Question 1

Lichens acquire energy from

Accepted Answer

A)  decaying matter. 
B)  the sun. 
C)  parasitism. 
D)  minerals in the air and precipitation. 
E)  minerals on rocks. 
A)  decaying matter. 
B)  the sun. 
C)  parasitism. 
D)  minerals in the air and precipitation. 
E)  minerals on rocks.

Question 2

Which statement about fungal nutrition is false?

Accepted Answer

A)  Some fungi are active predators. 
B)  Some fungi form mutualistic associations with other organisms. 
C)  All fungi require mineral nutrients. 
D)  When nutrient supplies decrease,fungal spore production usually increases. 
E)  Facultative parasites can grow only on their specific hosts. 
A)  Some fungi are active predators. 
B)  Some fungi form mutualistic associations with other organisms. 
C)  All fungi require mineral nutrients. 
D)  When nutrient supplies decrease,fungal spore production usually increases. 
E)  Facultative parasites can grow only on their specific hosts.

Question 3

Assume that one haploid nucleus of a fungus with a dikaryotic life cycle contains 16 chromosomes.How many chromosomes would be present in one nucleus in a cell immediately after plasmogamy has occurred?

Accepted Answer

A)  4 
B)  8 
C)  16 
D)  32 
E)  64 
A)  4 
B)  8 
C)  16 
D)  32 
E)  64

Question 4

The chytrids are different from all other fungi in that

Accepted Answer

A)  they reproduce only asexually. 
B)  their haploid gametes have flagella. 
C)  they are the only parasitic fungi. 
D)  they contain a fruiting body. 
E)  they contain a thallus. 
A)  they reproduce only asexually. 
B)  their haploid gametes have flagella. 
C)  they are the only parasitic fungi. 
D)  they contain a fruiting body. 
E)  they contain a thallus.

Question 5

Rhizopus is a type of mold that has coenocytic hyphae and only one diploid cell (the zygote)during its life cycle.It is therefore likely to belong to which group?

Accepted Answer

A)  Zygomycota 
B)  Ascomycota 
C)  Glomeromycota 
D)  Blastocladiomycota 
E)  Microsporidia 
A)  Zygomycota 
B)  Ascomycota 
C)  Glomeromycota 
D)  Blastocladiomycota 
E)  Microsporidia

Question 6

What is the best evolutionary explanation for the presence of flagellated cells in the life cycles of chytrids and their absence from other fungi?

Accepted Answer

A)  Chytrids are specialized fungi that evolved this trait from fungal ancestors that lacked flagellated cells. 
B)  The presence of flagellated cells in chytrids shows that they are more closely related to animals and choanoflagellates than to actual fungi. 
C)  Chytrids evolved flagellated cells as an adaptation to living in water. 
D)  Flagella have evolved repeatedly in many different eukaryotic groups,and their presence is evolutionarily meaningless. 
E)  Flagellated cells in chytrids are a remnant of the common ancestry of fungi,animals,and choanoflagellates that has been lost in other fungi. 
A)  Chytrids are specialized fungi that evolved this trait from fungal ancestors that lacked flagellated cells. 
B)  The presence of flagellated cells in chytrids shows that they are more closely related to animals and choanoflagellates than to actual fungi. 
C)  Chytrids evolved flagellated cells as an adaptation to living in water. 
D)  Flagella have evolved repeatedly in many different eukaryotic groups,and their presence is evolutionarily meaningless. 
E)  Flagellated cells in chytrids are a remnant of the common ancestry of fungi,animals,and choanoflagellates that has been lost in other fungi.

Question 7

Which of the following is a synapomorphy for the fungi?

Accepted Answer

A)  Rhizoids 
B)  Spores 
C)  Heterotrophism 
D)  Chitin in the cell walls 
E)  Presence of DNA 
A)  Rhizoids 
B)  Spores 
C)  Heterotrophism 
D)  Chitin in the cell walls 
E)  Presence of DNA

Question 8

Organisms that live on dead matter are called

Accepted Answer

A)  parasites. 
B)  saprobes. 
C)  anaerobes. 
D)  aerobes. 
E)  autotrophs. 
A)  parasites. 
B)  saprobes. 
C)  anaerobes. 
D)  aerobes. 
E)  autotrophs.

