Question 1

Which of the following sequences correctly represents the flow of electrons during photosynthesis?

Accepted Answer

A)  NADPH → O2 → CO2 
B)  H2O → NADPH → Calvin cycle 
C)  NADPH → chlorophyll → Calvin cycle 
D)  H2O → photosystem I → photosystem II 
E)  NADPH → electron transport chain → O2 
A)  NADPH → O2 → CO2 
B)  H2O → NADPH → Calvin cycle 
C)  NADPH → chlorophyll → Calvin cycle 
D)  H2O → photosystem I → photosystem II 
E)  NADPH → electron transport chain → O2 B

Question 2

In its mechanism, photophosphorylation is most similar to ________.

Accepted Answer

A)  substrate-level phosphorylation in glycolysis 
B)  oxidative phosphorylation in cellular respiration 
C)  the Calvin cycle 
D)  carbon fixation 
E)  reduction of NADP+ 
A)  substrate-level phosphorylation in glycolysis 
B)  oxidative phosphorylation in cellular respiration 
C)  the Calvin cycle 
D)  carbon fixation 
E)  reduction of NADP+ B

Question 3

Use the following information to answer the question below.
A spaceship is designed to support animal life for a multiyear voyage to the outer planets of the solar system. Plants will be grown to provide oxygen and to recycle carbon dioxide. Since the spaceship will be too far from the Sun for photosynthesis, an artificial light source will be needed.
What wavelengths of light should be used to maximize plant growth with a minimum of energy expenditure?

Accepted Answer

A)  full-spectrum white light 
B)  green light 
C)  a mixture of blue and red light 
D)  yellow light 
E)  UV light 
A)  full-spectrum white light 
B)  green light 
C)  a mixture of blue and red light 
D)  yellow light 
E)  UV light C

Question 4

Chlorophylls absorb most light in which colors of the visible range?

Accepted Answer

A)  green and blue 
B)  blue and red 
C)  green and red 
D)  violet and red 
A)  green and blue 
B)  blue and red 
C)  green and red 
D)  violet and red

Question 5

Use the accompanying figure to answer the question below.   The figure shows the absorption spectrum for chlorophyll a and the action spectrum for photosynthesis. Why are they different?

Accepted Answer

A)  Green and yellow wavelengths inhibit the absorption of red and blue wavelengths. 
B)  Bright sunlight destroys photosynthetic pigments. 
C)  Oxygen given off during photosynthesis interferes with the absorption of light. 
D)  Other pigments absorb light in addition to chlorophyll a. 
E)  Aerobic bacteria take up oxygen, which changes the measurement of the rate of photosynthesis. 
A)  Green and yellow wavelengths inhibit the absorption of red and blue wavelengths. 
B)  Bright sunlight destroys photosynthetic pigments. 
C)  Oxygen given off during photosynthesis interferes with the absorption of light. 
D)  Other pigments absorb light in addition to chlorophyll a. 
E)  Aerobic bacteria take up oxygen, which changes the measurement of the rate of photosynthesis.

Question 6

Which of the following is a difference between chlorophyll a and chlorophyll b?

Accepted Answer

A)  Chlorophyll a is a pigment, and chlorophyll b is the enzyme that transfers excited electrons from chlorophyll a to electron carriers of the thylakoid membrane. 
B)  Chlorophyll a absorbs yellow light, and chlorophyll b absorbs green. 
C)  Chlorophyll a contains magnesium in its ring structure, whereas chlorophyll b contains iron. 
D)  Chlorophyll a and b absorb light energy at slightly different wavelengths. 
A)  Chlorophyll a is a pigment, and chlorophyll b is the enzyme that transfers excited electrons from chlorophyll a to electron carriers of the thylakoid membrane. 
B)  Chlorophyll a absorbs yellow light, and chlorophyll b absorbs green. 
C)  Chlorophyll a contains magnesium in its ring structure, whereas chlorophyll b contains iron. 
D)  Chlorophyll a and b absorb light energy at slightly different wavelengths.

Question 7

Which process is most directly driven by light energy?

Accepted Answer

A)  creation of a pH gradient by pumping protons across the thylakoid membrane 
B)  carbon fixation in the stroma 
C)  reduction of NADP+ molecules 
D)  removal of electrons from chlorophyll molecules 
E)  ATP synthesis 
A)  creation of a pH gradient by pumping protons across the thylakoid membrane 
B)  carbon fixation in the stroma 
C)  reduction of NADP+ molecules 
D)  removal of electrons from chlorophyll molecules 
E)  ATP synthesis

Question 8

Plants photosynthesize ________.

Accepted Answer

A)  only in the light but respire only in the dark 
B)  only in the dark but respire only in the light 
C)  only in the light but respire in light and dark 
D)  and respire only in the light 
E)  and respire only in the dark 
A)  only in the light but respire only in the dark 
B)  only in the dark but respire only in the light 
C)  only in the light but respire in light and dark 
D)  and respire only in the light 
E)  and respire only in the dark

Question 9

Which of the following procedures would identify the enzyme that catalyzes the carboxylation of ribulose-1,5-bisphosphate?

