Question 1

School uniforms are designed to _____ the learning environment and have been shown to increase academic performance.

Accepted Answer

A)  confuse 
B)  frustrate 
C)  standardize 
D)  humanize 
A)  confuse 
B)  frustrate 
C)  standardize 
D)  humanize

Question 2

How can a researcher minimize the likelihood of social desirability bias in participants' self-report responses?

Accepted Answer

A)  provide adequate compensation for participation 
B)  design the study in accord with the ethical principle of justice 
C)  ensure confidentiality 
D)  have participants sign their name to each page of the questionnaire 
A)  provide adequate compensation for participation 
B)  design the study in accord with the ethical principle of justice 
C)  ensure confidentiality 
D)  have participants sign their name to each page of the questionnaire

Question 3

Which of the following is most true?

Accepted Answer

A)  Self-report data are more accurate than behavioral data. 
B)  Behavioral data are more accurate than self-report data. 
C)  Measurements are not perfect regardless of whether they are self-report or behavioral. 
D)  Informant data are more accurate than self-report or behavioral data. 
A)  Self-report data are more accurate than behavioral data. 
B)  Behavioral data are more accurate than self-report data. 
C)  Measurements are not perfect regardless of whether they are self-report or behavioral. 
D)  Informant data are more accurate than self-report or behavioral data.

Question 4

Which of the following is NOT an experimental design?

Accepted Answer

A)  survey research 
B)  two-group research design 
C)  repeated-measures 
D)  mixed designs 
A)  survey research 
B)  two-group research design 
C)  repeated-measures 
D)  mixed designs

Question 5

A sampling plan is:

Accepted Answer

A)  a loose approximation of how experimenters will recruit participants from the sample. 
B)  an explicit strategy used for recruiting participants from the sample. 
C)  an explicit strategy used for recruiting participants from the population. 
D)  a loose approximation of how experimenters will recruit participants from the population. 
A)  a loose approximation of how experimenters will recruit participants from the sample. 
B)  an explicit strategy used for recruiting participants from the sample. 
C)  an explicit strategy used for recruiting participants from the population. 
D)  a loose approximation of how experimenters will recruit participants from the population.

Question 6

Self-report is to behavioral as:

Accepted Answer

A)  reaction time is to focus groups. 
B)  informant is to archives. 
C)  questionnaires are to reaction time. 
D)  archives are to questionnaires. 
A)  reaction time is to focus groups. 
B)  informant is to archives. 
C)  questionnaires are to reaction time. 
D)  archives are to questionnaires.

Question 7

_____ is when researchers select participants who are readily available and easily accessible.

Accepted Answer

A)  Simple random sampling 
B)  Cluster random sampling 
C)  Biased sampling 
D)  Convenience sampling 
A)  Simple random sampling 
B)  Cluster random sampling 
C)  Biased sampling 
D)  Convenience sampling

Question 8

Advantages of self-report measures include all of the following,EXCEPT:

Accepted Answer

A)  they are inexpensive. 
B)  they are easy to administer. 
C)  they are relatively fast to complete. 
D)  they accurately predict behavior. 
A)  they are inexpensive. 
B)  they are easy to administer. 
C)  they are relatively fast to complete. 
D)  they accurately predict behavior.

Question 9

Given their unique vantage point,the observer in a research study is often the:

Accepted Answer

A)  participant. 
B)  IRB. 
C)  experimenter. 
D)  confederate. 
A)  participant. 
B)  IRB. 
C)  experimenter. 
D)  confederate.

Question 10

Angelique sets her bathroom scale to read five pounds lighter than it should.She thinks that this will bolster her self-confidence and mood.Which type of error is she making?

Accepted Answer

A)  random error 
B)  bias 
C)  social desirability error 
D)  demand characteristics 
A)  random error 
B)  bias 
C)  social desirability error 
D)  demand characteristics

Question 11

The ceiling effect is when most participants to select the _____ response,and the floor effect is when most participants to select the _____ response.

Accepted Answer

A)  lowest;lowest 
B)  lowest;highest 
C)  highest;lowest 
D)  highest;highest 
A)  lowest;lowest 
B)  lowest;highest 
C)  highest;lowest 
D)  highest;highest

Question 12

What is social desirability bias?

