Question 1

Which of the following represents the correct sequence of events for sexual reproduction in most vertebrates?

Accepted Answer

A)  mitosis → zygote → meiosis → gametes → embryo 
B)  meiosis → zygote → mitosis → gametes → embryo 
C)  mitosis → gametes → meiosis → zygote → embryo 
D)  meiosis → gametes → mitosis → zygote → embryo 
E)  meiosis → gametes → zygote → mitosis → embryo 
A)  mitosis → zygote → meiosis → gametes → embryo 
B)  meiosis → zygote → mitosis → gametes → embryo 
C)  mitosis → gametes → meiosis → zygote → embryo 
D)  meiosis → gametes → mitosis → zygote → embryo 
E)  meiosis → gametes → zygote → mitosis → embryo E

Question 2

Among these contraception methods, the highest risk of accidental pregnancy is associated with ________.

Accepted Answer

A)  the use of a diaphragm 
B)  the use of a condom 
C)  withdrawal 
D)  an intrauterine device 
E)  the rhythm method 
A)  the use of a diaphragm 
B)  the use of a condom 
C)  withdrawal 
D)  an intrauterine device 
E)  the rhythm method C

Question 3

You decide to study two species of birds, both of which form monogamous pairs (one male and one female). In species 1, you find that the eggs in a pair's nest are in fact almost always the offspring of that pair. In species 2, you are surprised to find that many of the eggs in a nest were actually fathered by males of neighboring pairs. Apparently, mating outside of monogamous pairings is widespread in species 2. Given this information, what would be the logical prediction to make before comparing the testes size of males of the two species?

Accepted Answer

A)  Testes of species 1 are larger than testes of species 2. 
B)  Testes of species 2 are larger than testes of species 1. 
C)  The testes size of species 1 will increase throughout its lifespan, eventually becoming larger than that of species 2. 
D)  There is no relationship between this observation and the size of testes. 
A)  Testes of species 1 are larger than testes of species 2. 
B)  Testes of species 2 are larger than testes of species 1. 
C)  The testes size of species 1 will increase throughout its lifespan, eventually becoming larger than that of species 2. 
D)  There is no relationship between this observation and the size of testes. B

Question 4

For water fleas of the genus Daphnia, switching from a pattern of asexual reproduction to sexual reproduction coincides with ________.

Accepted Answer

A)  environmental conditions becoming more favorable for offspring 
B)  greater abundance of food resources for offspring 
C)  periods of temperature or food stresses on adults 
D)  completion of puberty 
E)  exhaustion of an individual's supply of eggs 
A)  environmental conditions becoming more favorable for offspring 
B)  greater abundance of food resources for offspring 
C)  periods of temperature or food stresses on adults 
D)  completion of puberty 
E)  exhaustion of an individual's supply of eggs

Question 5

Which statement about human reproduction is correct?

Accepted Answer

A)  Fertilization occurs in the uterus. 
B)  In humans, spermatogenesis and oogenesis function best at normal, core body temperatures. 
C)  A human oocyte completes meiosis after a sperm penetrates it. 
D)  The earliest stages of spermatogenesis occur closest to the lumen of the seminiferous tubules. 
A)  Fertilization occurs in the uterus. 
B)  In humans, spermatogenesis and oogenesis function best at normal, core body temperatures. 
C)  A human oocyte completes meiosis after a sperm penetrates it. 
D)  The earliest stages of spermatogenesis occur closest to the lumen of the seminiferous tubules.

Question 6

Which of the following is most TRUE of sexual reproduction?

Accepted Answer

A)  Sexual reproduction allows for more rapid population growth than does asexual reproduction. 
B)  Only half of the offspring from sexually reproducing females are also females. 
C)  Asexual reproduction produces offspring of greater genetic variety. 
D)  Sexual reproduction is completed more rapidly than asexual reproduction. 
E)  Asexual reproduction is better suited to environments with extremely varying conditions. 
A)  Sexual reproduction allows for more rapid population growth than does asexual reproduction. 
B)  Only half of the offspring from sexually reproducing females are also females. 
C)  Asexual reproduction produces offspring of greater genetic variety. 
D)  Sexual reproduction is completed more rapidly than asexual reproduction. 
E)  Asexual reproduction is better suited to environments with extremely varying conditions.

Question 7

The fibrous layer that surrounds an oocyte is called the ________.

Accepted Answer

A)  vitelline envelope 
B)  jelly layer 
C)  corona radiate 
D)  plasma membrane 
E)  acrosome 
A)  vitelline envelope 
B)  jelly layer 
C)  corona radiate 
D)  plasma membrane 
E)  acrosome

Question 8

Asexual reproduction results in greater reproductive success than does sexual reproduction when ________.

