Question 1

If an African violet has chlorosis, which of the following elements might be a useful addition to the soil?

Accepted Answer

A)  chlorine 
B)  molybdenum 
C)  copper 
D)  iodine 
E)  magnesium 
A)  chlorine 
B)  molybdenum 
C)  copper 
D)  iodine 
E)  magnesium

Question 2

Which of the following is of least concern to a researcher in a mineral nutrition experiment?

Accepted Answer

A)  purity of the chemicals used to make the nutrient solutions 
B)  purity of the water used to make the nutrient solutions 
C)  chemical inertness of the container used to make and store the nutrient solutions 
D)  ability of a laboratory balance to weigh very small quantities of chemicals 
E)  medium in which the test seedlings were grown 
A)  purity of the chemicals used to make the nutrient solutions 
B)  purity of the water used to make the nutrient solutions 
C)  chemical inertness of the container used to make and store the nutrient solutions 
D)  ability of a laboratory balance to weigh very small quantities of chemicals 
E)  medium in which the test seedlings were grown

Question 3

Which of the following statements is false about bulk flow?

Accepted Answer

A)  It is driven primarily by pressure potential. 
B)  It is more effective than diffusion over distances greater than 100 μm. 
C)  It depends on a difference in pressure potential at the source and sink. 
D)  It depends on the force of gravity on a column of water. 
E)  It may be the result of either positive or negative pressure potential. 
A)  It is driven primarily by pressure potential. 
B)  It is more effective than diffusion over distances greater than 100 μm. 
C)  It depends on a difference in pressure potential at the source and sink. 
D)  It depends on the force of gravity on a column of water. 
E)  It may be the result of either positive or negative pressure potential.

Question 4

Which structure or compartment is not part of the plant's apoplast?

Accepted Answer

A)  the lumen of a xylem vessel 
B)  the lumen of a sieve tube 
C)  the cell wall of a mesophyll cell 
D)  the cell wall of a transfer cell 
E)  the cell wall of a root hair 
A)  the lumen of a xylem vessel 
B)  the lumen of a sieve tube 
C)  the cell wall of a mesophyll cell 
D)  the cell wall of a transfer cell 
E)  the cell wall of a root hair

Question 5

Most of the dry weight of a plant is derived from

Accepted Answer

A)  NO3- and CO2. 
B)  K+ and CO2. 
C)  PO43- and K+. 
D)  H2O and K+. 
E)  H2O and CO2. 
A)  NO3- and CO2. 
B)  K+ and CO2. 
C)  PO43- and K+. 
D)  H2O and K+. 
E)  H2O and CO2.

Question 6

Which of the following experimental procedures would most likely reduce transpiration while allowing the normal growth of a plant?

Accepted Answer

A)  subjecting the leaves of the plant to a partial vacuum 
B)  increasing the level of carbon dioxide around the plant 
C)  putting the plant in drier soil 
D)  decreasing the relative humidity around the plant 
E)  injecting potassium ions into the guard cells of the plant 
A)  subjecting the leaves of the plant to a partial vacuum 
B)  increasing the level of carbon dioxide around the plant 
C)  putting the plant in drier soil 
D)  decreasing the relative humidity around the plant 
E)  injecting potassium ions into the guard cells of the plant

Question 7

If a plant is infected with nitrogen-fixing bacteria, what is the most probable effect on the plant?

Accepted Answer

A)  It gets chlorosis. 
B)  It dies. 
C)  It will have a higher concentration of N2 in its roots and shoots. 
D)  It will likely grow faster than an uninfected plant. 
E)  It becomes flaccid due to the loss of water and nutrients from the roots. 
A)  It gets chlorosis. 
B)  It dies. 
C)  It will have a higher concentration of N2 in its roots and shoots. 
D)  It will likely grow faster than an uninfected plant. 
E)  It becomes flaccid due to the loss of water and nutrients from the roots.

Question 8

If ΨP = 0.3 MPa and ΨS = -0.45 MPa, the resulting Ψ is

Accepted Answer

A)  +0.75 MPa. 
B)  -0.75 MPa. 
C)  -0.15 MPa. 
D)  +0.15 MPa. 
E)  -0.42 MPa. 
A)  +0.75 MPa. 
B)  -0.75 MPa. 
C)  -0.15 MPa. 
D)  +0.15 MPa. 
E)  -0.42 MPa.

Question 9

A water molecule could move all the way through a plant from soil to root to leaf to air and pass through a living cell only once. This living cell would be a part of which structure?

