Question 1

All of the following normally enter the plant through the roots except

Accepted Answer

A)  carbon dioxide. 
B)  nitrogen. 
C)  potassium. 
D)  water. 
E)  calcium. 
A)  carbon dioxide. 
B)  nitrogen. 
C)  potassium. 
D)  water. 
E)  calcium.

Question 2

What is the driving force for the movement of solutes in the phloem of plants?

Accepted Answer

A)  gravity 
B)  a difference in water potential (Ψ) between the source and the sink 
C)  root pressure 
D)  transpiration of water through the stomata 
E)  adhesion of water to phloem sieve tubes 
A)  gravity 
B)  a difference in water potential (Ψ) between the source and the sink 
C)  root pressure 
D)  transpiration of water through the stomata 
E)  adhesion of water to phloem sieve tubes

Question 3

Water potential is generally most negative in which of the following parts of a plant?

Accepted Answer

A)  mesophyll cells of the leaf 
B)  xylem vessels in leaves 
C)  xylem vessels in roots 
D)  cells of the root cortex 
E)  root hairs 
A)  mesophyll cells of the leaf 
B)  xylem vessels in leaves 
C)  xylem vessels in roots 
D)  cells of the root cortex 
E)  root hairs

Question 4

Which of the following, if used as a fertilizer, would be most immediately available for plant uptake?

Accepted Answer

A)  NH3 
B)  N2 
C)  CN2H2 
D)  NO3 
E)  amino acids 
A)  NH3 
B)  N2 
C)  CN2H2 
D)  NO3 
E)  amino acids

Question 5

Ten tomato plants are germinated and maintained in a large tray with no drainage. After several weeks they all begin to wilt and die despite repeated watering and fertilization. The most likely cause of this die-off is

Accepted Answer

A)  competition for resources. 
B)  anoxia. 
C)  organic nutrient depletion. 
D)  no room left for root growth. 
E)  buildup of toxic substances in the tray. 
A)  competition for resources. 
B)  anoxia. 
C)  organic nutrient depletion. 
D)  no room left for root growth. 
E)  buildup of toxic substances in the tray.

Question 6

The most efficient way to increase essential amino acids in crop plants for human consumption would be to

Accepted Answer

A)  breed for higher yield of deficient amino acids. 
B)  increase the amount of fertilizer used on fields. 
C)  use 20-20-20 fertilizer instead of 20-5-5 fertilizer. 
D)  engineer nitrogen-fixing nodules into crop plants lacking them. 
E)  increase irrigation of nitrogen-fixing crops. 
A)  breed for higher yield of deficient amino acids. 
B)  increase the amount of fertilizer used on fields. 
C)  use 20-20-20 fertilizer instead of 20-5-5 fertilizer. 
D)  engineer nitrogen-fixing nodules into crop plants lacking them. 
E)  increase irrigation of nitrogen-fixing crops.

Question 7

The following factors may sometimes play a role in the movement of sap through xylem. Which one depends on the direct expenditure of ATP by the plant?

Accepted Answer

A)  capillarity of water within the xylem 
B)  evaporation of water from leaves 
C)  cohesion among water molecules 
D)  concentration of ions in the symplast 
E)  bulk flow of water in the root apoplast 
A)  capillarity of water within the xylem 
B)  evaporation of water from leaves 
C)  cohesion among water molecules 
D)  concentration of ions in the symplast 
E)  bulk flow of water in the root apoplast

Question 8

What are epiphytes?

Accepted Answer

A)  aerial vines common in tropical regions 
B)  haustoria used for anchoring to host plants and obtaining xylem sap 
C)  plants that live in poor soil and digest insects to obtain nitrogen 
D)  plants that grow on other plants but do not obtain nutrients from their hosts 
E)  plants that have a symbiotic relationship with fungi 
A)  aerial vines common in tropical regions 
B)  haustoria used for anchoring to host plants and obtaining xylem sap 
C)  plants that live in poor soil and digest insects to obtain nitrogen 
D)  plants that grow on other plants but do not obtain nutrients from their hosts 
E)  plants that have a symbiotic relationship with fungi

Question 9

Which of the following statements about transport in plants is false?

Accepted Answer

A)  Weak bonding between water molecules and the walls of xylem vessels or tracheids helps support the columns of water in the xylem. 
B)  Hydrogen bonding between water molecules, which results in the high cohesion of the water, is essential for the rise of water in tall trees. 
C)  Although some angiosperm plants develop considerable root pressure, this is not sufficient to raise water to the tops of tall trees. 
D)  Most plant physiologists now agree that the pull from the top of the plant resulting from transpiration is sufficient, when combined with the cohesion of water, to explain the rise of water in the xylem in even the tallest trees. 
E)  Gymnosperms can sometimes develop especially high root pressure, which may account for the rise of water in tall pine trees without transpiration pull. 
A)  Weak bonding between water molecules and the walls of xylem vessels or tracheids helps support the columns of water in the xylem. 
B)  Hydrogen bonding between water molecules, which results in the high cohesion of the water, is essential for the rise of water in tall trees. 
C)  Although some angiosperm plants develop considerable root pressure, this is not sufficient to raise water to the tops of tall trees. 
D)  Most plant physiologists now agree that the pull from the top of the plant resulting from transpiration is sufficient, when combined with the cohesion of water, to explain the rise of water in the xylem in even the tallest trees. 
E)  Gymnosperms can sometimes develop especially high root pressure, which may account for the rise of water in tall pine trees without transpiration pull.

