Question 1

In which location would you expect the oxygen concentration to be the lowest?

Accepted Answer

A)  the environment 
B)  the blood 
C)  the lungs 
D)  within tissues 
E)  the heart 
A)  the environment 
B)  the blood 
C)  the lungs 
D)  within tissues 
E)  the heart D

Question 2

What is present in arterioles that is NOT present in capillaries?

Accepted Answer

A)  white blood cells and platelets 
B)  carbon dioxide 
C)  a lining of endothelial cells 
D)  circular smooth muscle cells 
A)  white blood cells and platelets 
B)  carbon dioxide 
C)  a lining of endothelial cells 
D)  circular smooth muscle cells D

Question 3

What type of blood vessels has the slowest velocity of blood flow?

Accepted Answer

A)  arteries 
B)  arterioles 
C)  veins 
D)  capillaries 
A)  arteries 
B)  arterioles 
C)  veins 
D)  capillaries D

Question 4

Birds generate a lot of heat, especially during flight. Yet the adipose tissue under their skin and the feathers atop their skin make it difficult to eliminate excess heat across the skin. Which of the following alternatives can absorb body heat and eliminate it from the bird most effectively?

Accepted Answer

A)  air in the air sacs 
B)  lymph in the lymphatic vessels 
C)  blood in the vessels 
D)  blood in the heart 
E)  urine in the bladder 
A)  air in the air sacs 
B)  lymph in the lymphatic vessels 
C)  blood in the vessels 
D)  blood in the heart 
E)  urine in the bladder

Question 5

Gas exchange is more difficult for aquatic animals with gills than for terrestrial animals with lungs because ________.

Accepted Answer

A)  water is less dense than air 
B)  water contains much less oxygen per unit volume than air 
C)  gills have less surface area than lungs 
D)  gills allow only unidirectional transport 
E)  gills collapse in air 
A)  water is less dense than air 
B)  water contains much less oxygen per unit volume than air 
C)  gills have less surface area than lungs 
D)  gills allow only unidirectional transport 
E)  gills collapse in air

Question 6

A patient with a blood pressure of 120/75, a pulse rate of 70 beats/minute, a stroke volume of 70 mL/beat (milliliters per beat), and a respiratory rate of 25 breaths/minute will have a cardiac output of ________.

Accepted Answer

A)  70 mL/minute 
B)  1000 mL/minute 
C)  1750 mL/minute 
D)  2800 mL/minute 
E)  4900 mL/minute 
A)  70 mL/minute 
B)  1000 mL/minute 
C)  1750 mL/minute 
D)  2800 mL/minute 
E)  4900 mL/minute

Question 7

The atrioventricular (AV) node serves to ________.

Accepted Answer

A)  generate the heartbeat signal 
B)  propagate the beat across the atria 
C)  delay the heartbeat signal before transmitting it to the ventricles 
D)  transmit the heartbeat signal to the apex of the ventricles 
E)  cause the heart to relax 
A)  generate the heartbeat signal 
B)  propagate the beat across the atria 
C)  delay the heartbeat signal before transmitting it to the ventricles 
D)  transmit the heartbeat signal to the apex of the ventricles 
E)  cause the heart to relax

Question 8

Damage to the sinoatrial node in humans ________.

Accepted Answer

A)  is a major contributor to heart attacks 
B)  would block conductance between the bundle branches and the Purkinje fibers 
C)  would have a negative effect on peripheral resistance 
D)  would disrupt the rate and timing of cardiac muscle contractions 
E)  would have a direct effect on blood pressure monitors in the aorta 
A)  is a major contributor to heart attacks 
B)  would block conductance between the bundle branches and the Purkinje fibers 
C)  would have a negative effect on peripheral resistance 
D)  would disrupt the rate and timing of cardiac muscle contractions 
E)  would have a direct effect on blood pressure monitors in the aorta

Question 9

When you are jogging, your muscles are using more oxygen and releasing more carbon dioxide into the blood than when you are at home on the couch. Which of the following would occur during your jog?

Accepted Answer

A)  Blood pH would become more basic. 
B)  The concentration of bicarbonate ions (HCO3−) in the blood would decrease. 
C)  The medullary respiratory center would detect rising carbon dioxide levels. 
D)  The volume of the dead air space would decrease. 
A)  Blood pH would become more basic. 
B)  The concentration of bicarbonate ions (HCO3−) in the blood would decrease. 
C)  The medullary respiratory center would detect rising carbon dioxide levels. 
D)  The volume of the dead air space would decrease.

Question 10

Which of the following statements comparing respiration in fish and in mammals is correct?