Accepted Answer

A)  pathogens are rapidly diversifying 
B)  a species has accumulated numerous deleterious mutations 
C)  there is some potential for rapid overpopulation 
D)  a species is expanding into diverse geographic settings 
E)  a species is in stable and favorable environments 
A)  pathogens are rapidly diversifying 
B)  a species has accumulated numerous deleterious mutations 
C)  there is some potential for rapid overpopulation 
D)  a species is expanding into diverse geographic settings 
E)  a species is in stable and favorable environments

Question 9

Among nonmammalian vertebrates, the cloaca is an anatomical structure that functions as ________.

Accepted Answer

A)  a specialized sperm-transfer device produced only by males 
B)  a shared pathway for the digestive, excretory, and reproductive systems 
C)  a region bordered by the labia minora and clitoris in females 
D)  a source of nutrients for developing sperm in the testes 
E)  a gland that secretes mucus to lubricate the vaginal opening 
A)  a specialized sperm-transfer device produced only by males 
B)  a shared pathway for the digestive, excretory, and reproductive systems 
C)  a region bordered by the labia minora and clitoris in females 
D)  a source of nutrients for developing sperm in the testes 
E)  a gland that secretes mucus to lubricate the vaginal opening

Question 10

Mature human sperm and ova are similar in that they ________.

Accepted Answer

A)  both have the same number of chromosomes 
B)  are approximately the same size 
C)  each have a flagellum that provides motility 
D)  are produced from puberty until death 
E)  are formed before birth 
A)  both have the same number of chromosomes 
B)  are approximately the same size 
C)  each have a flagellum that provides motility 
D)  are produced from puberty until death 
E)  are formed before birth

Question 11

All individuals of a particular species of whiptail lizards are females. Their reproductive efforts depend on ________.

Accepted Answer

A)  fertilization of their eggs by males of other lizard species 
B)  gonadal structures that only undergo mitosis 
C)  parthenogenesis 
D)  budding prior to the development of a sexual phenotype 
E)  fission of diploid gametes 
A)  fertilization of their eggs by males of other lizard species 
B)  gonadal structures that only undergo mitosis 
C)  parthenogenesis 
D)  budding prior to the development of a sexual phenotype 
E)  fission of diploid gametes

Question 12

In frog embryos, the blastopore becomes the ________.

Accepted Answer

A)  anus 
B)  ears 
C)  eyes 
D)  nose 
E)  mouth 
A)  anus 
B)  ears 
C)  eyes 
D)  nose 
E)  mouth

Question 13

Human sperm cells develop from spermatogonia in the ________.

Accepted Answer

A)  prostate gland 
B)  vas deferens 
C)  testes 
D)  epididymis 
E)  seminal vesicles 
A)  prostate gland 
B)  vas deferens 
C)  testes 
D)  epididymis 
E)  seminal vesicles

Question 14

Which of the following correctly describes a difference between spermatogenesis and oogenesis?

Accepted Answer

A)  Spermatogenesis results in four mature sperm cells, whereas oogenesis results in one mature egg cell. 
B)  Spermatogenesis results in one mature sperm cell, whereas oogenesis results in four mature egg cells. 
C)  In spermatogenesis, mitosis occurs twice and meiosis once; in oogenesis, mitosis occurs once and meiosis twice. 
D)  In spermatogenesis, mitosis occurs twice and meiosis once; in oogenesis, mitosis occurs once and meiosis twice 
A)  Spermatogenesis results in four mature sperm cells, whereas oogenesis results in one mature egg cell. 
B)  Spermatogenesis results in one mature sperm cell, whereas oogenesis results in four mature egg cells. 
C)  In spermatogenesis, mitosis occurs twice and meiosis once; in oogenesis, mitosis occurs once and meiosis twice. 
D)  In spermatogenesis, mitosis occurs twice and meiosis once; in oogenesis, mitosis occurs once and meiosis twice

Question 15

An oocyte released from a human ovary enters the ________.

Accepted Answer

A)  uterus 
B)  vagina 
C)  oviduct 
D)  cervix 
E)  cloaca 
A)  uterus 
B)  vagina 
C)  oviduct 
D)  cervix 
E)  cloaca

Question 16

In an animal that switches between sexual and asexual reproduction, when is sexual reproduction more likely to occur?

Accepted Answer

A)  when conditions for survival are favorable 
B)  when conditions for survival are unfavorable 
C)  when males and females find each other 
D)  What conditions favor sexual over asexual reproduction remains a complete mystery. 
A)  when conditions for survival are favorable 
B)  when conditions for survival are unfavorable 
C)  when males and females find each other 
D)  What conditions favor sexual over asexual reproduction remains a complete mystery.

Question 17

Birth is complete once ________.

Accepted Answer

A)  the baby is born 
B)  the placenta is delivered 
C)  the baby begins to nurse 
D)  oxytocin is released from the posterior pituitary gland 
A)  the baby is born 
B)  the placenta is delivered 
C)  the baby begins to nurse 
D)  oxytocin is released from the posterior pituitary gland

Question 18

When female fruit flies mate with two different males on the same day, ________.

