Question 1

One is most likely to see guttation in small plants when the

Accepted Answer

A)  transpiration rates are high. 
B)  root pressure exceeds transpiration pull. 
C)  preceding evening was hot, windy, and dry. 
D)  water potential in the stele of the root is high. 
E)  roots are not absorbing minerals from the soil. 
A)  transpiration rates are high. 
B)  root pressure exceeds transpiration pull. 
C)  preceding evening was hot, windy, and dry. 
D)  water potential in the stele of the root is high. 
E)  roots are not absorbing minerals from the soil.

Question 2

Water rises in plants primarily by cohesion-tension. Which of the following is not true about the cohesion-tension model?

Accepted Answer

A)  Water loss (transpiration) is the driving force for water movement. 
B)  The "tension" of this model represents the excitability of the xylem cells. 
C)  Cohesion represents the tendency for water molecules to stick together by hydrogen bonds. 
D)  The physical forces in the capillary-sized xylem cells make it easier to overcome gravity. 
E)  The water potential of the air is more negative than the xylem. 
A)  Water loss (transpiration) is the driving force for water movement. 
B)  The "tension" of this model represents the excitability of the xylem cells. 
C)  Cohesion represents the tendency for water molecules to stick together by hydrogen bonds. 
D)  The physical forces in the capillary-sized xylem cells make it easier to overcome gravity. 
E)  The water potential of the air is more negative than the xylem.

Question 3

The NPK percentages on a package of fertilizer refer to the

Accepted Answer

A)  total protein content of the three major ingredients of the fertilizer. 
B)  percentages of manure collected from different types of animals. 
C)  relative percentages of organic and inorganic nutrients in the fertilizer. 
D)  percentages of three important mineral nutrients. 
E)  proportions of three different nitrogen sources. 
A)  total protein content of the three major ingredients of the fertilizer. 
B)  percentages of manure collected from different types of animals. 
C)  relative percentages of organic and inorganic nutrients in the fertilizer. 
D)  percentages of three important mineral nutrients. 
E)  proportions of three different nitrogen sources.

Question 4

Which of the following is not a function of the plasma membrane proton pump?

Accepted Answer

A)  hydrolyzes ATP 
B)  produces a proton gradient 
C)  generates a membrane potential 
D)  equalizes the charge on each side of a membrane 
E)  stores potential energy on one side of a membrane 
A)  hydrolyzes ATP 
B)  produces a proton gradient 
C)  generates a membrane potential 
D)  equalizes the charge on each side of a membrane 
E)  stores potential energy on one side of a membrane

Question 5

The value for Ψ in root tissue was found to be -0.15 MPa. If you take the root tissue and place it in a 0.1 M solution of sucrose (Ψ = -0.23 MPa), the net water flow would

Accepted Answer

A)  be from the tissue into the sucrose solution. 
B)  be from the sucrose solution into the tissue. 
C)  be in both directions and the concentrations would remain equal. 
D)  occur only as ATP was hydrolyzed in the tissue. 
E)  be impossible to determine from the values given here. 
A)  be from the tissue into the sucrose solution. 
B)  be from the sucrose solution into the tissue. 
C)  be in both directions and the concentrations would remain equal. 
D)  occur only as ATP was hydrolyzed in the tissue. 
E)  be impossible to determine from the values given here.

Question 6

Arrange the following five events in an order that explains the mass flow of materials in the phloem. 1. Water diffuses into the sieve tubes.
2) Leaf cells produce sugar by photosynthesis.
3) Solutes are actively transported into sieve tubes.
4) Sugar is transported from cell to cell in the leaf.
5) Sugar moves down the stem.

Accepted Answer

A)  2, 1, 4, 3, 5 
B)  1, 2, 3, 4, 5 
C)  2, 4, 3, 1, 5 
D)  4, 2, 1, 3, 5 
E)  2, 4, 1, 3, 5 
A)  2, 1, 4, 3, 5 
B)  1, 2, 3, 4, 5 
C)  2, 4, 3, 1, 5 
D)  4, 2, 1, 3, 5 
E)  2, 4, 1, 3, 5

Question 7

Water flows into the source end of a sieve tube because

Accepted Answer

A)  sucrose has diffused into the sieve tube, making it hypotonic. 
B)  sucrose has been actively transported into the sieve tube, making it hypertonic. 
C)  water pressure outside the sieve tube forces in water. 
D)  the companion cell of a sieve tube actively pumps in water. 
E)  sucrose has been transported out of the sieve tube by active transport. 
A)  sucrose has diffused into the sieve tube, making it hypotonic. 
B)  sucrose has been actively transported into the sieve tube, making it hypertonic. 
C)  water pressure outside the sieve tube forces in water. 
D)  the companion cell of a sieve tube actively pumps in water. 
E)  sucrose has been transported out of the sieve tube by active transport.

Question 8

Hyphae form a covering over roots. These hyphae create a large surface area that helps to do which of the following?

