Question 1

The _____ misdirection in the cover story,the _____ naturally participants respond to the variables under investigation.

Accepted Answer

A)  less;less 
B)  less;more 
C)  more;more 
D)  more;less 
A)  less;less 
B)  less;more 
C)  more;more 
D)  more;less

Question 2

A nonexperimental research design can answer all of the following questions,EXCEPT:

Accepted Answer

A)  what takes place. 
B)  who is affected. 
C)  how much effect something has. 
D)  why something takes place. 
A)  what takes place. 
B)  who is affected. 
C)  how much effect something has. 
D)  why something takes place.

Question 3

Which of the following represents a societal example of systematic error?

Accepted Answer

A)  the national debt 
B)  the elevated divorce rate 
C)  the unpredictable nature of hurricanes 
D)  bias SAT scores against minorities 
A)  the national debt 
B)  the elevated divorce rate 
C)  the unpredictable nature of hurricanes 
D)  bias SAT scores against minorities

Question 4

What is retrospective bias?

Accepted Answer

A)  when participants interpret past events in overly optimistic ways 
B)  when participants interpret past events in inaccurate ways 
C)  when participants interpret past events in overly negative ways 
D)  when participants interpret past events in highly accurate ways 
A)  when participants interpret past events in overly optimistic ways 
B)  when participants interpret past events in inaccurate ways 
C)  when participants interpret past events in overly negative ways 
D)  when participants interpret past events in highly accurate ways

Question 5

Dr.Tomero asks his graduate students to code his interview tapes for the appearance of micro-expressions.If one of his graduate students believes that she sees disgust,while another rates the same micro-expression as sadness,what type of error should Dr.Tomero be concerned with?

Accepted Answer

A)  random error 
B)  social desirability error 
C)  observer bias 
D)  demand characteristics 
A)  random error 
B)  social desirability error 
C)  observer bias 
D)  demand characteristics

Question 6

Nonresponse bias is an issue,because studies show that people who volunteer generally _____ than non-volunteers.

Accepted Answer

A)  have less education 
B)  are of lower socioeconomic status 
C)  are higher in the need for social approval 
D)  have higher emotional intelligence 
A)  have less education 
B)  are of lower socioeconomic status 
C)  are higher in the need for social approval 
D)  have higher emotional intelligence

Question 7

Behavioral observation is to real time as:

Accepted Answer

A)  self-report is to the past. 
B)  behavioral trace is to the past. 
C)  behavioral trace is to the future. 
D)  self-report is to the future. 
A)  self-report is to the past. 
B)  behavioral trace is to the past. 
C)  behavioral trace is to the future. 
D)  self-report is to the future.

Question 8

Alec is designing a self-report measure to assess participants' feelings toward salary caps on professional athletes.Which of the following would be the appropriate number of response items for each measure to ensure sensitivity and flexibility,as well as meaningful distinctions?

Accepted Answer

A)  1 
B)  2 
C)  7 
D)  15 
A)  1 
B)  2 
C)  7 
D)  15

Question 9

The _____ occurs when the upper boundary of a measurement tool is set too low,leading most participants to select the highest response.

Accepted Answer

A)  ceiling effect 
B)  floor effect 
C)  elevator effect 
D)  door effect 
A)  ceiling effect 
B)  floor effect 
C)  elevator effect 
D)  door effect

Question 10

Which of the following is NOT a quasi-independent variable?

Accepted Answer

A)  gender 
B)  amount of sleep 
C)  ethnicity 
D)  intelligence 
A)  gender 
B)  amount of sleep 
C)  ethnicity 
D)  intelligence

Question 11

Researchers have _____ chance of eliminating bias as compared to random error.

Accepted Answer

A)  a greater 
B)  a worse 
C)  the same 
D)  no 
A)  a greater 
B)  a worse 
C)  the same 
D)  no

Question 12

A behavioral measure is:

Accepted Answer

A)  a measure of participants' feelings during a research study. 
B)  an accounting of a participant's motivation given by a close other. 
C)  a measure of participants' actions in a research design. 
D)  what participants think they will do in a hypothetical situation. 
A)  a measure of participants' feelings during a research study. 
B)  an accounting of a participant's motivation given by a close other. 
C)  a measure of participants' actions in a research design. 
D)  what participants think they will do in a hypothetical situation.