Accepted Answer

A)  the Casparian strip 
B)  a guard cell 
C)  the root epidermis 
D)  the endodermis 
E)  the root cortex 
A)  the Casparian strip 
B)  a guard cell 
C)  the root epidermis 
D)  the endodermis 
E)  the root cortex

Question 10

A greenhouse experiment to test growth rates in tomato cultivars was conducted using sterile soil mix and watering with sterile solutions of water and fertilizer. Following germination, half of the plants in each group were transplanted into soil that was obtained from a nearby agricultural field (nonsterile), and the other half into sterile soil. After several weeks the plants that were transplanted into nonsterile soil exhibited a much higher growth rate compared to the plants transplanted into sterile soil. The most likely explanation for this result is

Accepted Answer

A)  the plants transplanted into the nonsterile soil were inoculated with mycorrhizae. 
B)  the plants transplanted into the nonsterile soil received more fertilizer. 
C)  the plants transplanted into the sterile soil were stunted due to overfertilization. 
D)  the plants transplanted into sterile soil suffered anoxia from improper water drainage. 
A)  the plants transplanted into the nonsterile soil were inoculated with mycorrhizae. 
B)  the plants transplanted into the nonsterile soil received more fertilizer. 
C)  the plants transplanted into the sterile soil were stunted due to overfertilization. 
D)  the plants transplanted into sterile soil suffered anoxia from improper water drainage.

Question 11

Which of the following is not an important component of the long-distance transport process in plants?

Accepted Answer

A)  the cohesion of water molecules 
B)  a negative water potential 
C)  the root parenchyma 
D)  the active transport of solutes 
E)  bulk flow from source to sink 
A)  the cohesion of water molecules 
B)  a negative water potential 
C)  the root parenchyma 
D)  the active transport of solutes 
E)  bulk flow from source to sink

Question 12

The earliest vascular plants on land had underground stems (rhizomes) but no roots. Water and mineral nutrients were most likely obtained by

Accepted Answer

A)  absorption by hairs and trichomes. 
B)  diffusion through stomata. 
C)  absorption by mycorrhizae. 
D)  osmosis through the root hairs. 
E)  diffusion across the cuticle of the rhizome. 
A)  absorption by hairs and trichomes. 
B)  diffusion through stomata. 
C)  absorption by mycorrhizae. 
D)  osmosis through the root hairs. 
E)  diffusion across the cuticle of the rhizome.

Question 13

If you were to prune the shoot tips of a plant, what would be the effect on the plant and the leaf area index?

Accepted Answer

A)  bushier plants; lower leaf area index 
B)  tall plants; lower leaf area index 
C)  tall plants; higher leaf area index 
D)  short plants; lower leaf area index 
E)  bushier plants; higher leaf area indexes 
A)  bushier plants; lower leaf area index 
B)  tall plants; lower leaf area index 
C)  tall plants; higher leaf area index 
D)  short plants; lower leaf area index 
E)  bushier plants; higher leaf area indexes

Question 14

Why does overwatering a plant kill it?

Accepted Answer

A)  Water does not have all the necessary minerals a plant needs to grow. 
B)  Water neutralizes the pH of the soil. 
C)  The roots are deprived of oxygen. 
D)  Water supports the growth of root parasites. 
E)  Water lowers the water potential of the roots. 
A)  Water does not have all the necessary minerals a plant needs to grow. 
B)  Water neutralizes the pH of the soil. 
C)  The roots are deprived of oxygen. 
D)  Water supports the growth of root parasites. 
E)  Water lowers the water potential of the roots.

Question 15

A fellow student brought in a leaf to be examined. The leaf was dark green, thin, had stoma on the lower surface only, and had a total surface area of 10 square meters. Where is the most likely environment where this leaf was growing?

Accepted Answer

A)  a dry, sandy region 
B)  a large, still pond 
C)  a tropical rain forest 
D)  an oasis within a grassland 
E)  the floor of a deciduous forest 
A)  a dry, sandy region 
B)  a large, still pond 
C)  a tropical rain forest 
D)  an oasis within a grassland 
E)  the floor of a deciduous forest

Question 16

Several properties are characteristic of a soil in which typical plants would grow well. Of the following, which would be the least conducive to plant growth?

Accepted Answer

A)  abundant humus 
B)  numerous soil organisms 
C)  compacted soil 
D)  high porosity 
E)  high cation exchange capacity 
A)  abundant humus 
B)  numerous soil organisms 
C)  compacted soil 
D)  high porosity 
E)  high cation exchange capacity

Question 17

Which cells in a root form a protective barrier to the vascular system where all materials must move through the symplast?

Accepted Answer

A)  pericycle 
B)  cortex 
C)  epidermis 
D)  endodermis 
E)  exodermis 
A)  pericycle 
B)  cortex 
C)  epidermis 
D)  endodermis 
E)  exodermis

Question 18

The movement of water across biological membranes can best be predicted by

Accepted Answer

A)  negative charges in the cell wall. 
B)  prevailing weather conditions. 
C)  aquaporins. 
D)  level of active transport. 
E)  water potentials. 
A)  negative charges in the cell wall. 
B)  prevailing weather conditions. 
C)  aquaporins. 
D)  level of active transport. 
E)  water potentials.