Accepted Answer

A)  aid in absorbing minerals and ions 
B)  maintain cell shape 
C)  increase cellular respiration 
D)  anchor a plant 
E)  protect the roots from ultraviolet light 
A)  aid in absorbing minerals and ions 
B)  maintain cell shape 
C)  increase cellular respiration 
D)  anchor a plant 
E)  protect the roots from ultraviolet light

Question 9

The bulk of a plant's dry weight is derived from

Accepted Answer

A)  soil minerals. 
B)  CO2. 
C)  the hydrogen from H2O. 
D)  the oxygen from H2O. 
E)  the uptake of organic nutrients from the soil. 
A)  soil minerals. 
B)  CO2. 
C)  the hydrogen from H2O. 
D)  the oxygen from H2O. 
E)  the uptake of organic nutrients from the soil.

Question 10

All of the following are adaptations that help reduce water loss from a plant except

Accepted Answer

A)  transpiration. 
B)  sunken stomata. 
C)  photosynthesis. 
D)  small, thick leaves. 
E)  crassulacean acid metabolism. 
A)  transpiration. 
B)  sunken stomata. 
C)  photosynthesis. 
D)  small, thick leaves. 
E)  crassulacean acid metabolism.

Question 11

Which of the following would likely not contribute to the surface area available for water absorption from the soil by a plant root system?

Accepted Answer

A)  root hairs 
B)  endodermis 
C)  mycorrhizae 
D)  fungi associated with the roots 
E)  fibrous arrangement of the roots 
A)  root hairs 
B)  endodermis 
C)  mycorrhizae 
D)  fungi associated with the roots 
E)  fibrous arrangement of the roots

Question 12

The opening of stomata is thought to involve

Accepted Answer

A)  an increase in the solute concentration of the guard cells. 
B)  a decrease in the solute concentration of the stoma. 
C)  active transport of water out of the guard cells. 
D)  decreased turgor pressure in the guard cells. 
E)  movement of K+ from the guard cells. 
A)  an increase in the solute concentration of the guard cells. 
B)  a decrease in the solute concentration of the stoma. 
C)  active transport of water out of the guard cells. 
D)  decreased turgor pressure in the guard cells. 
E)  movement of K+ from the guard cells.

Question 13

One would expect to find the highest density of aquaporins in which of the following?

Accepted Answer

A)  the plasma membrane of guard cells 
B)  the pits of a tracheid 
C)  the plasma membrane of parenchyma cells in a ripe fruit 
D)  the plasma membrane of a mature mesophyll cell in a leaf 
E)  the membrane lining plasmodesmata 
A)  the plasma membrane of guard cells 
B)  the pits of a tracheid 
C)  the plasma membrane of parenchyma cells in a ripe fruit 
D)  the plasma membrane of a mature mesophyll cell in a leaf 
E)  the membrane lining plasmodesmata

Question 14

Ignoring all other factors, what kind of day would result in the fastest delivery of water and minerals to the leaves of a tree?

Accepted Answer

A)  cool, dry day 
B)  warm, dry day 
C)  warm, humid day 
D)  cool, humid day 
E)  very hot, dry, windy day 
A)  cool, dry day 
B)  warm, dry day 
C)  warm, humid day 
D)  cool, humid day 
E)  very hot, dry, windy day

Question 15

What is the main force by which most of the water within xylem vessels moves toward the top of a tree?

Accepted Answer

A)  active transport of ions into the stele 
B)  atmospheric pressure on roots 
C)  evaporation of water through stoma 
D)  the force of root pressure 
E)  osmosis in the root 
A)  active transport of ions into the stele 
B)  atmospheric pressure on roots 
C)  evaporation of water through stoma 
D)  the force of root pressure 
E)  osmosis in the root

Question 16

Which of the following soil minerals is most likely leached away during a hard rain?

Accepted Answer

A)  Na+ 
B)  K+ 
C)  Ca2+ 
D)  NO3- 
E)  H+ 
A)  Na+ 
B)  K+ 
C)  Ca2+ 
D)  NO3- 
E)  H+

Question 17

Phloem transport is described as being from source to sink. Which of the following would most accurately complete this statement about phloem transport as applied to most plants in the late spring? Phloem transports ________ from the ________ source to the ________ sink.

Accepted Answer

A)  amino acids; root; mycorrhizae 
B)  sugars; leaf; apical meristem 
C)  nucleic acids; flower; root 
D)  proteins; root; leaf 
E)  sugars; stem; root 
A)  amino acids; root; mycorrhizae 
B)  sugars; leaf; apical meristem 
C)  nucleic acids; flower; root 
D)  proteins; root; leaf 
E)  sugars; stem; root

Question 18

In west Texas, cotton has become an important crop in the last several decades. However, in this hot, dry part of the country there is little rainfall, so farmers irrigate their cotton fields. They must also regularly fertilize the cotton fields because the soil is very sandy. Figure 29.1 shows the record of annual productivity (measured in kilograms of cotton per hectare of land) since 1960 in a west Texas cotton field. Use these data to answer the following questions.
   Figure 29.1
-Based on the information provided in Figure 29.1, what is the most likely cause of the decline in productivity?