Question 13

Generally speaking,the ____ response options a scale has the _____ sensitivity that measure is.

Accepted Answer

A)  fewer;less 
B)  fewer;more 
C)  more;less 
D)  more;more 
A)  fewer;less 
B)  fewer;more 
C)  more;less 
D)  more;more

Question 14

A primary advantage of self-report measures over behavioral measures is:

Accepted Answer

A)  that they are more tedious to administer. 
B)  the ability to accurately predict actions. 
C)  the ability to get firsthand information from the source. 
D)  the need to consider social desirability bias. 
A)  that they are more tedious to administer. 
B)  the ability to accurately predict actions. 
C)  the ability to get firsthand information from the source. 
D)  the need to consider social desirability bias.

Question 15

Which of the following is a quasi-independent variable?

Accepted Answer

A)  medication dosage 
B)  sleep deprivation 
C)  stress level 
D)  gender 
A)  medication dosage 
B)  sleep deprivation 
C)  stress level 
D)  gender

Question 16

Bias is:

Accepted Answer

A)  an extraneous influence that causes the raw score to deviate from the true score in unpredictable ways. 
B)  error that consistently pushes scores in a given direction. 
C)  the extent to which a measure will produce the same results each time it is used. 
D)  the extent to which a research method measures what it is intended to measure. 
A)  an extraneous influence that causes the raw score to deviate from the true score in unpredictable ways. 
B)  error that consistently pushes scores in a given direction. 
C)  the extent to which a measure will produce the same results each time it is used. 
D)  the extent to which a research method measures what it is intended to measure.

Question 17

The type of behavioral measure that involves measuring heart rate and sweat response is called:

Accepted Answer

A)  behavioral trace. 
B)  diary study. 
C)  physiological measure. 
D)  reaction time measure. 
A)  behavioral trace. 
B)  diary study. 
C)  physiological measure. 
D)  reaction time measure.

Question 18

Nonresponse bias is:

Accepted Answer

A)  when participants choose responses that are socially acceptable. 
B)  an outside influence that affects the true score in consistent ways. 
C)  a potential systematic difference between those who refuse to participate and those who choose to participate. 
D)  when participants are aware of the research question and change their response as a result. 
A)  when participants choose responses that are socially acceptable. 
B)  an outside influence that affects the true score in consistent ways. 
C)  a potential systematic difference between those who refuse to participate and those who choose to participate. 
D)  when participants are aware of the research question and change their response as a result.

Question 19

Data obtained from self-report and behavioral measures often:

Accepted Answer

A)  complement each other and increase confidence in conclusions. 
B)  compete with each other. 
C)  yield the same results. 
D)  cannot be compared,because they measure fundamentally different things. 
A)  complement each other and increase confidence in conclusions. 
B)  compete with each other. 
C)  yield the same results. 
D)  cannot be compared,because they measure fundamentally different things.

Question 20

The most common form of probability sampling is:

Accepted Answer

A)  simple random sampling. 
B)  convenience sampling. 
C)  stratified random sampling. 
D)  cluster random sampling. 
A)  simple random sampling. 
B)  convenience sampling. 
C)  stratified random sampling. 
D)  cluster random sampling.

Exam 4: B: The Psychologists Toolbox: Tools for Building Better Designs

The _____ misdirection in the cover story,the _____ naturally participants respond to the variables under investigation.

A nonexperimental research design can answer all of the following questions,EXCEPT:

Which of the following represents a societal example of systematic error?

What is retrospective bias?

Dr.Tomero asks his graduate students to code his interview tapes for the appearance of micro-expressions.If one of his graduate students believes that she sees disgust,while another rates the same micro-expression as sadness,what type of error should Dr.Tomero be concerned with?

Nonresponse bias is an issue,because studies show that people who volunteer generally _____ than non-volunteers.

Behavioral observation is to real time as:

Alec is designing a self-report measure to assess participants' feelings toward salary caps on professional athletes.Which of the following would be the appropriate number of response items for each measure to ensure sensitivity and flexibility,as well as meaningful distinctions?