Accepted Answer

A)  the tendency for participants to give responses that are politically incorrect 
B)  the tendency for participants to give responses that are socially acceptable 
C)  the tendency for participants to give responses that are unique 
D)  the tendency for participants to give responses that are arousing 
A)  the tendency for participants to give responses that are politically incorrect 
B)  the tendency for participants to give responses that are socially acceptable 
C)  the tendency for participants to give responses that are unique 
D)  the tendency for participants to give responses that are arousing

Question 13

Random error is:

Accepted Answer

A)  systematic. 
B)  organized. 
C)  unpredictable. 
D)  focused. 
A)  systematic. 
B)  organized. 
C)  unpredictable. 
D)  focused.

Question 14

APA-style reports begin with a:

Accepted Answer

A)  method section. 
B)  discussion. 
C)  reference page. 
D)  title page. 
A)  method section. 
B)  discussion. 
C)  reference page. 
D)  title page.

Question 15

Ollie drafted a script for his study,which should ____ in his study.

Accepted Answer

A)  maximize the amount of observer error 
B)  minimize the amount of observer error 
C)  maximize the amount of bias 
D)  minimize the amount of bias 
A)  maximize the amount of observer error 
B)  minimize the amount of observer error 
C)  maximize the amount of bias 
D)  minimize the amount of bias

Question 16

The "refer a friend" model of sampling is known as:

Accepted Answer

A)  quota sampling. 
B)  convenience sampling. 
C)  stratified random sampling. 
D)  snowball sampling. 
A)  quota sampling. 
B)  convenience sampling. 
C)  stratified random sampling. 
D)  snowball sampling.

Question 17

Observer bias is:

Accepted Answer

A)  the misinterpretation of an observation based on the participants' beliefs,experiences,or expectations. 
B)  the misinterpretation of an observation based on the researcher's beliefs,experiences,or expectations. 
C)  unpredictable influences that impact the true score. 
D)  an outside influence that affect the true score in a consistent way. 
A)  the misinterpretation of an observation based on the participants' beliefs,experiences,or expectations. 
B)  the misinterpretation of an observation based on the researcher's beliefs,experiences,or expectations. 
C)  unpredictable influences that impact the true score. 
D)  an outside influence that affect the true score in a consistent way.

Question 18

Upon conclusion of his study,Wilkinson asks participants how much they enjoyed participating.Most participants were aware that Wilkinson wanted them to say that they enjoyed the study a great deal.This best demonstrates the influence of:

Accepted Answer

A)  demand characteristics. 
B)  social desirability bias. 
C)  retrospective bias. 
D)  scorer bias. 
A)  demand characteristics. 
B)  social desirability bias. 
C)  retrospective bias. 
D)  scorer bias.

Question 19

The goal of a psychological measure is to:

Accepted Answer

A)  minimize error so that the raw score is similar to the true score. 
B)  minimize error so that the raw score is distinct from the true score. 
C)  maximize error so that the raw score is similar to the true score. 
D)  maximize error so that the raw score is distinct from the true score. 
A)  minimize error so that the raw score is similar to the true score. 
B)  minimize error so that the raw score is distinct from the true score. 
C)  maximize error so that the raw score is similar to the true score. 
D)  maximize error so that the raw score is distinct from the true score.

Question 20

Which of the following people would be a WEIRD participant?

Accepted Answer

A)  an individual from a hunter gatherer community in Africa 
B)  a man who has not attended college 
C)  a woman from Pakistan 
D)  a Canadian college student 
A)  an individual from a hunter gatherer community in Africa 
B)  a man who has not attended college 
C)  a woman from Pakistan 
D)  a Canadian college student

Exam 4: B: The Psychologists Toolbox: Tools for Building Better Designs

School uniforms are designed to _____ the learning environment and have been shown to increase academic performance.

How can a researcher minimize the likelihood of social desirability bias in participants' self-report responses?

Which of the following is most true?

Which of the following is NOT an experimental design?

A sampling plan is:

Self-report is to behavioral as:

_____ is when researchers select participants who are readily available and easily accessible.

Advantages of self-report measures include all of the following,EXCEPT:

Given their unique vantage point,the observer in a research study is often the:

Angelique sets her bathroom scale to read five pounds lighter than it should.She thinks that this will bolster her self-confidence and mood.Which type of error is she making?