Accepted Answer

A)  The farmer used the wrong kind of fertilizer. 
B)  The cotton is developing a resistance to the fertilizer and to irrigation water. 
C)  Water has accumulated in the soil due to irrigation. 
D)  The soil water potential has become more negative due to salination. 
E)  The rate of photosynthesis has declined due to irrigation. 
A)  The farmer used the wrong kind of fertilizer. 
B)  The cotton is developing a resistance to the fertilizer and to irrigation water. 
C)  Water has accumulated in the soil due to irrigation. 
D)  The soil water potential has become more negative due to salination. 
E)  The rate of photosynthesis has declined due to irrigation.

Question 19

In what way do nitrogen compounds differ from other minerals needed by plants?

Accepted Answer

A)  Only nitrogen can be lost from the soil. 
B)  Only nitrogen requires the action of bacteria to be made available to plants. 
C)  Only nitrogen is needed for protein synthesis. 
D)  Only nitrogen is held by cation exchange capacity in the soil. 
E)  Only nitrogen can be absorbed by root hairs. 
A)  Only nitrogen can be lost from the soil. 
B)  Only nitrogen requires the action of bacteria to be made available to plants. 
C)  Only nitrogen is needed for protein synthesis. 
D)  Only nitrogen is held by cation exchange capacity in the soil. 
E)  Only nitrogen can be absorbed by root hairs.

Question 20

Why is nitrogen fixation an essential process?

Accepted Answer

A)  Nitrogen fixation can only be done by certain prokaryotes. 
B)  Fixed nitrogen is often the limiting factor in plant growth. 
C)  Nitrogen fixation is very expensive in terms of metabolic energy. 
D)  Nitrogen fixers are sometimes symbiotic with legumes. 
E)  Nitrogen-fixing capacity can be genetically engineered. 
A)  Nitrogen fixation can only be done by certain prokaryotes. 
B)  Fixed nitrogen is often the limiting factor in plant growth. 
C)  Nitrogen fixation is very expensive in terms of metabolic energy. 
D)  Nitrogen fixers are sometimes symbiotic with legumes. 
E)  Nitrogen-fixing capacity can be genetically engineered.

Exam 29: Resource Acquisition, Nutrition, and Transport in Vascular Plants

One is most likely to see guttation in small plants when the

Water rises in plants primarily by cohesion-tension. Which of the following is not true about the cohesion-tension model?

The NPK percentages on a package of fertilizer refer to the

Which of the following is not a function of the plasma membrane proton pump?

The value for Ψ in root tissue was found to be -0.15 MPa. If you take the root tissue and place it in a 0.1 M solution of sucrose (Ψ = -0.23 MPa), the net water flow would

Water flows into the source end of a sieve tube because

Hyphae form a covering over roots. These hyphae create a large surface area that helps to do which of the following?

The bulk of a plant's dry weight is derived from

All of the following are adaptations that help reduce water loss from a plant except

Which of the following would likely not contribute to the surface area available for water absorption from the soil by a plant root system?

The opening of stomata is thought to involve

One would expect to find the highest density of aquaporins in which of the following?

Ignoring all other factors, what kind of day would result in the fastest delivery of water and minerals to the leaves of a tree?

What is the main force by which most of the water within xylem vessels moves toward the top of a tree?

Which of the following soil minerals is most likely leached away during a hard rain?

Phloem transport is described as being from source to sink. Which of the following would most accurately complete this statement about phloem transport as applied to most plants in the late spring? Phloem transports ________ from the ________ source to the ________ sink.

In what way do nitrogen compounds differ from other minerals needed by plants?

Why is nitrogen fixation an essential process?

Introduction: Evolution and the Foundations of Biology

The Chemical Context of Life

Carbon and the Molecular Diversity of Life

A Tour of the Cell

Membrane Transport and Cell Signaling

An Introduction to Metabolism

Cellular Respiration and Fermentation

Photosynthesis

The Cell Cycle

Meiosis and Sexual Life Cycles

Mendel and the Gene Idea

The Chromosomal Basis of Inheritance

The Molecular Basis of Inheritance

Gene Expression: From Gene to Protein

Regulation of Gene Expression

Development, Stem Cells, and Cancer

Viruses

Genomes and Their Evolution

Descent With Modification

Phylogeny

The Evolution of Populations

The Origin of Species

Broad Patterns of Evolution

Early Life and the Diversification of Prokaryotes

The Origin and Diversification of Eukaryotes

The Colonization of Land by Plants and Fungi

The Rise of Animal Diversity

Plant Structure and Growth

Reproduction and Domestication of Flowering Plants

Plant Responses to Internal and External Signals

Homeostasis and Endocrine Signaling

Animal Nutrition

Circulation and Gas Exchange

The Immune System

Reproduction and Development

Neurons, Synapses, and Signaling

Nervous and Sensory Systems

Motor Mechanisms and Behavior

Population Ecology and the Distribution of Organisms

Species Interactions

Ecosystems and Energy

Global Ecology and Conservation Biology

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Phloem transport is described as being from source to sink. Which of the following would most accurately complete this statement about phloem transport as applied to most plants in the late spring? Phloem transports from the source to the sink.