Question 9

The cells of the body of a multicellular fungus are organized into rapidly growing individual tubular filaments called

Accepted Answer

A)  haustoria. 
B)  hyphae. 
C)  rhizoids. 
D)  mycelia. 
E)  dikaryons. 
A)  haustoria. 
B)  hyphae. 
C)  rhizoids. 
D)  mycelia. 
E)  dikaryons.

Question 10

The fruiting bodies of Ascomycota have _______ hyphae;those in Basidiomycota are _______.

Accepted Answer

A)  dikaryotic and haploid;only dikaryotic 
B)  dikaryotic;dikaryotic or haploid 
C)  dikaryotic;dikaryotic 
D)  haploid;dikaryotic 
E)  haploid;haploid or dikaryotic 
A)  dikaryotic and haploid;only dikaryotic 
B)  dikaryotic;dikaryotic or haploid 
C)  dikaryotic;dikaryotic 
D)  haploid;dikaryotic 
E)  haploid;haploid or dikaryotic

Question 11

Which statement about fungi is false?

Accepted Answer

A)  A multicellular fungus has a body called a mycelium. 
B)  Hyphae are composed of individual mycelia. 
C)  Many fungi tolerate highly hypertonic environments. 
D)  Many fungi tolerate low temperatures. 
E)  Some fungi are anchored to their substrate by rhizoids. 
A)  A multicellular fungus has a body called a mycelium. 
B)  Hyphae are composed of individual mycelia. 
C)  Many fungi tolerate highly hypertonic environments. 
D)  Many fungi tolerate low temperatures. 
E)  Some fungi are anchored to their substrate by rhizoids.

Question 12

If all Earth's fungi were to disappear,Earth's _______ cycle would fail.

Accepted Answer

A)  carbon 
B)  phosphorus 
C)  sulfur 
D)  nitrogen 
E)  water 
A)  carbon 
B)  phosphorus 
C)  sulfur 
D)  nitrogen 
E)  water

Question 13

Which statement about microsporidia is false?

Accepted Answer

A)  They lack true mitochondria. 
B)  They are parasites of animals. 
C)  They contain mitosomes. 
D)  They are among the smallest eukaryotes known. 
E)  They infect their host by invading the cells with branching hyphae. 
A)  They lack true mitochondria. 
B)  They are parasites of animals. 
C)  They contain mitosomes. 
D)  They are among the smallest eukaryotes known. 
E)  They infect their host by invading the cells with branching hyphae.

Question 14

Unicellular species of any type of fungi are known as _______.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Unicellular species of any type of fungi...

Question 15

The portion of the fungus that is in direct contact with the photosynthetic cells in the formation of a lichen is the

Accepted Answer

A)  fruiting body. 
B)  hyphae. 
C)  spore. 
D)  spore case. 
E)  blue-green bacteria. 
A)  fruiting body. 
B)  hyphae. 
C)  spore. 
D)  spore case. 
E)  blue-green bacteria.

Question 16

Almost one-third of the species involved in mutualistic relationships known as lichens belong to the

Accepted Answer

A)  Zygomycota. 
B)  Ascomycota. 
C)  Glomeromycota. 
D)  Blastocladiomycota. 
E)  Basidiomycota. 
A)  Zygomycota. 
B)  Ascomycota. 
C)  Glomeromycota. 
D)  Blastocladiomycota. 
E)  Basidiomycota.

Question 17

Which of the following fungal structures has pores in their surfaces that allow cell organelles and cytoplasm to pass through?

Accepted Answer

A)  Septa 
B)  Mycelium 
C)  Hypha 
D)  Coenocytic hyphae 
E)  Fruiting structure 
A)  Septa 
B)  Mycelium 
C)  Hypha 
D)  Coenocytic hyphae 
E)  Fruiting structure

Question 18

Individual filaments that anchor some fungi to their substrate are called

Accepted Answer

A)  mycelia. 
B)  dikaryons. 
C)  rhizoids. 
D)  haustoria. 
E)  hyphae. 
A)  mycelia. 
B)  dikaryons. 
C)  rhizoids. 
D)  haustoria. 
E)  hyphae.

