Exam 17: Transcription, Rna Processing, and Translation

Put the following events of bacterial transcription in chronological order. 1) Sigma binds to the promoter region. 2) The double helix of DNA is unwound, breaking hydrogen bonds between complementary strands. 3) Sigma binds to RNA polymerase. 4) Sigma is released. 5) Transcription begins.

Which molecule or reaction supplies the energy for polymerization of nucleotides in the process of transcription?

What is the function of the group of amino acids on the RNA polymerase, called the rudder?

As scientists were unraveling the mysteries associated with transcription and translation in eukaryotes, they discovered there was not a one-to-one correspondence between the nucleotide sequence of a gene and the base sequence of the mRNA it codes for. They proposed the genes-in-pieces hypothesis. How can the genes-in-pieces hypothesis be explained?

Eukaryotes have three nuclear RNA polymerases. The primary function of RNA polymerase II is transcription of ________.

Codons are three-base sequences that specify the addition of a single amino acid. How do eukaryotic codons and prokaryotic codons compare?

A ribozyme is ________.

During elongation, RNA polymerase has three prominent channels, or grooves. These channels provide sites for all of the following EXCEPT ________.

What is responsible for termination of transcription in eukaryotic protein-coding genes?

In eukaryotic cells, transcription cannot begin until ________.

Once a peptide bond has been formed between the amino acid attached to the tRNA in the P site and the amino acid associated with the tRNA in the A site, what occurs next?

You want to engineer a eukaryotic gene into a bacterial colony and have it expressed. What must be included in addition to the coding exons of the gene?

What type of bonding is responsible for maintaining the shape of the tRNA molecule shown in the figure above?

Refer to the figure associated with this question. The mRNA is smaller than the length of the DNA that codes for it because ________.

How are RNA hairpin turns related to transcriptional termination in E. coli?

The ribosome-binding site of prokaryotes is also known as the ________.

The enzyme complex associated with DNA in the associated figure is ________.

Use this model of a eukaryotic transcript to answer the following question(s). -Which components of the previous molecule will also be found in mRNA in the cytosol?

David Pribnow studied the base sequences of promoters in bacteria and bacterial viruses. He found two conserved regions in these promoters (the −10 box and the −35 box). These two regions of the promoter ________.

Which of the following, if missing, would usually prevent translation from starting in eukaryotes?