Exam 43: Animal Nervous Systems

Tetrodotoxin blocks voltage-gated sodium channels and ouabain blocks sodium-potassium pumps. If you added both tetrodotoxin and ouabain to a solution containing neural tissue, what responses would you expect?

What happens if the correct ligand binds to ligand-gated sodium channel in a post-synaptic neuron?

An important inhibitory neurotransmitter of the human brain is ________.

The membrane potential in which there is no net movement of the ion across the membrane is called the ________.

An example of ligand-gated ion channels is ________.

Which of the following will increase the speed of an action potential moving down an axon? I. Action potentials move faster in larger-diameter axons. II. Action potentials move faster in axons lacking potassium ion channels. III. Action potentials move faster in myelinated axons.

Exercise and emergency reactions include ________.

Which of the following structures or regions is correctly paired with its function?

The following steps refer to various stages in transmission at a chemical synapse. 1) Neurotransmitter binds with receptors associated with the postsynaptic membrane. 2) Calcium ions rush into the neuron's cytoplasm. 3) An action potential depolarizes the membrane of the presynaptic axon terminal. 4) The ligand-gated ion channels open. 5) The synaptic vesicles release a supply of neurotransmitter into the synaptic cleft. Which sequence of events is correct?

Refer to the following graph of an action potential to answer the question(s) below. -The membrane's permeability to sodium ions is at its maximum at label ________.

Short-term memory information processing usually causes changes in the ________.

The operation of the sodium-potassium "pump" moves ________.

Recent evidence supports that hypothesis that individual memories are stored ________.

Which neurotransmitter excites muscle cells?

Why do Na+ ions enter the cell when voltage-gated Na+ channels are opened in neurons?

Receptors for neurotransmitters are of primary functional importance in assuring one-way synaptic transmission because they are mostly found on the ________.

The organization of the nervous system with a large ganglion or brain at the anterior end of the organism is termed ________.

Which of the following is a direct result of depolarizing the presynaptic membrane of an axon terminal?

The "threshold" potential of a membrane is the ________.

Action potentials move along axons ________.