Exam 52: Community Ecology

Epiphytic orchids grow harmlessly on their host trees, and derive their resources from the air and from rain, rather than from their host plant. Which of the following is the best description of this species interaction?

Which of the following terms do ecologists use to describe the community interaction where one organism makes the environment more suitable for another organism?

Which is the best way to test the hypothesis that C. is competitively excluded from the lower intertidal zone by B. balanoides?

Which of the following would be most significant in understanding the structure of an ecological community? I. determining how many species are present overall II. determining which particular species are present III. determining the kinds of interactions that occur among organisms of different species IV. determining the relative abundance of species

What conclusion can you draw from the accompanying figure?

Which of the following is a widely supported explanation for the tendency of tropical communities to have greater species diversity than temperate or polar communities?

-In the accompanying figure, which individuals are displaying Batesian mimicry?

In the accompanying figure, what can be stated about species diversity and latitude?

Use the accompanying diagram to answer the question(s) below. -Connell conducted this experiment to learn more about ________.

In a particular case of secondary succession, three species of wild grass all invaded a field. By the second season, a single species dominated the field. A possible factor in this secondary succession was ________.

Which of the following is a prediction of the high-productivity hypothesis that is proposed to explain the latitudinal gradient in species diversity?

As you study two closely related predatory insect species, the two-spot and the three-spot avenger beetles, you notice that each species seeks prey at dawn in areas without the other species. However, where their ranges overlap, the two-spot avenger beetle hunts at night and the three-spot hunts in the morning. When you bring them into the laboratory and isolate the two different species, you discover that the offspring of both species are found to be nocturnal. You have discovered an example of ________.

Imagine five forest communities, each with one hundred individuals distributed among four different tree species (W, X, Y, and Z). Which forest community would be most diverse?

The symbols +, −, and 0 are to be used to show the results of interactions between individuals and groups of individuals in the examples that follow. The symbol + denotes a positive interaction, − denotes a negative interaction, and 0 denotes where individuals are not affected by interacting. The first symbol refers to the first organism mentioned. -What interactions exist between a tick on a dog and the dog?

What is the term used to describe the process shown in the panels in the accompanying figure, assuming Time 2 follows Time 1?

If two species are close competitors, and one species is experimentally removed from the community, the remaining species would be expected to ________.

There are more species in tropical areas than in places more distant from the equator. This is probably a result of ________.

Which of the following is a correct statement about the MacArthur/Wilson Island Biogeography Model?

Treehoppers (a type of insect) produce honeydew, which ants use for food. Treehoppers have a major predator, the jumping spider. Researchers hypothesized that the ants would protect the treehoppers from the spiders. In an experiment, researchers followed study plots with ants removed from the system and compared them to a control plot. In the figure shown, what can you conclude?

The symbols +, −, and 0 are to be used to show the results of interactions between individuals and groups of individuals in the examples that follow. The symbol + denotes a positive interaction, − denotes a negative interaction, and 0 denotes where individuals are not affected by interacting. The first symbol refers to the first organism mentioned. - What does the graph in the accompanying figure tell you about the definition of a keystone species?