Question 19

Seed germination in most orchid species depends on the presence of a specific fungus species,and the fungus derives nutrients from the seed and seedling.This is an example of a _______ interaction.

Accepted Answer

A)  Saprobic 
B)  Competitive 
C)  Predatory 
D)  Parasitic 
E)  Mutualistic 
A)  Saprobic 
B)  Competitive 
C)  Predatory 
D)  Parasitic 
E)  Mutualistic

Question 20

Fungi grow in association with the roots of eucalyptus,providing the plants with more water.This is an example of a _______ interaction.

Accepted Answer

A)  Saprobic 
B)  Competitive 
C)  Predatory 
D)  Parasitic 
E)  Mutualistic 
A)  Saprobic 
B)  Competitive 
C)  Predatory 
D)  Parasitic 
E)  Mutualistic

Exam 22: The Evolution and Diversity of Fungi

Lichens acquire energy from

Which statement about fungal nutrition is false?

Assume that one haploid nucleus of a fungus with a dikaryotic life cycle contains 16 chromosomes.How many chromosomes would be present in one nucleus in a cell immediately after plasmogamy has occurred?

The chytrids are different from all other fungi in that

Rhizopus is a type of mold that has coenocytic hyphae and only one diploid cell (the zygote)during its life cycle.It is therefore likely to belong to which group?

What is the best evolutionary explanation for the presence of flagellated cells in the life cycles of chytrids and their absence from other fungi?

Which of the following is a synapomorphy for the fungi?

Organisms that live on dead matter are called

The cells of the body of a multicellular fungus are organized into rapidly growing individual tubular filaments called

The fruiting bodies of Ascomycota have _______ hyphae;those in Basidiomycota are _______.

Which statement about fungi is false?

If all Earth's fungi were to disappear,Earth's _______ cycle would fail.

Which statement about microsporidia is false?

Unicellular species of any type of fungi are known as _______.

The portion of the fungus that is in direct contact with the photosynthetic cells in the formation of a lichen is the

Almost one-third of the species involved in mutualistic relationships known as lichens belong to the

Which of the following fungal structures has pores in their surfaces that allow cell organelles and cytoplasm to pass through?

Individual filaments that anchor some fungi to their substrate are called

Seed germination in most orchid species depends on the presence of a specific fungus species,and the fungus derives nutrients from the seed and seedling.This is an example of a _______ interaction.

Fungi grow in association with the roots of eucalyptus,providing the plants with more water.This is an example of a _______ interaction.

Introduction

The Chemistry and Energy of Life

Nucleic Acids, Proteins, and Enzymes

Cells: the Working Units of Life

Cell Membranes and Signaling

Pathways That Harvest and Store Chemical Energy

The Cell Cycle and Cell Division

Inheritance, Genes, and Chromosomes

DNA and Its Role in Heredity

From Dna to Protein: Gene Expression

Regulation of Gene Expression

Genomes

Biotechnology

Genes, Development, and Evolution

Processes of Evolution

Reconstructing and Using Phylogenies

Speciation

The History of Life on Earth

Bacteria, Archaea, and Viruses

The Origin and Diversification of Eukaryotes

The Evolution of Plants

Animal Origins and Diversity

The Plant Body

Plant Nutrition and Transport

Plant Growth and Development

Reproduction of Flowering Plants

Plants in the Environment

Fundamentals of Animal Function

Nutrition and Digestion

Breathing

Circulation

Muscle and Movement

Neurons, Sense Organs, and Nervous Systems

Nervous and Endocrine Control

Water and Salts: Excretion

Animal Reproduction

Animal Development

Immunology: Animal Defense Systems

Animal Behavior

The Distribution of Earths Ecological Systems

Populations

Ecological and Evolutionary Consequences of Interactions Within and Among Species

Ecological Communities

The Global Ecosystem

Filters

The fruiting bodies of Ascomycota have _ hyphae;those in Basidiomycota are _.