Exam 43: Ecological and Evolutionary Consequences of Interactions Within and Among Species

Amensalism does not show the same types of ecological and evolutionary dynamics as competition,consumer‒resource interactions,and mutualism.The reason is that amensalism

Two species are most likely to coexist despite competition between them when

Use the following to answer questions : At low densities and in the absence of any other beetle species,the population of a strain of the flour beetle called Tribolium castaneum grows at a per capita rate of 0.25 per week.In controlled lab conditions,this growth rate is reduced by 0.01 for every 100 individuals.The addition of a related beetle,Tribolium freemani,further reduces the per capita growth rate of T.castaneum by 0.03 for every 100 T.freemani individuals. -If there are 1,000 T.castaneum and 400 T.freemani individuals,what is the per capita growth rate per week of the T.castaneum population?

In what way does amensalism differ from commensalism?

Use the following to answer questions : At low densities and in the absence of any other beetle species,the population of a strain of the flour beetle called Tribolium castaneum grows at a per capita rate of 0.25 per week.In controlled lab conditions,this growth rate is reduced by 0.01 for every 100 individuals.The addition of a related beetle,Tribolium freemani,further reduces the per capita growth rate of T.castaneum by 0.03 for every 100 T.freemani individuals. -If all of the T.freemani were removed and there were just 1,000 T.castaneum individuals,what would be the weekly per capita growth rate of the T.castaneum population?

Parasitism and predation are both forms of _______ interactions.

In the absence of rodent herbivores,the per capita population growth rate of a plant in a certain area is 0.06 per year.After the arrival of a population of 500 rodents,the per capita growth rate is -0.02.Assuming that the effect of the rodents on the plants is linear,what is the maximum number of rodents that could be in the area and still allow the plants to have a positive population growth rate?

Species that feed at on both primary producers and primary consumers are called _______.

Use the following to answer questions : A biologist examines three species of plants (A,B,C)and finds the patterns shown in the chart below.The effect by a species is the extent to which any individual of that species lowers the per capita growth rate of a given species.The effect on a species is how much the per capita growth rate of a species is affected by a given species.Thus,every individual of species A would lower the growth rate of species C by 0.017;and every individual of species C would lower the growth rate of species A by 0.014. -Based on these observations,should species A and C be able to coexist? Why or why not?

The _______ between Yucca plants and the moths that pollinate them is highly specialized.

In some passionflower plants,leaf structures that look like butterfly _______ have evolved as a defense against predation.

Which process is most responsible for the biochemical diversity of plants,including those that produce compounds that humans use for spices?

Use the following to answer questions : You have been observing an experimental population of nematodes that is given a set amount of a new food type at a given time.Over time,you notice that the carrying capacity appears to be increasing,as the food can support more individuals. -What would be other indications that natural selection has caused this population to increase its carrying capacity? Answer Key

Suppose a survey of predator-prey relationships where the predators were large mammals shows that the fastest predators are usually found in regions where the fastest prey are also found.The most likely explanation for such a finding would be

By definition,autotrophs are

Two species of beetles are both herbivores on the same host plant,and the presence of either beetle species reduces the population growth of the other.The relationship between these beetles is best described as

A moth and a beetle both lay eggs on the same species of plant and the larvae of both develop on the plant.Removal experiments show that the moth and the beetle each perform less well on the plant when the other species is removed.The relationship between the moth and the beetle is best described as

Which relationship does not involve negative effects for at least one of the species in the interaction?

In the absence of fox predation,the per capita growth rate of a population of rabbits is 0.15 per year.If each fox reduces the per capita growth rate of the rabbits by 0.0003,what is the maximum number of foxes that could exist and still allow the rabbit population to have a positive growth rate?

What type of organisms would be two trophic levels removed from autotrophs?