Question 10

Plasmodesmata can change in number, and when dilated can provide a passageway for

Accepted Answer

A)  macromolecules such as RNA and proteins. 
B)  ribosomes. 
C)  chloroplasts. 
D)  mitochondria. 
E)  cytoskeletal components. 
A)  macromolecules such as RNA and proteins. 
B)  ribosomes. 
C)  chloroplasts. 
D)  mitochondria. 
E)  cytoskeletal components.

Question 11

All of the following contributed to the dust bowl in the American southwest during the 1930s except

Accepted Answer

A)  overgrazing by cattle. 
B)  clear-cutting of forest trees. 
C)  plowing of native grasses. 
D)  planting of field crops. 
E)  lack of soil moisture. 
A)  overgrazing by cattle. 
B)  clear-cutting of forest trees. 
C)  plowing of native grasses. 
D)  planting of field crops. 
E)  lack of soil moisture.

Question 12

Which of the following plant structures shares the most common features and functions with a fungal hyphae?

Accepted Answer

A)  stomata 
B)  vascular cambium 
C)  lenticels 
D)  root hairs 
E)  prop roots 
A)  stomata 
B)  vascular cambium 
C)  lenticels 
D)  root hairs 
E)  prop roots

Question 13

For this pair of items, choose the option that best describes their relationship. (a) The average size of particles that constitute silt
(b) The average size of particles that constitute clay

Accepted Answer

A)  Item (a) is larger than item (b). 
B)  Item (a) is smaller than item (b). 
C)  Item (a) is exactly or very approximately equal to item (b). 
D)  Item (a) bears no relationship to item (b). 
A)  Item (a) is larger than item (b). 
B)  Item (a) is smaller than item (b). 
C)  Item (a) is exactly or very approximately equal to item (b). 
D)  Item (a) bears no relationship to item (b).

Question 14

Which of the following elements is incorrectly paired with its function in a plant?

Accepted Answer

A)  nitrogen-component of nucleic acids, proteins, hormones, coenzymes 
B)  magnesium-component of chlorophyll; activates many enzymes 
C)  phosphorus-component of nucleic acids, phospholipids, ATP, several coenzymes 
D)  potassium-cofactor functional in protein synthesis, osmosis, operation of stomata 
E)  sulfur-component of DNA; activates some enzymes 
A)  nitrogen-component of nucleic acids, proteins, hormones, coenzymes 
B)  magnesium-component of chlorophyll; activates many enzymes 
C)  phosphorus-component of nucleic acids, phospholipids, ATP, several coenzymes 
D)  potassium-cofactor functional in protein synthesis, osmosis, operation of stomata 
E)  sulfur-component of DNA; activates some enzymes

Question 15

Which one of the following statements about transport of nutrients in phloem is false?

Accepted Answer

A)  Solute particles can be actively transported into phloem at the source. 
B)  Companion cells control the rate and direction of movement of phloem sap. 
C)  Differences in osmotic concentration at the source and sink cause a hydrostatic pressure gradient to be formed. 
D)  A sink is that part of the plant where a particular solute is consumed or stored. 
E)  A sink may be located anywhere in the plant. 
A)  Solute particles can be actively transported into phloem at the source. 
B)  Companion cells control the rate and direction of movement of phloem sap. 
C)  Differences in osmotic concentration at the source and sink cause a hydrostatic pressure gradient to be formed. 
D)  A sink is that part of the plant where a particular solute is consumed or stored. 
E)  A sink may be located anywhere in the plant.

Question 16

A rootless, green plant is found growing on the branches and trunks of rain forest trees, but lacks any apparent adaptation for collecting rainwater. This plant is most likely

Accepted Answer

A)  an epiphyte. 
B)  a nitrogen-fixing plant. 
C)  a carnivorous plant. 
D)  a symbiotic plant. 
E)  a parasite. 
A)  an epiphyte. 
B)  a nitrogen-fixing plant. 
C)  a carnivorous plant. 
D)  a symbiotic plant. 
E)  a parasite.

Question 17

According to the pressure flow hypothesis of phloem transport,

Accepted Answer

A)  solute moves from a high concentration in the source to a lower concentration in the sink. 
B)  water is actively transported into the source region of the phloem to create the turgor pressure needed. 
C)  the combination of a high turgor pressure in the source and transpiration water loss from the sink moves solutes through phloem conduits. 
D)  the formation of starch from sugar in the sink increases the osmotic concentration. 
E)  the pressure in the phloem of a root is normally greater than the pressure in the phloem of a leaf. 
A)  solute moves from a high concentration in the source to a lower concentration in the sink. 
B)  water is actively transported into the source region of the phloem to create the turgor pressure needed. 
C)  the combination of a high turgor pressure in the source and transpiration water loss from the sink moves solutes through phloem conduits. 
D)  the formation of starch from sugar in the sink increases the osmotic concentration. 
E)  the pressure in the phloem of a root is normally greater than the pressure in the phloem of a leaf.

