Question 1

Embryogenesis in plants is about the same process as ________.

Accepted Answer

A)  cleavage in animals 
B)  gastrulation in animals 
C)  organogenesis in animals 
D)  cleavage and organogenesis in animals 
A)  cleavage in animals 
B)  gastrulation in animals 
C)  organogenesis in animals 
D)  cleavage and organogenesis in animals D

Question 2

________ prevents seeds from germinating until conditions are favorable for the growth of the plant.

Accepted Answer

A)  Ethylene 
B)  Auxin 
C)  Zeaxanthin 
D)  Gibberellin 
E)  Abscisic acid 
A)  Ethylene 
B)  Auxin 
C)  Zeaxanthin 
D)  Gibberellin 
E)  Abscisic acid E

Question 3

Among plants known as legumes (beans, peas, alfalfa, clover, for example), the seeds are contained in a fruit that is itself called a legume, better known as a pod. Upon opening such pods, it is commonly observed that some ovules have become mature seeds, whereas other ovules have not. Which of the following statements is (are) TRUE?
1) The flowers that gave rise to such pods were not pollinated.
2) Pollen tubes did not enter all of the ovules in such pods.
3) There was apparently not enough endosperm to distribute to all of the ovules in such pods.
4) The ovules that failed to develop into seeds were derived from sterile floral parts.
5) Fruit can develop, even if all ovules within have not been fertilized.

Accepted Answer

A)  1 only 
B)  1 and 5 
C)  2 and 4 
D)  2 and 5 
E)  3 and 5 
A)  1 only 
B)  1 and 5 
C)  2 and 4 
D)  2 and 5 
E)  3 and 5 D

Question 4

Which of the following best describes the ploidy level of the cells found in a fertilized embryo sac?

Accepted Answer

A)  All cells are diploid. 
B)  All cells are triploid. 
C)  All cells are polyploid. 
D)  The ploidy level varies among species. 
E)  There are haploid, diploid, and triploid cells. 
A)  All cells are diploid. 
B)  All cells are triploid. 
C)  All cells are polyploid. 
D)  The ploidy level varies among species. 
E)  There are haploid, diploid, and triploid cells.

Question 5

Communication within and between cells of an embryo can include all of the following EXCEPT ________.

Accepted Answer

A)  increased concentration of signaling molecules 
B)  changes in binding to regulatory sequences 
C)  changes in gene transcription 
D)  changes in gene sequences 
A)  increased concentration of signaling molecules 
B)  changes in binding to regulatory sequences 
C)  changes in gene transcription 
D)  changes in gene sequences

Question 6

If the expression of the PHAN gene is blocked in plants, what will be the likely result?

Accepted Answer

A)  Plants will fail to develop leaves. 
B)  Plants will develop more leaves than usual. 
C)  Plants will develop leaves in very simple shapes. 
D)  Plants will develop leaves in inappropriate places. 
A)  Plants will fail to develop leaves. 
B)  Plants will develop more leaves than usual. 
C)  Plants will develop leaves in very simple shapes. 
D)  Plants will develop leaves in inappropriate places.

Question 7

The ovary is most often located in the ________.

Accepted Answer

A)  stamen 
B)  carpel 
C)  petals 
D)  sepals 
E)  receptacle 
A)  stamen 
B)  carpel 
C)  petals 
D)  sepals 
E)  receptacle

Question 8

Endosperm is a major part of monocot seeds. In most eudicots, ________.

Accepted Answer

A)  the same thing is true; there is a substantial amount of endosperm 
B)  endosperm never even starts to form after double fertilization 
C)  endosperm nutrients are repackaged into the cotyledons 
D)  endosperm replaces cotyledons in the seed 
A)  the same thing is true; there is a substantial amount of endosperm 
B)  endosperm never even starts to form after double fertilization 
C)  endosperm nutrients are repackaged into the cotyledons 
D)  endosperm replaces cotyledons in the seed

Question 9

Where does meiosis occur in a flowering plant?
I. megasporocyte
II. microsporocyte
III. endosperm
IV. pollen tube

Accepted Answer

A)  only I 
B)  only II 
C)  only III 
D)  I and III 
E)  I and II 
A)  only I 
B)  only II 
C)  only III 
D)  I and III 
E)  I and II

Question 10

Which of the following is (are) TRUE in plants?
I. Mitosis occurs in gametophytes to produce gametes.
II. Meiosis occurs in sporophytes to produce spores.
III. The gametophyte is within the flower in angiosperms.