The _____ occurs when the upper boundary of a measurement tool is set too low,leading most participants to select the highest response.

Which of the following is NOT a quasi-independent variable?

Researchers have _____ chance of eliminating bias as compared to random error.

A behavioral measure is:

Generally speaking,the ____ response options a scale has the _____ sensitivity that measure is.

A primary advantage of self-report measures over behavioral measures is:

Which of the following is a quasi-independent variable?

Bias is:

The type of behavioral measure that involves measuring heart rate and sweat response is called:

Nonresponse bias is:

Data obtained from self-report and behavioral measures often:

The most common form of probability sampling is:

A: Psychology As Science: Thinking Like a Researcher

B: Psychology As Science: Thinking Like a Researcher

C: Psychology As Science: Thinking Like a Researcher

D: Psychology As Science: Thinking Like a Researcher

Psychology As Science: Part 1

Psychology As Science: Part 2

A: The Research Process: Ideas to Innovations

B: The Research Process: Ideas to Innovations

C: The Research Process: Ideas to Innovations

D: The Research Process: Ideas to Innovations

The Research Process: Part 1

The Research Process: Part 2

A: Ethics: Making Ethical Decisions in Research

B: Ethics: Making Ethical Decisions in Research

C: Ethics: Making Ethical Decisions in Research

D: Ethics: Making Ethical Decisions in Research

Ethics: Part 1

Ethics: Part 2

A: The Psychologists Toolbox: Tools for Building Better Designs

C: The Psychologists Toolbox: Tools for Building Better Designs

D: The Psychologists Toolbox: Tools for Building Better Designs

The Psychologists: Part 1

The Psychologists: Part 2

A: Qualitative Research: Getting Into the Mind of a Serial Killer

B: Qualitative Research: Getting Into the Mind of a Serial Killer

C: Qualitative Research: Getting Into the Mind of a Serial Killer

D: Qualitative Research: Getting Into the Mind of a Serial Killer

Qualitative Research: Part 1

Qualitative Research: Part 2

A: Observational Research: The Many Forms of Discipline in Parents Bag of Tricks

B: Observational Research: The Many Forms of Discipline in Parents Bag of Tricks

C: Observational Research: The Many Forms of Discipline in Parents Bag of Tricks

D: Observational Research: The Many Forms of Discipline in Parents Bag of Tricks

Observational Research: Part 1

Observational Research: Part 2

A: Survey Design and Scale Construction: Is Going Greek a Great Idea

B: Survey Design and Scale Construction: Is Going Greek a Great Idea

C: Survey Design and Scale Construction: Is Going Greek a Great Idea

D: Survey Design and Scale Construction: Is Going Greek a Great Idea

Survey Design and Scale Construction: Part 1

Survey Design and Scale Construction: Part 2

A: Two-Group Design: Texting: I Cant Get You Out of My Mind

B: Two-Group Design: Texting: I Cant Get You Out of My Mind

C: Two-Group Design: Texting: I Cant Get You Out of My Mind

D: Two-Group Design: Texting: I Cant Get You Out of My Mind

Two-Group Design: Part 1

Two-Group Design: Part 2

A: Multi-Group Design: Im Feeling Hot, but Is the Earth Hot, Too

B: Multi-Group Design: Im Feeling Hot, but Is the Earth Hot, Too

C: Multi-Group Design: Im Feeling Hot, but Is the Earth Hot, Too

D: Multi-Group Design: Im Feeling Hot, but Is the Earth Hot, Too

Multi-Group Design: Part 1

Multi-Group Design: Part 2

A: Within-Subjects Designs: Can Watching Reality Tv Shows Be Good for Us

B: Within-Subjects Designs: Can Watching Reality Tv Shows Be Good for Us

C: Within-Subjects Designs: Can Watching Reality Tv Shows Be Good for Us

D: Within-Subjects Designs: Can Watching Reality Tv Shows Be Good for Us

Within-Subjects Designs: Part 1

Within-Subjects Designs: Part 2

The _ misdirection in the cover story,the _ naturally participants respond to the variables under investigation.

Generally speaking,the response options a scale has the _ sensitivity that measure is.