Accepted Answer

A)  The respiratory medium for fish carries more oxygen than the respiratory medium of mammals. 
B)  A countercurrent exchange mechanism between the respiratory medium and blood flow is seen in mammals but not in fish. 
C)  The movement of the respiratory medium in mammals is bidirectional, but in fish it is unidirectional. 
D)  In blood, oxygen is primarily transported by plasma in fish, but by red blood cells in mammals. 
A)  The respiratory medium for fish carries more oxygen than the respiratory medium of mammals. 
B)  A countercurrent exchange mechanism between the respiratory medium and blood flow is seen in mammals but not in fish. 
C)  The movement of the respiratory medium in mammals is bidirectional, but in fish it is unidirectional. 
D)  In blood, oxygen is primarily transported by plasma in fish, but by red blood cells in mammals.

Question 11

The blood pressure is lowest in the ________.

Accepted Answer

A)  aorta 
B)  arteries 
C)  arterioles 
D)  left ventricle of the heart 
E)  vena cava 
A)  aorta 
B)  arteries 
C)  arterioles 
D)  left ventricle of the heart 
E)  vena cava

Question 12

A significant increase in the amount of interstitial fluid surrounding the capillary beds of a human's lungs will cause ________.

Accepted Answer

A)  an increase in the amount of carbon dioxide moving from the blood to the lungs 
B)  an increase in the amount of oxygen moving from the lungs into the blood 
C)  a decrease in the amount of oxygen moving from the lungs into the blood 
D)  an increase of pressure that would cause the capillary beds to burst 
E)  a decrease in the amount of work needed for effective ventilation of the lungs 
A)  an increase in the amount of carbon dioxide moving from the blood to the lungs 
B)  an increase in the amount of oxygen moving from the lungs into the blood 
C)  a decrease in the amount of oxygen moving from the lungs into the blood 
D)  an increase of pressure that would cause the capillary beds to burst 
E)  a decrease in the amount of work needed for effective ventilation of the lungs

Question 13

The sun shining on a tidal pool during a hot day heats the water. As some water evaporates, the pool becomes saltier, causing ________.

Accepted Answer

A)  an increase in its carbon dioxide content 
B)  a decrease in its oxygen content 
C)  an increase in its ability to sustain aerobic organisms 
D)  a decrease in the water's density 
A)  an increase in its carbon dioxide content 
B)  a decrease in its oxygen content 
C)  an increase in its ability to sustain aerobic organisms 
D)  a decrease in the water's density

Question 14

Countercurrent exchange in the fish gill helps to maximize ________.

Accepted Answer

A)  endocytosis 
B)  blood pressure 
C)  extraction of oxygen from the water 
D)  active transport 
E)  osmosis 
A)  endocytosis 
B)  blood pressure 
C)  extraction of oxygen from the water 
D)  active transport 
E)  osmosis

Question 15

Carbon dioxide levels in the blood and in cerebrospinal fluid affect pH of these fluids. This enables the organism to sense a disturbance in gas levels as ________.

Accepted Answer

A)  the brain directly measures and monitors oxygen levels and causes breathing changes accordingly 
B)  neurons in contact with cerebrospinal fluid monitor pH and use this measure to control breathing 
C)  the brain alters the pH of the cerebrospinal fluid to force the animal to retain more or less carbon dioxide 
D)  stretch receptors in the lungs cause the medulla oblongata to speed up or slow breathing 
E)  the medulla oblongata is able to control the concentration of bicarbonate ions in the blood 
A)  the brain directly measures and monitors oxygen levels and causes breathing changes accordingly 
B)  neurons in contact with cerebrospinal fluid monitor pH and use this measure to control breathing 
C)  the brain alters the pH of the cerebrospinal fluid to force the animal to retain more or less carbon dioxide 
D)  stretch receptors in the lungs cause the medulla oblongata to speed up or slow breathing 
E)  the medulla oblongata is able to control the concentration of bicarbonate ions in the blood

Question 16

When the air in a testing chamber is specially mixed so that its oxygen content is 10 percent and its overall air pressure is 400 mm Hg, then PO2 is ________.

Accepted Answer

A)  400 mm Hg 
B)  82 mm Hg 
C)  40 mm Hg 
D)  21 mm Hg 
E)  4 mm Hg 
A)  400 mm Hg 
B)  82 mm Hg 
C)  40 mm Hg 
D)  21 mm Hg 
E)  4 mm Hg

Question 17

Atria contract ________.

Accepted Answer

A)  at the beginning of atrial diastole 
B)  during atrial diastole 
C)  immediately after ventricular systole 
D)  during atrial systole 
A)  at the beginning of atrial diastole 
B)  during atrial diastole 
C)  immediately after ventricular systole 
D)  during atrial systole

Question 18

The plasma proteins and other solutes in the blood in humans ________.