Question 18

Several tomato plants are growing in a small garden plot. If soil water potential were to drop significantly on a hot summer afternoon, which of the following would most likely occur?

Accepted Answer

A)  Stomatal apertures would decrease. 
B)  Transpiration would increase. 
C)  The leaves would become more turgid. 
D)  The uptake of CO2 would be enhanced. 
E)  The proton gradient would dissipate. 
A)  Stomatal apertures would decrease. 
B)  Transpiration would increase. 
C)  The leaves would become more turgid. 
D)  The uptake of CO2 would be enhanced. 
E)  The proton gradient would dissipate.

Question 19

You are weeding your garden when you accidentally expose some roots of your pea plants. You notice swellings (root nodules) on the roots and there is a reddish tinge to the ones you accidentally damaged. Most likely your peas plants

Accepted Answer

A)  suffer from a mineral deficiency. 
B)  are infected with a parasite. 
C)  are benefiting from a mutualistic bacterium. 
D)  are developing offshoots from the root. 
E)  contain developing insect pupa. 
A)  suffer from a mineral deficiency. 
B)  are infected with a parasite. 
C)  are benefiting from a mutualistic bacterium. 
D)  are developing offshoots from the root. 
E)  contain developing insect pupa.

Question 20

Which of the following has the lowest (most negative) water potential?

Accepted Answer

A)  root cortical cells 
B)  root xylem 
C)  trunk xylem 
D)  leaf cell walls 
E)  leaf air spaces 
A)  root cortical cells 
B)  root xylem 
C)  trunk xylem 
D)  leaf cell walls 
E)  leaf air spaces

Exam 29: Resource Acquisition, Nutrition, and Transport in Vascular Plants

All of the following normally enter the plant through the roots except

What is the driving force for the movement of solutes in the phloem of plants?

Water potential is generally most negative in which of the following parts of a plant?

Which of the following, if used as a fertilizer, would be most immediately available for plant uptake?

Ten tomato plants are germinated and maintained in a large tray with no drainage. After several weeks they all begin to wilt and die despite repeated watering and fertilization. The most likely cause of this die-off is

The most efficient way to increase essential amino acids in crop plants for human consumption would be to

The following factors may sometimes play a role in the movement of sap through xylem. Which one depends on the direct expenditure of ATP by the plant?

What are epiphytes?

Which of the following statements about transport in plants is false?

Plasmodesmata can change in number, and when dilated can provide a passageway for

All of the following contributed to the dust bowl in the American southwest during the 1930s except

Which of the following plant structures shares the most common features and functions with a fungal hyphae?

For this pair of items, choose the option that best describes their relationship. (a) The average size of particles that constitute silt (b) The average size of particles that constitute clay

Which of the following elements is incorrectly paired with its function in a plant?

Which one of the following statements about transport of nutrients in phloem is false?

A rootless, green plant is found growing on the branches and trunks of rain forest trees, but lacks any apparent adaptation for collecting rainwater. This plant is most likely

According to the pressure flow hypothesis of phloem transport,

Several tomato plants are growing in a small garden plot. If soil water potential were to drop significantly on a hot summer afternoon, which of the following would most likely occur?

You are weeding your garden when you accidentally expose some roots of your pea plants. You notice swellings (root nodules) on the roots and there is a reddish tinge to the ones you accidentally damaged. Most likely your peas plants

Which of the following has the lowest (most negative) water potential?

Introduction: Evolution and the Foundations of Biology

The Chemical Context of Life

Carbon and the Molecular Diversity of Life

A Tour of the Cell

Membrane Transport and Cell Signaling

An Introduction to Metabolism

Cellular Respiration and Fermentation

Photosynthesis

The Cell Cycle

Meiosis and Sexual Life Cycles

Mendel and the Gene Idea

The Chromosomal Basis of Inheritance

The Molecular Basis of Inheritance

Gene Expression: From Gene to Protein

Regulation of Gene Expression

Development, Stem Cells, and Cancer

Viruses

Genomes and Their Evolution

Descent With Modification

Phylogeny

The Evolution of Populations

The Origin of Species

Broad Patterns of Evolution

Early Life and the Diversification of Prokaryotes

The Origin and Diversification of Eukaryotes

The Colonization of Land by Plants and Fungi

The Rise of Animal Diversity

Plant Structure and Growth

Reproduction and Domestication of Flowering Plants

Plant Responses to Internal and External Signals

Homeostasis and Endocrine Signaling

Animal Nutrition

Circulation and Gas Exchange

The Immune System

Reproduction and Development

Neurons, Synapses, and Signaling

Nervous and Sensory Systems

Motor Mechanisms and Behavior

Population Ecology and the Distribution of Organisms

Species Interactions

Ecosystems and Energy

Global Ecology and Conservation Biology

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