Question 1

The best place to look for a new,heat-tolerant DNA polymerase enzyme would be among the

Accepted Answer

A)  thermophilic archaea. 
B)  methanogens. 
C)  extreme halophiles. 
D)  spirochetes. 
E)  proteobacteria. 
A)  thermophilic archaea. 
B)  methanogens. 
C)  extreme halophiles. 
D)  spirochetes. 
E)  proteobacteria.

Question 2

Which is not a component of prokaryotic cells?

Accepted Answer

A)  A membrane-enclosed nucleus 
B)  RNA 
C)  Ribosomes 
D)  Circular DNA 
E)  RNA polymerase 
A)  A membrane-enclosed nucleus 
B)  RNA 
C)  Ribosomes 
D)  Circular DNA 
E)  RNA polymerase

Question 3

It is difficult to reconstruct the phylogenetic relationships of viruses because of their

Accepted Answer

A)  lack of nucleic acid. 
B)  diverse capsid morphologies. 
C)  rapid evolutionary rates. 
D)  double membranes. 
E)  high lipid content. 
A)  lack of nucleic acid. 
B)  diverse capsid morphologies. 
C)  rapid evolutionary rates. 
D)  double membranes. 
E)  high lipid content.

Question 4

You find a single-celled eukaryotic organism that has plasmids,a nucleus,80S ribosomes,and ester-linked unbranched lipids.In what way would this be an unusual eukaryote?

Accepted Answer

A)  Plasmids are rare in eukaryotes. 
B)  Unbranched lipids are rare in eukaryotes. 
C)  Ester-linked lipids are only found in bacteria. 
D)  80S ribosomes are only found in prokaryotes. 
E)  Eukaryotes have ether-linked lipids. 
A)  Plasmids are rare in eukaryotes. 
B)  Unbranched lipids are rare in eukaryotes. 
C)  Ester-linked lipids are only found in bacteria. 
D)  80S ribosomes are only found in prokaryotes. 
E)  Eukaryotes have ether-linked lipids.

Question 5

Which is not a reason that ribosomal RNA (rRNA)is a useful source of data for studying evolutionary relationships?

Accepted Answer

A)  rRNA undergoes a high degree of lateral transfer. 
B)  No free-living organism lacks rRNA. 
C)  rRNA plays a critical role in the translation process in all organisms. 
D)  rRNA evolves slowly,so it can be analyzed across a wide range of organisms. 
E)  rRNA is evolutionarily ancient and was present in the common ancestor of all life forms. 
A)  rRNA undergoes a high degree of lateral transfer. 
B)  No free-living organism lacks rRNA. 
C)  rRNA plays a critical role in the translation process in all organisms. 
D)  rRNA evolves slowly,so it can be analyzed across a wide range of organisms. 
E)  rRNA is evolutionarily ancient and was present in the common ancestor of all life forms.

Question 6

Negative-sense single-stranded RNA viruses

Accepted Answer

A)  regenerate themselves by reverse transcription. 
B)  include viruses that are responsible for causing plant diseases and are referred to as mosaic viruses. 
C)  have only a few genes,including one that allows them to make mRNA from their genome. 
D)  are polyphyletic and include some viruses that have more than a million base pairs. 
E)  have distinct lipids in their plasma membranes. 
A)  regenerate themselves by reverse transcription. 
B)  include viruses that are responsible for causing plant diseases and are referred to as mosaic viruses. 
C)  have only a few genes,including one that allows them to make mRNA from their genome. 
D)  are polyphyletic and include some viruses that have more than a million base pairs. 
E)  have distinct lipids in their plasma membranes.

Question 7

Which group of prokaryotes was responsible for converting Earth's early atmosphere from anaerobic to aerobic?

Accepted Answer

A)  Proteobacteria 
B)  Halophiles 
C)  Cyanobacteria 
D)  Spirochetes 
E)  Actinobacteria 
A)  Proteobacteria 
B)  Halophiles 
C)  Cyanobacteria 
D)  Spirochetes 
E)  Actinobacteria

Question 8

Peptidoglycan is a unique feature of the

Accepted Answer

A)  Bacteria. 
B)  Bacteria and Eukarya. 
C)  Eukarya. 
D)  prokaryotes. 
E)  Archaea and Bacteria. 
A)  Bacteria. 
B)  Bacteria and Eukarya. 
C)  Eukarya. 
D)  prokaryotes. 
E)  Archaea and Bacteria.