Question 19

In west Texas, cotton has become an important crop in the last several decades. However, in this hot, dry part of the country there is little rainfall, so farmers irrigate their cotton fields. They must also regularly fertilize the cotton fields because the soil is very sandy. Figure 29.1 shows the record of annual productivity (measured in kilograms of cotton per hectare of land) since 1960 in a west Texas cotton field. Use these data to answer the following questions.
   Figure 29.1
-If you were the county agriculture agent, what would be the best advice you could give the farmer who owns the field under study in Figure 29.1?

Accepted Answer

A)  Plant a variety of cotton that requires less water and can tolerate salinity. 
B)  Continue to fertilize, but stop irrigating the field and rely on rainfall. 
C)  Continue to irrigate, but stop fertilizing the field and rely on organic nutrients in the soil. 
D)  Continue to fertilize and irrigate, but add the nitrogen-fixing bacteria Rhizobium to the irrigation water until the productivity increases. 
E)  Add acid to the soil and increase its cation exchange capabilities so more nutrients are retained in the soil. 
A)  Plant a variety of cotton that requires less water and can tolerate salinity. 
B)  Continue to fertilize, but stop irrigating the field and rely on rainfall. 
C)  Continue to irrigate, but stop fertilizing the field and rely on organic nutrients in the soil. 
D)  Continue to fertilize and irrigate, but add the nitrogen-fixing bacteria Rhizobium to the irrigation water until the productivity increases. 
E)  Add acid to the soil and increase its cation exchange capabilities so more nutrients are retained in the soil.

Question 20

What is a major function of magnesium in plants?

Accepted Answer

A)  to be a component of lignin-biosynthetic enzymes 
B)  to be a component of DNA and RNA 
C)  to be a component of chlorophyll 
D)  to be active in amino acid formation 
E)  to be required to regenerate phosphoenolpyruvate in C4 and CAM plants 
A)  to be a component of lignin-biosynthetic enzymes 
B)  to be a component of DNA and RNA 
C)  to be a component of chlorophyll 
D)  to be active in amino acid formation 
E)  to be required to regenerate phosphoenolpyruvate in C4 and CAM plants

Exam 29: Resource Acquisition, Nutrition, and Transport in Vascular Plants

If an African violet has chlorosis, which of the following elements might be a useful addition to the soil?

Which of the following is of least concern to a researcher in a mineral nutrition experiment?

Which of the following statements is false about bulk flow?

Which structure or compartment is not part of the plant's apoplast?

Most of the dry weight of a plant is derived from

Which of the following experimental procedures would most likely reduce transpiration while allowing the normal growth of a plant?

If a plant is infected with nitrogen-fixing bacteria, what is the most probable effect on the plant?

If ΨP = 0.3 MPa and ΨS = -0.45 MPa, the resulting Ψ is

A water molecule could move all the way through a plant from soil to root to leaf to air and pass through a living cell only once. This living cell would be a part of which structure?

Which of the following is not an important component of the long-distance transport process in plants?

The earliest vascular plants on land had underground stems (rhizomes) but no roots. Water and mineral nutrients were most likely obtained by

If you were to prune the shoot tips of a plant, what would be the effect on the plant and the leaf area index?

Why does overwatering a plant kill it?

A fellow student brought in a leaf to be examined. The leaf was dark green, thin, had stoma on the lower surface only, and had a total surface area of 10 square meters. Where is the most likely environment where this leaf was growing?

Several properties are characteristic of a soil in which typical plants would grow well. Of the following, which would be the least conducive to plant growth?

Which cells in a root form a protective barrier to the vascular system where all materials must move through the symplast?

The movement of water across biological membranes can best be predicted by

What is a major function of magnesium in plants?

Introduction: Evolution and the Foundations of Biology

The Chemical Context of Life

Carbon and the Molecular Diversity of Life

A Tour of the Cell

Membrane Transport and Cell Signaling

An Introduction to Metabolism

Cellular Respiration and Fermentation

Photosynthesis

The Cell Cycle

Meiosis and Sexual Life Cycles

Mendel and the Gene Idea

The Chromosomal Basis of Inheritance

The Molecular Basis of Inheritance

Gene Expression: From Gene to Protein

Regulation of Gene Expression

Development, Stem Cells, and Cancer

Viruses

Genomes and Their Evolution

Descent With Modification

Phylogeny

The Evolution of Populations

The Origin of Species

Broad Patterns of Evolution

Early Life and the Diversification of Prokaryotes

The Origin and Diversification of Eukaryotes

The Colonization of Land by Plants and Fungi

The Rise of Animal Diversity

Plant Structure and Growth

Reproduction and Domestication of Flowering Plants

Plant Responses to Internal and External Signals

Homeostasis and Endocrine Signaling

Animal Nutrition

Circulation and Gas Exchange

The Immune System

Reproduction and Development

Neurons, Synapses, and Signaling

Nervous and Sensory Systems

Motor Mechanisms and Behavior

Population Ecology and the Distribution of Organisms

Species Interactions

Ecosystems and Energy

Global Ecology and Conservation Biology

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