Accepted Answer

A)  irradiating a leaf extract with red light 
B)  introducing radiolabeled carbon dioxide into a plant extract and determining which molecules become radiolabeled 
C)  purifying a variety of proteins from plant extracts and testing each protein individually to see if it can carboxylate ribulose-1,5-bisphosphate 
D)  differential sedimentation of a protein extract 
A)  irradiating a leaf extract with red light 
B)  introducing radiolabeled carbon dioxide into a plant extract and determining which molecules become radiolabeled 
C)  purifying a variety of proteins from plant extracts and testing each protein individually to see if it can carboxylate ribulose-1,5-bisphosphate 
D)  differential sedimentation of a protein extract

Question 10

Which of the following are directly associated with photosystem I?

Accepted Answer

A)  harvesting of light energy by ATP 
B)  receiving electrons from the thylakoid membrane electron transport chain 
C)  generation of molecular oxygen 
D)  extraction of hydrogen electrons from the splitting of water 
E)  passing electrons to the cytochrome complex 
A)  harvesting of light energy by ATP 
B)  receiving electrons from the thylakoid membrane electron transport chain 
C)  generation of molecular oxygen 
D)  extraction of hydrogen electrons from the splitting of water 
E)  passing electrons to the cytochrome complex

Question 11

The alternative pathways of photosynthesis using the C4 or CAM systems are said to be compromises. Why?

Accepted Answer

A)  Each one minimizes both water loss and rate of photosynthesis. 
B)  C4 compromises on water loss and CAM compromises on photorespiration. 
C)  Both minimize photorespiration but expend more ATP during carbon fixation. 
D)  CAM plants allow more water loss, and C4 plants allow less CO2 into the plant. 
E)  C4 plants allow less water loss, but CAM plants allow more water loss. 
A)  Each one minimizes both water loss and rate of photosynthesis. 
B)  C4 compromises on water loss and CAM compromises on photorespiration. 
C)  Both minimize photorespiration but expend more ATP during carbon fixation. 
D)  CAM plants allow more water loss, and C4 plants allow less CO2 into the plant. 
E)  C4 plants allow less water loss, but CAM plants allow more water loss.

Question 12

Energy from sunlight can excite electrons, kicking them out of their orbitals and creating free radicals. Free radicals are highly reactive atoms or molecules that have unpaired electrons and degrade and destroy other compounds in their vicinity. Carotenoids, one of the pigments present in most chloroplasts, can stabilize these free radicals. This suggests that ________.

Accepted Answer

A)  once chloroplasts are destroyed, the free radicals will destroy the cell 
B)  carotenoids probably have a protective function in the cell 
C)  free radicals induce the synthesis of carotenoids in chloroplasts 
D)  carotenoids communicate directly with the immune system of plants 
A)  once chloroplasts are destroyed, the free radicals will destroy the cell 
B)  carotenoids probably have a protective function in the cell 
C)  free radicals induce the synthesis of carotenoids in chloroplasts 
D)  carotenoids communicate directly with the immune system of plants

Question 13

Use the accompanying figure to answer the question(s) below.  
-What wavelength of light in the figure is most effective in driving photosynthesis?

Accepted Answer

A)  420 mm 
B)  475 mm 
C)  575 mm 
D)  625 mm 
E)  730 mm 
A)  420 mm 
B)  475 mm 
C)  575 mm 
D)  625 mm 
E)  730 mm

Question 14

The electrons of photosystem II are excited and transferred to electron carriers. From which molecule or structure do the photosystem II replacement electrons come?

Accepted Answer

A)  the electron carrier, plastocyanin 
B)  photosystem I 
C)  water 
D)  oxygen 
A)  the electron carrier, plastocyanin 
B)  photosystem I 
C)  water 
D)  oxygen

Question 15

What is the primary function of the Calvin cycle?

Accepted Answer

A)  using ATP to release carbon dioxide 
B)  using NADPH to release carbon dioxide 
C)  splitting water and releasing oxygen 
D)  transporting RuBP out of the chloroplast 
E)  synthesizing simple sugars from carbon dioxide 
A)  using ATP to release carbon dioxide 
B)  using NADPH to release carbon dioxide 
C)  splitting water and releasing oxygen 
D)  transporting RuBP out of the chloroplast 
E)  synthesizing simple sugars from carbon dioxide

Question 16

The process of photosynthesis probably originated ________.

Accepted Answer

A)  in plants 
B)  in prokaryotes 
C)  in fungi 
D)  three separate times during evolution 
A)  in plants 
B)  in prokaryotes 
C)  in fungi 
D)  three separate times during evolution

Question 17

Some photosynthetic organisms contain chloroplasts that lack photosystem II yet are able to survive. The best way to detect the lack of photosystem II in these organisms would be to ________.