Question 9

Which statement about the biofilm found in the human large intestine is false?

Accepted Answer

A)  It is made up of numerous species of toxic bacteria. 
B)  It facilitates nutrient transfer from the intestine to the body. 
C)  It is essential for human health. 
D)  Its exact species makeup varies from region to region. 
E)  Humans get vitamins B12 and K from the bacterial waste products. 
A)  It is made up of numerous species of toxic bacteria. 
B)  It facilitates nutrient transfer from the intestine to the body. 
C)  It is essential for human health. 
D)  Its exact species makeup varies from region to region. 
E)  Humans get vitamins B12 and K from the bacterial waste products.

Question 10

Archaea is the closest sister group to the

Accepted Answer

A)  bacteria. 
B)  bacteria and eukaryotes. 
C)  eukaryotes. 
D)  prokaryotes. 
E)  None of the above 
A)  bacteria. 
B)  bacteria and eukaryotes. 
C)  eukaryotes. 
D)  prokaryotes. 
E)  None of the above

Question 11

RNA retroviruses

Accepted Answer

A)  have only a few genes,including one that allows them to make mRNA from their genome. 
B)  include viruses that are responsible for causing plant diseases and are referred to as mosaic viruses. 
C)  regenerate themselves by reverse transcription. 
D)  are polyphyletic and include some viruses that have more than a million base pairs. 
E)  have distinct lipids in their plasma membranes. 
A)  have only a few genes,including one that allows them to make mRNA from their genome. 
B)  include viruses that are responsible for causing plant diseases and are referred to as mosaic viruses. 
C)  regenerate themselves by reverse transcription. 
D)  are polyphyletic and include some viruses that have more than a million base pairs. 
E)  have distinct lipids in their plasma membranes.

Question 12

Which habitats would be favored by thermoacidophiles?

Accepted Answer

A)  The stomachs of many herbivores 
B)  Hot,alkaline springs 
C)  Anaerobic conditions 
D)  Hot sulfur springs 
E)  Deep-sea volcanic vents 
A)  The stomachs of many herbivores 
B)  Hot,alkaline springs 
C)  Anaerobic conditions 
D)  Hot sulfur springs 
E)  Deep-sea volcanic vents

Question 13

Which of the following is not found as the genetic material of a virus?

Accepted Answer

A)  Negative-sense RNA 
B)  Single-stranded RNA 
C)  Double-stranded DNA 
D)  Single-stranded DNA 
E)  rRNA 
A)  Negative-sense RNA 
B)  Single-stranded RNA 
C)  Double-stranded DNA 
D)  Single-stranded DNA 
E)  rRNA

Question 14

All prokaryotes that use light as an energy source

Accepted Answer

A)  use chlorophyll a as their photosynthetic pigment. 
B)  use bacteriochlorophyll as their photosynthetic pigment. 
C)  release oxygen gas. 
D)  produce particles of sulfur. 
E)  store the energy of light rather than using it immediately. 
A)  use chlorophyll a as their photosynthetic pigment. 
B)  use bacteriochlorophyll as their photosynthetic pigment. 
C)  release oxygen gas. 
D)  produce particles of sulfur. 
E)  store the energy of light rather than using it immediately.

Question 15

Human diseases can be caused by

Accepted Answer

A)  all viral types. 
B)  only DNA viruses. 
C)  only RNA viruses. 
D)  only RNA retroviruses. 
E)  only single-stranded viruses. 
A)  all viral types. 
B)  only DNA viruses. 
C)  only RNA viruses. 
D)  only RNA retroviruses. 
E)  only single-stranded viruses.

Question 16

Bacteria may differ from one another in their

Accepted Answer

A)  structure. 
B)  metabolism. 
C)  life cycle. 
D)  DNA content. 
E)  All of the above 
A)  structure. 
B)  metabolism. 
C)  life cycle. 
D)  DNA content. 
E)  All of the above

Question 17

The chlorophyll of cyanobacteria is

Accepted Answer

A)  bacteriorhodopsin. 
B)  distinct from the chlorophyll of plants. 
C)  bacteriochlorophyll. 
D)  like that of plants. 
E)  rarely produced. 
A)  bacteriorhodopsin. 
B)  distinct from the chlorophyll of plants. 
C)  bacteriochlorophyll. 
D)  like that of plants. 
E)  rarely produced.

