

A)  A 
B)  B 
C)  C 
D)  D 
E)  E 
A)  A 
B)  B 
C)  C 
D)  D 
E)  E

Question 17

Which of the following can be said about light in aquatic environments?

Accepted Answer

A)  Water selectively reflects and absorbs certain wavelengths of light. 
B)  Photosynthetic organisms that live in deep water probably use red light. 
C)  Longer wavelengths penetrate to greater depths. 
D)  Light penetration seldom limits the distribution of photosynthetic species. 
E)  Most photosynthetic organisms avoid the surface where the light is too intense. 
A)  Water selectively reflects and absorbs certain wavelengths of light. 
B)  Photosynthetic organisms that live in deep water probably use red light. 
C)  Longer wavelengths penetrate to greater depths. 
D)  Light penetration seldom limits the distribution of photosynthetic species. 
E)  Most photosynthetic organisms avoid the surface where the light is too intense.

Question 18

-In the figure, which number would designate the biome with the highest variation in annual precipitation?

Accepted Answer

A)  1 
B)  2 
C)  3 
D)  4 
A)  1 
B)  2 
C)  3 
D)  4

Question 19

Theoretically, which would be the most effective way to disrupt a Hadley cell?

Accepted Answer

A)  Remove all equatorial moisture and convection. 
B)  Extensively water the deserts. 
C)  Heat the poles. 
D)  Shift the Sun to apply direct rays 30 degrees south latitude. 
A)  Remove all equatorial moisture and convection. 
B)  Extensively water the deserts. 
C)  Heat the poles. 
D)  Shift the Sun to apply direct rays 30 degrees south latitude.

Question 20

Which of the following statements regarding altitude and climate are TRUE?
I. Species composition on different sides of a mountain range are often different from each other.
II. Rain shadows may appear on one side of a mountain range.
III. The higher the altitude, the warmer the climate.
IV. Both sides of a mountain range generally receive equal amounts of precipitation.

Accepted Answer

A)  only I and II 
B)  only III and IV 
C)  only I, II, and IV 
D)  only II, III, and IV 
E)  only I, II, and III 
A)  only I and II 
B)  only III and IV 
C)  only I, II, and IV 
D)  only II, III, and IV 
E)  only I, II, and III

Exam 49: An Introduction to Ecology

-Based on the data in the figure, which of the following statements is TRUE?

For a species to be called "invasive," it must ________. I. be introduced to a new area II. spread rapidly in this new area III. compete with native species successfully

In temperate lakes, the surface water is replenished with nutrients during turnovers that occur in the ________.

Turnover of water in temperate lakes during the spring and fall is made possible by which of the following?

-In the figure above, which direction will have a desert biome?

-In the map above, where will the weather be wetter? I. near 30° N II. near 30° S III. near the Equator

How does solar radiation (per unit area) vary with latitude?

In the map above, which region would have milder weather than expected without the ocean currents?

Which of the following levels of ecological organization is arranged in the correct sequence from most to least inclusive?

The accompanying graph shows data from a research study designed to test the hypothesis that both abiotic and biotic factors can affect the distribution of invasive Argentine ants. Using the graph, identify the statement that is best supported by the data.

Which of the following is responsible for the differences in summer and winter temperature stratification of deep temperate-zone lakes?

The diagram shows a generalized cross section of the marine environment with various zones labeled with letters. -Which zone experiences the most abiotic change over a 24-hour period?

-Which of the following biomes has the highest variation in annual temperature?

The diagram shows a generalized cross section of the marine environment with various zones labeled with letters. -Which zone has a condition of constant temperature?

Which of the following can be said about light in aquatic environments?

-In the figure, which number would designate the biome with the highest variation in annual precipitation?

Theoretically, which would be the most effective way to disrupt a Hadley cell?

Biology and the Tree of Life

Water and Carbon: the Chemical Basis of Life

Protein Structure and Function

Nucleic Acids and the Rna World

An Introduction to Carbohydrates

Ecosystems and Global Ecology

Lipids, Membranes, and the First Cells

Inside the Cell

Energy and Enzymes: an Introduction to Metabolism

Cellular Respiration and Fermentation

Photosynthesis

Cellcell Interactions

The Cell Cycle

Meiosis

Mendel and the Gene

Dna and the Gene: Synthesis and Repair

How Genes Work

Transcription, Rna Processing, and Translation

Control of Gene Expression in Bacteria

Control of Gene Expression in Eukaryotes

The Molecular Revolution: Biotechnology and Beyond

Genes, Development, and Evolution

Evolution by Natural Selection

Evolutionary Processes

Speciation

Phylogenies and the History of Life

Bacteria and Archaea

Protists

Green Algae and Land Plants

Fungi

An Introduction to Animals

Protostome Animals

Deuterostome Animals

Viruses

Plant Form and Function

Water and Sugar Transport in Plants

Plant Nutrition

Plant Sensory Systems, Signals, and Responses

Plant Reproduction and Development

Animal Form and Function

Water and Electrolyte Balance in Animals

Animal Nutrition

Gas Exchange and Circulation

Animal Nervous Systems

Animal Sensory Systems

Animal Movement

Chemical Signals in Animals

Animal Reproduction and Development

The Immune System in Animals

Behavioral Ecology

Population Ecology

Community Ecology

Biodiversity and Conservation Biology

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