Accepted Answer

A)  determine if they have thylakoids in the chloroplasts 
B)  test for liberation of O2 in the light 
C)  test for CO2 fixation in the dark 
D)  do experiments to generate an action spectrum 
E)  test for production of either sucrose or starch 
A)  determine if they have thylakoids in the chloroplasts 
B)  test for liberation of O2 in the light 
C)  test for CO2 fixation in the dark 
D)  do experiments to generate an action spectrum 
E)  test for production of either sucrose or starch

Question 18

Use the accompanying figure to answer the question(s) below.  
-As electrons are passed through the system of electron carriers associated with photosystem II, they lose energy. What happens to this energy?

Accepted Answer

A)  It excites electrons of the reaction center of photosystem I. 
B)  It is lost as heat. 
C)  It is used to establish and maintain a proton gradient. 
D)  It is used to phosphorylate NAD+ to NADPH, the molecule that accepts electrons from photosystem I. 
A)  It excites electrons of the reaction center of photosystem I. 
B)  It is lost as heat. 
C)  It is used to establish and maintain a proton gradient. 
D)  It is used to phosphorylate NAD+ to NADPH, the molecule that accepts electrons from photosystem I.

Question 19

Which of the following are products of the light reactions of photosynthesis that are utilized in the Calvin cycle?

Accepted Answer

A)  CO2 and glucose 
B)  H2O and O2 
C)  ADP,i, and NADP+ 
D)  electrons and H+ 
E)  ATP and NADPH 
A)  CO2 and glucose 
B)  H2O and O2 
C)  ADP,i, and NADP+ 
D)  electrons and H+ 
E)  ATP and NADPH

Question 20

In a plant cell, where are the ATP synthase complexes located?

Accepted Answer

A)  thylakoid membrane only 
B)  plasma membrane only 
C)  inner mitochondrial membrane only 
D)  thylakoid membrane and inner mitochondrial membrane 
E)  thylakoid membrane and plasma membrane 
A)  thylakoid membrane only 
B)  plasma membrane only 
C)  inner mitochondrial membrane only 
D)  thylakoid membrane and inner mitochondrial membrane 
E)  thylakoid membrane and plasma membrane

Exam 10: Photosynthesis

Which of the following sequences correctly represents the flow of electrons during photosynthesis?

In its mechanism, photophosphorylation is most similar to ________.

Chlorophylls absorb most light in which colors of the visible range?

Use the accompanying figure to answer the question below. The figure shows the absorption spectrum for chlorophyll a and the action spectrum for photosynthesis. Why are they different?

Which of the following is a difference between chlorophyll a and chlorophyll b?

Which process is most directly driven by light energy?

Plants photosynthesize ________.

Which of the following procedures would identify the enzyme that catalyzes the carboxylation of ribulose-1,5-bisphosphate?

Which of the following are directly associated with photosystem I?

The alternative pathways of photosynthesis using the C4 or CAM systems are said to be compromises. Why?

Use the accompanying figure to answer the question(s) below. -What wavelength of light in the figure is most effective in driving photosynthesis?

The electrons of photosystem II are excited and transferred to electron carriers. From which molecule or structure do the photosystem II replacement electrons come?

What is the primary function of the Calvin cycle?

The process of photosynthesis probably originated ________.

Some photosynthetic organisms contain chloroplasts that lack photosystem II yet are able to survive. The best way to detect the lack of photosystem II in these organisms would be to ________.

Use the accompanying figure to answer the question(s) below. -As electrons are passed through the system of electron carriers associated with photosystem II, they lose energy. What happens to this energy?

Which of the following are products of the light reactions of photosynthesis that are utilized in the Calvin cycle?

In a plant cell, where are the ATP synthase complexes located?

Biology and the Tree of Life

Water and Carbon: the Chemical Basis of Life

Protein Structure and Function

Nucleic Acids and the Rna World

An Introduction to Carbohydrates

Ecosystems and Global Ecology

Lipids, Membranes, and the First Cells

Inside the Cell

Energy and Enzymes: an Introduction to Metabolism

Cellular Respiration and Fermentation

Cellcell Interactions

The Cell Cycle

Meiosis

Mendel and the Gene

Dna and the Gene: Synthesis and Repair

How Genes Work

Transcription, Rna Processing, and Translation

Control of Gene Expression in Bacteria

Control of Gene Expression in Eukaryotes

The Molecular Revolution: Biotechnology and Beyond

Genes, Development, and Evolution

Evolution by Natural Selection

Evolutionary Processes

Speciation

Phylogenies and the History of Life

Bacteria and Archaea

Protists

Green Algae and Land Plants

Fungi

An Introduction to Animals

Protostome Animals

Deuterostome Animals

Viruses

Plant Form and Function

Water and Sugar Transport in Plants

Plant Nutrition

Plant Sensory Systems, Signals, and Responses

Plant Reproduction and Development

Animal Form and Function

Water and Electrolyte Balance in Animals

Animal Nutrition

Gas Exchange and Circulation

Animal Nervous Systems

Animal Sensory Systems

Animal Movement

Chemical Signals in Animals

Animal Reproduction and Development

The Immune System in Animals

An Introduction to Ecology

Behavioral Ecology

Population Ecology

Community Ecology

Biodiversity and Conservation Biology

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