Question 18

Spirochetes move via

Accepted Answer

A)  gas vesicles. 
B)  cilia. 
C)  axial filaments. 
D)  pseudopods. 
E)  flagella. 
A)  gas vesicles. 
B)  cilia. 
C)  axial filaments. 
D)  pseudopods. 
E)  flagella.

Question 19

Which of the following is induced or caused by exotoxins?

Accepted Answer

A)  Denitrification 
B)  Cholera 
C)  Mycoplasma 
D)  Salmonella 
E)  Influenza 
A)  Denitrification 
B)  Cholera 
C)  Mycoplasma 
D)  Salmonella 
E)  Influenza

Question 20

Methanogenic euryarchaeotes are obligate anaerobes,some of which live in the intestinal tracts of mammals and other animals.From this information,one can conclude that the environment in the intestinal tracts

Accepted Answer

A)  is rich in oxygen. 
B)  is rich in sulfur. 
C)  lacks oxygen. 
D)  lacks methane. 
E)  contains termites. 
A)  is rich in oxygen. 
B)  is rich in sulfur. 
C)  lacks oxygen. 
D)  lacks methane. 
E)  contains termites.

Exam 19: Bacteria, Archaea, and Viruses

The best place to look for a new,heat-tolerant DNA polymerase enzyme would be among the

Which is not a component of prokaryotic cells?

It is difficult to reconstruct the phylogenetic relationships of viruses because of their

You find a single-celled eukaryotic organism that has plasmids,a nucleus,80S ribosomes,and ester-linked unbranched lipids.In what way would this be an unusual eukaryote?

Which is not a reason that ribosomal RNA (rRNA)is a useful source of data for studying evolutionary relationships?

Negative-sense single-stranded RNA viruses

Which group of prokaryotes was responsible for converting Earth's early atmosphere from anaerobic to aerobic?

Peptidoglycan is a unique feature of the

Which statement about the biofilm found in the human large intestine is false?

Archaea is the closest sister group to the

RNA retroviruses

Which habitats would be favored by thermoacidophiles?

Which of the following is not found as the genetic material of a virus?

All prokaryotes that use light as an energy source

Human diseases can be caused by

Bacteria may differ from one another in their

The chlorophyll of cyanobacteria is

Spirochetes move via

Which of the following is induced or caused by exotoxins?

Methanogenic euryarchaeotes are obligate anaerobes,some of which live in the intestinal tracts of mammals and other animals.From this information,one can conclude that the environment in the intestinal tracts

Introduction

The Chemistry and Energy of Life

Nucleic Acids, Proteins, and Enzymes

Cells: the Working Units of Life

Cell Membranes and Signaling

Pathways That Harvest and Store Chemical Energy

The Cell Cycle and Cell Division

Inheritance, Genes, and Chromosomes

DNA and Its Role in Heredity

From Dna to Protein: Gene Expression

Regulation of Gene Expression

Genomes

Biotechnology

Genes, Development, and Evolution

Processes of Evolution

Reconstructing and Using Phylogenies

Speciation

The History of Life on Earth

The Origin and Diversification of Eukaryotes

The Evolution of Plants

The Evolution and Diversity of Fungi

Animal Origins and Diversity

The Plant Body

Plant Nutrition and Transport

Plant Growth and Development

Reproduction of Flowering Plants

Plants in the Environment

Fundamentals of Animal Function

Nutrition and Digestion

Breathing

Circulation

Muscle and Movement

Neurons, Sense Organs, and Nervous Systems

Nervous and Endocrine Control

Water and Salts: Excretion

Animal Reproduction

Animal Development

Immunology: Animal Defense Systems

Animal Behavior

The Distribution of Earths Ecological Systems

Populations

Ecological and Evolutionary Consequences of Interactions Within and Among Species

Ecological Communities

The Global Ecosystem

Filters