Question 1

Which of the following does not involve active transport across membranes?

Accepted Answer

A)  the movement of mineral nutrients from the apoplast to the symplast 
B)  the movement of mineral nutrients from mesophyll cells into xylem cells 
C)  the movement of sugar from one sieve-tube element to the next 
D)  the movement of K+ across guard cell membranes during stomatal opening 
E)  the movement of mineral nutrients into cells of the root cortex 
A)  the movement of mineral nutrients from the apoplast to the symplast 
B)  the movement of mineral nutrients from mesophyll cells into xylem cells 
C)  the movement of sugar from one sieve-tube element to the next 
D)  the movement of K+ across guard cell membranes during stomatal opening 
E)  the movement of mineral nutrients into cells of the root cortex

Question 2

Which of the following statements is false concerning the xylem?

Accepted Answer

A)  Xylem tracheids and vessels fulfill their vital function only after their death. 
B)  The cell walls of the tracheids are greatly strengthened with lignin and cellulose fibrils forming thickened rings or spirals. 
C)  Water molecules are transpired from the cells of the leaves, and replaced by water molecules in the xylem pulled up from the roots due to the cohesion of water molecules. 
D)  Movement of materials is by mass flow; solutes in xylem sap move due to a positive turgor pressure gradient from source to sink. 
E)  In the morning, sap in the xylem begins to move first in the twigs of the upper portion of the tree, and later in the lower trunk. 
A)  Xylem tracheids and vessels fulfill their vital function only after their death. 
B)  The cell walls of the tracheids are greatly strengthened with lignin and cellulose fibrils forming thickened rings or spirals. 
C)  Water molecules are transpired from the cells of the leaves, and replaced by water molecules in the xylem pulled up from the roots due to the cohesion of water molecules. 
D)  Movement of materials is by mass flow; solutes in xylem sap move due to a positive turgor pressure gradient from source to sink. 
E)  In the morning, sap in the xylem begins to move first in the twigs of the upper portion of the tree, and later in the lower trunk.

Question 3

Nitrogen fixation is a process that

Accepted Answer

A)  recycles nitrogen compounds from dead and decaying materials. 
B)  converts ammonia to ammonium. 
C)  releases nitrate from the rock substrate. 
D)  converts nitrogen gas into ammonia. 
E)  recycles nitrogen compounds from dead and decaying materials, and converts ammonia to ammonium. 
A)  recycles nitrogen compounds from dead and decaying materials. 
B)  converts ammonia to ammonium. 
C)  releases nitrate from the rock substrate. 
D)  converts nitrogen gas into ammonia. 
E)  recycles nitrogen compounds from dead and decaying materials, and converts ammonia to ammonium.

Question 4

Active transport of various materials in plants at the cellular level requires all of the following except

Accepted Answer

A)  a proton gradient. 
B)  ATP. 
C)  a membrane potential. 
D)  transport proteins 
E)  xylem membranes. 
A)  a proton gradient. 
B)  ATP. 
C)  a membrane potential. 
D)  transport proteins 
E)  xylem membranes.

Question 5

The water lost during transpiration is a side effect of the plant's exchange of gases. However, the plant derives some benefit from this water loss in the form of

Accepted Answer

A)  evaporative cooling. 
B)  mineral transport. 
C)  increased turgor. 
D)  increased growth. 
E)  evaporative cooling and mineral transport. 
A)  evaporative cooling. 
B)  mineral transport. 
C)  increased turgor. 
D)  increased growth. 
E)  evaporative cooling and mineral transport.

Question 6

A plant cell with a ΨS of -0.65 MPa maintains a constant volume when bathed in a solution that has a ΨS of -0.30 MPa and is in an open container. The cell has a

Accepted Answer

A)  ΨP of +0.65 MPa. 
B)  Ψ of -0.65 MPa. 
C)  ΨP of +0.35 MPa. 
D)  ΨP of +0.30 MPa. 
E)  Ψ of 0 MPa. 
A)  ΨP of +0.65 MPa. 
B)  Ψ of -0.65 MPa. 
C)  ΨP of +0.35 MPa. 
D)  ΨP of +0.30 MPa. 
E)  Ψ of 0 MPa.

Question 7

In hydroponic culture, what is the purpose of bubbling air into the solute?

Accepted Answer

A)  to keep dissolved nutrients evenly distributed 
B)  to provide oxygen to the root cells 
C)  to inhibit the growth of aerobic algae 
D)  to inhibit the growth of anaerobic bacteria 
E)  to provide CO2 for photosynthesis 
A)  to keep dissolved nutrients evenly distributed 
B)  to provide oxygen to the root cells 
C)  to inhibit the growth of aerobic algae 
D)  to inhibit the growth of anaerobic bacteria 
E)  to provide CO2 for photosynthesis

Question 8

In which plant cell or tissue would the pressure component of water potential most often be negative?