Accepted Answer

A)  maintain the blood's osmotic pressure 
B)  transport water-soluble lipids 
C)  carry out gas exchange 
D)  undergo aerobic metabolism 
E)  transport oxygen 
A)  maintain the blood's osmotic pressure 
B)  transport water-soluble lipids 
C)  carry out gas exchange 
D)  undergo aerobic metabolism 
E)  transport oxygen

Question 19

Among the following choices, which organism likely has the highest systolic pressure?

Accepted Answer

A)  mouse 
B)  rabbit 
C)  human 
D)  hippopotamus 
E)  giraffe 
A)  mouse 
B)  rabbit 
C)  human 
D)  hippopotamus 
E)  giraffe

Question 20

Compared with the interstitial fluid that bathes active muscle cells, blood reaching these muscle cells in arteries has a ________.

Accepted Answer

A)  higher PO2 
B)  higher PCO2 
C)  greater bicarbonate concentration 
D)  lower pH 
E)  lower osmotic pressure 
A)  higher PO2 
B)  higher PCO2 
C)  greater bicarbonate concentration 
D)  lower pH 
E)  lower osmotic pressure

Exam 42: Gas Exchange and Circulation

In which location would you expect the oxygen concentration to be the lowest?

What is present in arterioles that is NOT present in capillaries?

What type of blood vessels has the slowest velocity of blood flow?

Birds generate a lot of heat, especially during flight. Yet the adipose tissue under their skin and the feathers atop their skin make it difficult to eliminate excess heat across the skin. Which of the following alternatives can absorb body heat and eliminate it from the bird most effectively?

Gas exchange is more difficult for aquatic animals with gills than for terrestrial animals with lungs because ________.

A patient with a blood pressure of 120/75, a pulse rate of 70 beats/minute, a stroke volume of 70 mL/beat (milliliters per beat), and a respiratory rate of 25 breaths/minute will have a cardiac output of ________.

The atrioventricular (AV) node serves to ________.

Damage to the sinoatrial node in humans ________.

When you are jogging, your muscles are using more oxygen and releasing more carbon dioxide into the blood than when you are at home on the couch. Which of the following would occur during your jog?

Which of the following statements comparing respiration in fish and in mammals is correct?

The blood pressure is lowest in the ________.

A significant increase in the amount of interstitial fluid surrounding the capillary beds of a human's lungs will cause ________.

The sun shining on a tidal pool during a hot day heats the water. As some water evaporates, the pool becomes saltier, causing ________.

Countercurrent exchange in the fish gill helps to maximize ________.

Carbon dioxide levels in the blood and in cerebrospinal fluid affect pH of these fluids. This enables the organism to sense a disturbance in gas levels as ________.

When the air in a testing chamber is specially mixed so that its oxygen content is 10 percent and its overall air pressure is 400 mm Hg, then PO2 is ________.

Atria contract ________.

The plasma proteins and other solutes in the blood in humans ________.

Among the following choices, which organism likely has the highest systolic pressure?

Compared with the interstitial fluid that bathes active muscle cells, blood reaching these muscle cells in arteries has a ________.

Biology and the Tree of Life

Water and Carbon: the Chemical Basis of Life

Protein Structure and Function

Nucleic Acids and the Rna World

An Introduction to Carbohydrates

Ecosystems and Global Ecology

Lipids, Membranes, and the First Cells

Inside the Cell

Energy and Enzymes: an Introduction to Metabolism

Cellular Respiration and Fermentation

Photosynthesis

Cellcell Interactions

The Cell Cycle

Meiosis

Mendel and the Gene

Dna and the Gene: Synthesis and Repair

How Genes Work

Transcription, Rna Processing, and Translation

Control of Gene Expression in Bacteria

Control of Gene Expression in Eukaryotes

The Molecular Revolution: Biotechnology and Beyond

Genes, Development, and Evolution

Evolution by Natural Selection

Evolutionary Processes

Speciation

Phylogenies and the History of Life

Bacteria and Archaea

Protists

Green Algae and Land Plants

Fungi

An Introduction to Animals

Protostome Animals

Deuterostome Animals

Viruses

Plant Form and Function

Water and Sugar Transport in Plants

Plant Nutrition

Plant Sensory Systems, Signals, and Responses

Plant Reproduction and Development

Animal Form and Function

Water and Electrolyte Balance in Animals

Animal Nutrition

Animal Nervous Systems

Animal Sensory Systems

Animal Movement

Chemical Signals in Animals

Animal Reproduction and Development

The Immune System in Animals

An Introduction to Ecology

Behavioral Ecology

Population Ecology

Community Ecology

Biodiversity and Conservation Biology

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