Accepted Answer

A)  only I 
B)  only II 
C)  only III 
D)  only I and II 
E)  I, II, and III 
A)  only I 
B)  only II 
C)  only III 
D)  only I and II 
E)  I, II, and III

Question 11

Which of the following is the correct order of floral organs from the outside to the inside of a complete flower?

Accepted Answer

A)  petals → sepals → stamens → carpels 
B)  sepals → stamens → petals → carpels 
C)  spores → gametes → zygote → embryo 
D)  sepals → petals → stamens → carpels 
E)  male gametophyte → female gametophyte → sepals → petals 
A)  petals → sepals → stamens → carpels 
B)  sepals → stamens → petals → carpels 
C)  spores → gametes → zygote → embryo 
D)  sepals → petals → stamens → carpels 
E)  male gametophyte → female gametophyte → sepals → petals

Question 12

Angiosperms are the most successful terrestrial plants. Which of the following features is unique to them and helps account for their success?

Accepted Answer

A)  wind pollination 
B)  dominant gametophytes 
C)  fruits enclosing seeds 
D)  embryos enclosed within seed coats 
E)  sperm cells without flagella 
A)  wind pollination 
B)  dominant gametophytes 
C)  fruits enclosing seeds 
D)  embryos enclosed within seed coats 
E)  sperm cells without flagella

Question 13

Growth and development of plant parts involves ________.
I. cell division to produce new cells
II. enlargement and elongation of cells
III. specialization of cells into tissues

Accepted Answer

A)  only I 
B)  only II 
C)  only III 
D)  I and III 
E)  I, II, and III 
A)  only I 
B)  only II 
C)  only III 
D)  I and III 
E)  I, II, and III

Question 14

Based on the ABC model, what would be the structure of a flower from the outermost whorl that had normal expression of genes A and C and expression of gene B in all four whorls?

Accepted Answer

A)  carpel-petal-petal-carpel 
B)  petal-petal-stamen-stamen 
C)  sepal-carpel-carpel-sepal 
D)  sepal-sepal-carpel-carpel 
E)  carpel-carpel-carpel-carpel 
A)  carpel-petal-petal-carpel 
B)  petal-petal-stamen-stamen 
C)  sepal-carpel-carpel-sepal 
D)  sepal-sepal-carpel-carpel 
E)  carpel-carpel-carpel-carpel

Question 15

Which of the following occur during the formation of an embryo from a zygote in angiosperms?
I. The root and shoot systems emerge from the seed.
II. The basal cell forms a suspensor that provides a route for nutrient transfer between the parent plant and the developing embryo.
III. Meiosis produces a mass of cells that become the young embryo.
IV. Cells differentiate to form the basic plant tissue types.
V. The early root-shoot axis is formed.

Accepted Answer

A)  I, II, and III 
B)  II, IV, and V 
C)  II, III, IV, and V 
D)  I, II, and IV 
E)  III, IV, and V 
A)  I, II, and III 
B)  II, IV, and V 
C)  II, III, IV, and V 
D)  I, II, and IV 
E)  III, IV, and V

Question 16

In flowering plants, a mature male gametophyte contains ________.

Accepted Answer

A)  two haploid gametes and a diploid pollen grain 
B)  a generative cell and a tube cell 
C)  two sperm cells and one tube cell 
D)  two haploid microspores 
E)  a haploid nucleus and a diploid pollen wall 
A)  two haploid gametes and a diploid pollen grain 
B)  a generative cell and a tube cell 
C)  two sperm cells and one tube cell 
D)  two haploid microspores 
E)  a haploid nucleus and a diploid pollen wall

Question 17

Plant and animal development share a number of features but differ in major ways as well. Which of the following best summarizes the similarities between the two forms of development?

Accepted Answer

A)  Both plants and animals develop following a process of single fertilization. 
B)  Both plants and animals produce specialized tissues through irreversible processes of determination and differentiation. 
C)  Both plants and animals produce gametes via meiosis followed by mitosis of haploid cells. 
D)  Both plant and animal development depend on precise control of gene expression in time and in space. 
A)  Both plants and animals develop following a process of single fertilization. 
B)  Both plants and animals produce specialized tissues through irreversible processes of determination and differentiation. 
C)  Both plants and animals produce gametes via meiosis followed by mitosis of haploid cells. 
D)  Both plant and animal development depend on precise control of gene expression in time and in space.