The ceiling effect is when most participants to select the _____ response,and the floor effect is when most participants to select the _____ response.

What is social desirability bias?

Random error is:

APA-style reports begin with a:

Ollie drafted a script for his study,which should ____ in his study.

The "refer a friend" model of sampling is known as:

Observer bias is:

Upon conclusion of his study,Wilkinson asks participants how much they enjoyed participating.Most participants were aware that Wilkinson wanted them to say that they enjoyed the study a great deal.This best demonstrates the influence of:

The goal of a psychological measure is to:

Which of the following people would be a WEIRD participant?

A: Psychology As Science: Thinking Like a Researcher

B: Psychology As Science: Thinking Like a Researcher

C: Psychology As Science: Thinking Like a Researcher

D: Psychology As Science: Thinking Like a Researcher

Psychology As Science: Part 1

Psychology As Science: Part 2

A: The Research Process: Ideas to Innovations

B: The Research Process: Ideas to Innovations

C: The Research Process: Ideas to Innovations

D: The Research Process: Ideas to Innovations

The Research Process: Part 1

The Research Process: Part 2

A: Ethics: Making Ethical Decisions in Research

B: Ethics: Making Ethical Decisions in Research

C: Ethics: Making Ethical Decisions in Research

D: Ethics: Making Ethical Decisions in Research

Ethics: Part 1

Ethics: Part 2

A: The Psychologists Toolbox: Tools for Building Better Designs

C: The Psychologists Toolbox: Tools for Building Better Designs

D: The Psychologists Toolbox: Tools for Building Better Designs

The Psychologists: Part 1

The Psychologists: Part 2

A: Qualitative Research: Getting Into the Mind of a Serial Killer

B: Qualitative Research: Getting Into the Mind of a Serial Killer

C: Qualitative Research: Getting Into the Mind of a Serial Killer

D: Qualitative Research: Getting Into the Mind of a Serial Killer

Qualitative Research: Part 1

Qualitative Research: Part 2

A: Observational Research: The Many Forms of Discipline in Parents Bag of Tricks

B: Observational Research: The Many Forms of Discipline in Parents Bag of Tricks

C: Observational Research: The Many Forms of Discipline in Parents Bag of Tricks

D: Observational Research: The Many Forms of Discipline in Parents Bag of Tricks

Observational Research: Part 1

Observational Research: Part 2

A: Survey Design and Scale Construction: Is Going Greek a Great Idea

B: Survey Design and Scale Construction: Is Going Greek a Great Idea

C: Survey Design and Scale Construction: Is Going Greek a Great Idea

D: Survey Design and Scale Construction: Is Going Greek a Great Idea

Survey Design and Scale Construction: Part 1

Survey Design and Scale Construction: Part 2

A: Two-Group Design: Texting: I Cant Get You Out of My Mind

B: Two-Group Design: Texting: I Cant Get You Out of My Mind

C: Two-Group Design: Texting: I Cant Get You Out of My Mind

D: Two-Group Design: Texting: I Cant Get You Out of My Mind

Two-Group Design: Part 1

Two-Group Design: Part 2

A: Multi-Group Design: Im Feeling Hot, but Is the Earth Hot, Too

B: Multi-Group Design: Im Feeling Hot, but Is the Earth Hot, Too

C: Multi-Group Design: Im Feeling Hot, but Is the Earth Hot, Too

D: Multi-Group Design: Im Feeling Hot, but Is the Earth Hot, Too

Multi-Group Design: Part 1

Multi-Group Design: Part 2

A: Within-Subjects Designs: Can Watching Reality Tv Shows Be Good for Us

B: Within-Subjects Designs: Can Watching Reality Tv Shows Be Good for Us

C: Within-Subjects Designs: Can Watching Reality Tv Shows Be Good for Us

D: Within-Subjects Designs: Can Watching Reality Tv Shows Be Good for Us

Within-Subjects Designs: Part 1

Within-Subjects Designs: Part 2

The ceiling effect is when most participants to select the _ response,and the floor effect is when most participants to select the _ response.