Accepted Answer

A)  leaf mesophyll cell 
B)  stem xylem 
C)  stem phloem 
D)  root cortex cell 
E)  root epidermis 
A)  leaf mesophyll cell 
B)  stem xylem 
C)  stem phloem 
D)  root cortex cell 
E)  root epidermis

Question 9

Which two elements make up more than 90% of the dry weight of plants?

Accepted Answer

A)  carbon and nitrogen 
B)  oxygen and hydrogen 
C)  nitrogen and oxygen 
D)  oxygen and carbon 
E)  carbon and potassium 
A)  carbon and nitrogen 
B)  oxygen and hydrogen 
C)  nitrogen and oxygen 
D)  oxygen and carbon 
E)  carbon and potassium

Question 10

Which of the following would be least likely to affect osmosis in plants?

Accepted Answer

A)  proton pumps in the membrane 
B)  a difference in solute concentrations 
C)  receptor proteins in the membrane 
D)  aquaporins 
E)  a difference in water potential 
A)  proton pumps in the membrane 
B)  a difference in solute concentrations 
C)  receptor proteins in the membrane 
D)  aquaporins 
E)  a difference in water potential

Question 11

A mineral deficiency is likely to affect older leaves more than younger leaves if

Accepted Answer

A)  the mineral is a micronutrient. 
B)  the mineral is very mobile within the plant. 
C)  the mineral is required for chlorophyll synthesis. 
D)  the mineral is a macronutrient. 
E)  the older leaves are in direct sunlight. 
A)  the mineral is a micronutrient. 
B)  the mineral is very mobile within the plant. 
C)  the mineral is required for chlorophyll synthesis. 
D)  the mineral is a macronutrient. 
E)  the older leaves are in direct sunlight.

Question 12

Which of the following is not a function of rhizobacteria?

Accepted Answer

A)  produce hormones that stimulate plant growth 
B)  produce antibiotics that protect roots from disease 
C)  absorb toxic metals 
D)  carry out nitrogen fixation 
E)  supply growing roots with glucose 
A)  produce hormones that stimulate plant growth 
B)  produce antibiotics that protect roots from disease 
C)  absorb toxic metals 
D)  carry out nitrogen fixation 
E)  supply growing roots with glucose

Question 13

The ancestors of land plants were aquatic algae. Which of the following is not an evolutionary adaptation to life on land?

Accepted Answer

A)  C3 photosynthesis 
B)  a waxy cuticle 
C)  root hairs 
D)  xylem and phloem 
E)  guard cells 
A)  C3 photosynthesis 
B)  a waxy cuticle 
C)  root hairs 
D)  xylem and phloem 
E)  guard cells

Question 14

All of the following have an effect on water potential (Ψ) in plants except

Accepted Answer

A)  physical pressure. 
B)  water-attracting matrices. 
C)  dissolved solutes. 
D)  osmosis. 
E)  DNA structure. 
A)  physical pressure. 
B)  water-attracting matrices. 
C)  dissolved solutes. 
D)  osmosis. 
E)  DNA structure.

Question 15

If you wanted to increase the cation exchange and water retention capacity of loamy soil, what should you do?

Accepted Answer

A)  Adjust the soil pH to 7.9. 
B)  Add clay to the soil. 
C)  Practice no-till agriculture. 
D)  Add fertilizer containing potassium, calcium, and magnesium to the soil. 
E)  Increase the number of sand particles in the soil. 
A)  Adjust the soil pH to 7.9. 
B)  Add clay to the soil. 
C)  Practice no-till agriculture. 
D)  Add fertilizer containing potassium, calcium, and magnesium to the soil. 
E)  Increase the number of sand particles in the soil.

Question 16

Which of the following is not true of micronutrients in plants?

Accepted Answer

A)  They are elements required in relatively small amounts. 
B)  They are required for a plant to grow from a seed and complete its life cycle. 
C)  They generally help in catalytic functions in the plant. 
D)  They are the essential elements of small size and molecular weight. 
E)  Deficiencies vary widely by soil type. 
A)  They are elements required in relatively small amounts. 
B)  They are required for a plant to grow from a seed and complete its life cycle. 
C)  They generally help in catalytic functions in the plant. 
D)  They are the essential elements of small size and molecular weight. 
E)  Deficiencies vary widely by soil type.