Accepted Answer

A)  the first male's sperm fertilizes all of the eggs 
B)  the first male's sperm fertilizes most of the eggs 
C)  the second male's sperm fertilizes most of the eggs 
D)  the first and second males fertilize equal numbers of eggs 
E)  none of the eggs become fertilized 
A)  the first male's sperm fertilizes all of the eggs 
B)  the first male's sperm fertilizes most of the eggs 
C)  the second male's sperm fertilizes most of the eggs 
D)  the first and second males fertilize equal numbers of eggs 
E)  none of the eggs become fertilized

Question 19

Testosterone is synthesized primarily ________.

Accepted Answer

A)  sperm cells 
B)  neurons of the hypothalamus 
C)  cells within the testes 
D)  secretory cells of the anterior pituitary gland 
E)  cells lining the seminiferous tubules 
A)  sperm cells 
B)  neurons of the hypothalamus 
C)  cells within the testes 
D)  secretory cells of the anterior pituitary gland 
E)  cells lining the seminiferous tubules

Question 20

Which of the following is the most likely explanation for the lack of a filter blocking the passage of alcohol between the maternal and fetal circulations in humans?

Accepted Answer

A)  There has not been enough time to evolve such a barrier. 
B)  Such a barrier would probably also block important molecules that need to be passed to the fetus. 
C)  The maternal and fetal blood mix directly together in an area with many villi, so a barrier is impossible. 
D)  Alcohol has some positive effects on the fetus, so evolution has resulted in an intermediate level of filtering that blocks all but the worst abuses of alcohol. 
A)  There has not been enough time to evolve such a barrier. 
B)  Such a barrier would probably also block important molecules that need to be passed to the fetus. 
C)  The maternal and fetal blood mix directly together in an area with many villi, so a barrier is impossible. 
D)  Alcohol has some positive effects on the fetus, so evolution has resulted in an intermediate level of filtering that blocks all but the worst abuses of alcohol.

Exam 47: Animal Reproduction and Development

Which of the following represents the correct sequence of events for sexual reproduction in most vertebrates?

Among these contraception methods, the highest risk of accidental pregnancy is associated with ________.

For water fleas of the genus Daphnia, switching from a pattern of asexual reproduction to sexual reproduction coincides with ________.

Which statement about human reproduction is correct?

Which of the following is most TRUE of sexual reproduction?

The fibrous layer that surrounds an oocyte is called the ________.

Asexual reproduction results in greater reproductive success than does sexual reproduction when ________.

Among nonmammalian vertebrates, the cloaca is an anatomical structure that functions as ________.

Mature human sperm and ova are similar in that they ________.

All individuals of a particular species of whiptail lizards are females. Their reproductive efforts depend on ________.

In frog embryos, the blastopore becomes the ________.

Human sperm cells develop from spermatogonia in the ________.

Which of the following correctly describes a difference between spermatogenesis and oogenesis?

An oocyte released from a human ovary enters the ________.

In an animal that switches between sexual and asexual reproduction, when is sexual reproduction more likely to occur?

Birth is complete once ________.

When female fruit flies mate with two different males on the same day, ________.

Testosterone is synthesized primarily ________.

Which of the following is the most likely explanation for the lack of a filter blocking the passage of alcohol between the maternal and fetal circulations in humans?

Biology and the Tree of Life

Water and Carbon: the Chemical Basis of Life

Protein Structure and Function

Nucleic Acids and the Rna World

An Introduction to Carbohydrates

Ecosystems and Global Ecology

Lipids, Membranes, and the First Cells

Inside the Cell

Energy and Enzymes: an Introduction to Metabolism

Cellular Respiration and Fermentation

Photosynthesis

Cellcell Interactions

The Cell Cycle

Meiosis

Mendel and the Gene

Dna and the Gene: Synthesis and Repair

How Genes Work

Transcription, Rna Processing, and Translation

Control of Gene Expression in Bacteria

Control of Gene Expression in Eukaryotes

The Molecular Revolution: Biotechnology and Beyond

Genes, Development, and Evolution

Evolution by Natural Selection

Evolutionary Processes

Speciation

Phylogenies and the History of Life

Bacteria and Archaea

Protists

Green Algae and Land Plants

Fungi

An Introduction to Animals

Protostome Animals

Deuterostome Animals

Viruses

Plant Form and Function

Water and Sugar Transport in Plants

Plant Nutrition

Plant Sensory Systems, Signals, and Responses

Plant Reproduction and Development

Animal Form and Function

Water and Electrolyte Balance in Animals

Animal Nutrition

Gas Exchange and Circulation

Animal Nervous Systems

Animal Sensory Systems

Animal Movement

Chemical Signals in Animals

The Immune System in Animals

An Introduction to Ecology

Behavioral Ecology

Population Ecology

Community Ecology

Biodiversity and Conservation Biology

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