Question 18

According to the ABC model of floral development, which genes would be expressed in a showy ornamental flower with multiple sepals and petals but no stamens or carpels?

Accepted Answer

A)  A genes only 
B)  B genes only 
C)  C genes only 
D)  A and B genes only 
E)  A and C genes only 
A)  A genes only 
B)  B genes only 
C)  C genes only 
D)  A and B genes only 
E)  A and C genes only

Question 19

Microsporangia in flowering plants are located in the ________.

Accepted Answer

A)  stamen 
B)  carpel 
C)  petals 
D)  sepals 
E)  receptacle 
A)  stamen 
B)  carpel 
C)  petals 
D)  sepals 
E)  receptacle

Question 20

In the life cycle of an angiosperm, which of the following stages is diploid?

Accepted Answer

A)  megaspore 
B)  generative nucleus of a pollen grain 
C)  polar nuclei of the embryo sac 
D)  microsporocyte 
E)  both megaspore and polar nuclei 
A)  megaspore 
B)  generative nucleus of a pollen grain 
C)  polar nuclei of the embryo sac 
D)  microsporocyte 
E)  both megaspore and polar nuclei

Exam 38: Plant Reproduction and Development

Embryogenesis in plants is about the same process as ________.

________ prevents seeds from germinating until conditions are favorable for the growth of the plant.

Which of the following best describes the ploidy level of the cells found in a fertilized embryo sac?

Communication within and between cells of an embryo can include all of the following EXCEPT ________.

If the expression of the PHAN gene is blocked in plants, what will be the likely result?

The ovary is most often located in the ________.

Endosperm is a major part of monocot seeds. In most eudicots, ________.

Where does meiosis occur in a flowering plant? I. megasporocyte II. microsporocyte III. endosperm IV. pollen tube

Which of the following is (are) TRUE in plants? I. Mitosis occurs in gametophytes to produce gametes. II. Meiosis occurs in sporophytes to produce spores. III. The gametophyte is within the flower in angiosperms.

Which of the following is the correct order of floral organs from the outside to the inside of a complete flower?

Angiosperms are the most successful terrestrial plants. Which of the following features is unique to them and helps account for their success?

Growth and development of plant parts involves ________. I. cell division to produce new cells II. enlargement and elongation of cells III. specialization of cells into tissues

Based on the ABC model, what would be the structure of a flower from the outermost whorl that had normal expression of genes A and C and expression of gene B in all four whorls?

In flowering plants, a mature male gametophyte contains ________.

Plant and animal development share a number of features but differ in major ways as well. Which of the following best summarizes the similarities between the two forms of development?

According to the ABC model of floral development, which genes would be expressed in a showy ornamental flower with multiple sepals and petals but no stamens or carpels?

Microsporangia in flowering plants are located in the ________.

In the life cycle of an angiosperm, which of the following stages is diploid?

Biology and the Tree of Life

Water and Carbon: the Chemical Basis of Life

Protein Structure and Function

Nucleic Acids and the Rna World

An Introduction to Carbohydrates

Ecosystems and Global Ecology

Lipids, Membranes, and the First Cells

Inside the Cell

Energy and Enzymes: an Introduction to Metabolism

Cellular Respiration and Fermentation

Photosynthesis

Cellcell Interactions

The Cell Cycle

Meiosis

Mendel and the Gene

Dna and the Gene: Synthesis and Repair

How Genes Work

Transcription, Rna Processing, and Translation

Control of Gene Expression in Bacteria

Control of Gene Expression in Eukaryotes

The Molecular Revolution: Biotechnology and Beyond

Genes, Development, and Evolution

Evolution by Natural Selection

Evolutionary Processes

Speciation

Phylogenies and the History of Life

Bacteria and Archaea

Protists

Green Algae and Land Plants

Fungi

An Introduction to Animals

Protostome Animals

Deuterostome Animals

Viruses

Plant Form and Function

Water and Sugar Transport in Plants

Plant Nutrition

Plant Sensory Systems, Signals, and Responses

Animal Form and Function

Water and Electrolyte Balance in Animals

Animal Nutrition

Gas Exchange and Circulation

Animal Nervous Systems

Animal Sensory Systems

Animal Movement

Chemical Signals in Animals

Animal Reproduction and Development

The Immune System in Animals

An Introduction to Ecology

Behavioral Ecology

Population Ecology

Community Ecology

Biodiversity and Conservation Biology

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