Question 17

Compared with a cell with few aquaporin proteins in its membrane, a cell containing many aquaporin proteins will

Accepted Answer

A)  have a faster rate of osmosis. 
B)  have a lower water potential. 
C)  have a higher water potential. 
D)  have a faster rate of active transport. 
E)  accumulate water by active transport. 
A)  have a faster rate of osmosis. 
B)  have a lower water potential. 
C)  have a higher water potential. 
D)  have a faster rate of active transport. 
E)  accumulate water by active transport.

Question 18

Phloem transport of sucrose is often described as going from source to sink. Which of the following would not normally function as a sink?

Accepted Answer

A)  growing leaf 
B)  growing root 
C)  storage organ in summer 
D)  mature leaf 
E)  shoot tip 
A)  growing leaf 
B)  growing root 
C)  storage organ in summer 
D)  mature leaf 
E)  shoot tip

Question 19

Which structure or compartment is part of the symplast?

Accepted Answer

A)  the interior of a vessel element 
B)  the interior of a sieve tube 
C)  the cell wall of a mesophyll cell 
D)  an extracellular air space 
E)  the cell wall of a root hair 
A)  the interior of a vessel element 
B)  the interior of a sieve tube 
C)  the cell wall of a mesophyll cell 
D)  an extracellular air space 
E)  the cell wall of a root hair

Question 20

Reddish-purple coloring of leaves, especially along the margins of young leaves, is a typical symptom of deficiency of which element?

Accepted Answer

A)  C 
B)  Mg2+ 
C)  N 
D)  P 
E)  K+ 
A)  C 
B)  Mg2+ 
C)  N 
D)  P 
E)  K+

Exam 29: Resource Acquisition, Nutrition, and Transport in Vascular Plants

Which of the following does not involve active transport across membranes?

Which of the following statements is false concerning the xylem?

Nitrogen fixation is a process that

Active transport of various materials in plants at the cellular level requires all of the following except

The water lost during transpiration is a side effect of the plant's exchange of gases. However, the plant derives some benefit from this water loss in the form of

A plant cell with a ΨS of -0.65 MPa maintains a constant volume when bathed in a solution that has a ΨS of -0.30 MPa and is in an open container. The cell has a

In hydroponic culture, what is the purpose of bubbling air into the solute?

In which plant cell or tissue would the pressure component of water potential most often be negative?

Which two elements make up more than 90% of the dry weight of plants?

Which of the following would be least likely to affect osmosis in plants?

A mineral deficiency is likely to affect older leaves more than younger leaves if

Which of the following is not a function of rhizobacteria?

The ancestors of land plants were aquatic algae. Which of the following is not an evolutionary adaptation to life on land?

All of the following have an effect on water potential (Ψ) in plants except

If you wanted to increase the cation exchange and water retention capacity of loamy soil, what should you do?

Which of the following is not true of micronutrients in plants?

Compared with a cell with few aquaporin proteins in its membrane, a cell containing many aquaporin proteins will

Phloem transport of sucrose is often described as going from source to sink. Which of the following would not normally function as a sink?

Which structure or compartment is part of the symplast?

Reddish-purple coloring of leaves, especially along the margins of young leaves, is a typical symptom of deficiency of which element?

Introduction: Evolution and the Foundations of Biology

The Chemical Context of Life

Carbon and the Molecular Diversity of Life

A Tour of the Cell

Membrane Transport and Cell Signaling

An Introduction to Metabolism

Cellular Respiration and Fermentation

Photosynthesis

The Cell Cycle

Meiosis and Sexual Life Cycles

Mendel and the Gene Idea

The Chromosomal Basis of Inheritance

The Molecular Basis of Inheritance

Gene Expression: From Gene to Protein

Regulation of Gene Expression

Development, Stem Cells, and Cancer

Viruses

Genomes and Their Evolution

Descent With Modification

Phylogeny

The Evolution of Populations

The Origin of Species

Broad Patterns of Evolution

Early Life and the Diversification of Prokaryotes

The Origin and Diversification of Eukaryotes

The Colonization of Land by Plants and Fungi

The Rise of Animal Diversity

Plant Structure and Growth

Reproduction and Domestication of Flowering Plants

Plant Responses to Internal and External Signals

Homeostasis and Endocrine Signaling

Animal Nutrition

Circulation and Gas Exchange

The Immune System

Reproduction and Development

Neurons, Synapses, and Signaling

Nervous and Sensory Systems

Motor Mechanisms and Behavior

Population Ecology and the Distribution of Organisms

Species Interactions

Ecosystems and Energy

Global Ecology and Conservation Biology

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