Question 1

Iodine enters follicular cells

Accepted Answer

A)  By primary active transport 
B)  By secondary active transport using Na+ to drive uphill transport 
C)  Passively 
D)  Bound to tyrosine 
E)  Bound to thyronine 
A)  By primary active transport 
B)  By secondary active transport using Na+ to drive uphill transport 
C)  Passively 
D)  Bound to tyrosine 
E)  Bound to thyronine B

Question 2

Which of the following is an example of central hypothyroidism?

Accepted Answer

A)  Lack of iodine in the diet 
B)  Defect in NIS 
C)  Defect in pendrin 
D)  Malfunctioning thyroid peroxidase 
E)  Defects in the TRH receptor 
A)  Lack of iodine in the diet 
B)  Defect in NIS 
C)  Defect in pendrin 
D)  Malfunctioning thyroid peroxidase 
E)  Defects in the TRH receptor E

Question 3

Iodine used for thyroxine synthesis

Accepted Answer

A)  Comes almost exclusively from food or iodized salt 
B)  Derives from body fat stores 
C)  Comes mostly from drinks 
D)  Com es from the air 
E)  None of the above 
A)  Comes almost exclusively from food or iodized salt 
B)  Derives from body fat stores 
C)  Comes mostly from drinks 
D)  Com es from the air 
E)  None of the above A

Question 4

The mechanism of action of T3 is to

Accepted Answer

A)  Phosphorylate discrete sets of proteins 
B)  Regulate the insertion of proteins into cell membranes 
C)  Selectively regulate degradation of certain proteins 
D)  Regulate gene expression through binding of thyroid receptors to thyroid response elements 
E)  Regulate gene expression through JAK-STAT pathways 
A)  Phosphorylate discrete sets of proteins 
B)  Regulate the insertion of proteins into cell membranes 
C)  Selectively regulate degradation of certain proteins 
D)  Regulate gene expression through binding of thyroid receptors to thyroid response elements 
E)  Regulate gene expression through JAK-STAT pathways

Question 5

Most of the circulating T4 and T3 in the blood is

Accepted Answer

A)  Free 
B)  Bound to album in 
C)  Bound to TBG (thyroxine binding globulin) 
D)  Bound to thyroxine binding prealbum in 
E)  Bound to the surface of red blood cells 
A)  Free 
B)  Bound to album in 
C)  Bound to TBG (thyroxine binding globulin) 
D)  Bound to thyroxine binding prealbum in 
E)  Bound to the surface of red blood cells

Question 6

In iodine deficiency

Accepted Answer

A)  TSH increases due to decreased negative feedback by T3 
B)  TSH increases due to stress 
C)  TSH increases due to LATS 
D)  T3 levels are unaffected because iodine is recycled from DIT and MIT and so TSH is normal 
E)  TSH decreases due to CNS depression 
A)  TSH increases due to decreased negative feedback by T3 
B)  TSH increases due to stress 
C)  TSH increases due to LATS 
D)  T3 levels are unaffected because iodine is recycled from DIT and MIT and so TSH is normal 
E)  TSH decreases due to CNS depression

Question 7

Receptors for T3 are found

Accepted Answer

A)  On the surface of m ost cells 
B)  In the cytoplasm of m ost cells 
C)  In the nucleus of most cells 
D)  Linked to G-protein coupled receptors in the liver and kidney 
E)  In the cytoplasm of brown fat 
A)  On the surface of m ost cells 
B)  In the cytoplasm of m ost cells 
C)  In the nucleus of most cells 
D)  Linked to G-protein coupled receptors in the liver and kidney 
E)  In the cytoplasm of brown fat

Question 8

The main negative feedback on TSH secretion is provided by

Accepted Answer

A)  TRH 
B)  Body temperature 
C)  T4 and T3 levels in the blood 
D)  Sex steroids 
E)  TBG from the liver 
A)  TRH 
B)  Body temperature 
C)  T4 and T3 levels in the blood 
D)  Sex steroids 
E)  TBG from the liver

Question 9

Stimulation of the thyroid gland with TSH

Accepted Answer

A)  Causes the thyroid cells to become flattened 
B)  Causes the thyroid cells to become more columnar 
C)  Decreases the size of the follicles because they consume the colloid 
D)  Uses a Gq mechanism to stimulate thyroxine secretion 
E)  Involves direct m anipulation of TSH-response elements in the follicular cells 
A)  Causes the thyroid cells to become flattened 
B)  Causes the thyroid cells to become more columnar 
C)  Decreases the size of the follicles because they consume the colloid 
D)  Uses a Gq mechanism to stimulate thyroxine secretion 
E)  Involves direct m anipulation of TSH-response elements in the follicular cells

Question 10

TSH consists of an $\alpha$ and $\beta$ chain. The " chain in TSH is identical to that in

Accepted Answer

A)  LH 
B)  FSH 
C)  HCG 
D)  All of the above 
E)  None of the above 
A)  LH 
B)  FSH 
C)  HCG 
D)  All of the above 
E)  None of the above

Question 11

The thyroid gland is located

Accepted Answer

A)  In the neck on both sides of the trachea 
B)  Just above the kidney 
C)  In the region between stomach and sm all intestine 
D)  Buried within the parathyroid gland 
E)  At the angle of the jaw next to the lymph nodes 
A)  In the neck on both sides of the trachea 
B)  Just above the kidney 
C)  In the region between stomach and sm all intestine 
D)  Buried within the parathyroid gland 
E)  At the angle of the jaw next to the lymph nodes

Question 12

TSH is secreted

Accepted Answer

A)  From the anterior pituitary in response to TRH 
B)  From the hypothalamus in response to nervous excitation 
C)  From the posterior pituitary along with neurophysin 
D)  From the anterior pituitary in response to T3 
E)  From the thyroid gland in response to T3 
A)  From the anterior pituitary in response to TRH 
B)  From the hypothalamus in response to nervous excitation 
C)  From the posterior pituitary along with neurophysin 
D)  From the anterior pituitary in response to T3 
E)  From the thyroid gland in response to T3

Question 13

Which of the following is NOT a characteristic of cretinism?

Accepted Answer

A)  Severe mental retardation 
B)  Shortness of stature 
C)  Deafness 
D)  Kidney failure 
E)  Poor motor coordination 
A)  Severe mental retardation 
B)  Shortness of stature 
C)  Deafness 
D)  Kidney failure 
E)  Poor motor coordination

Question 14

You would m ost likely see a goiter in

Accepted Answer

A)  Iodine deficiency 
B)  Hashim oto’s thyroiditis 
C)  Central hypothyroidism 
D)  Euthyroidism 
E)  Myxedema 
A)  Iodine deficiency 
B)  Hashim oto’s thyroiditis 
C)  Central hypothyroidism 
D)  Euthyroidism 
E)  Myxedema

Question 15

The main secretion of the thyroid gland is

Accepted Answer

A)  T3 
B)  T4 
C)  Reverse T3 
D)  DIT 
E)  MIT 
A)  T3 
B)  T4 
C)  Reverse T3 
D)  DIT 
E)  MIT

Question 16

Graves disease is caused by

Accepted Answer

A)  Excess production of TSH 
B)  Iodine poisoning 
C)  Goitrogens in the diet 
D)  LATS - long acting thyroid stimulator 
E)  Exopthalamos 
A)  Excess production of TSH 
B)  Iodine poisoning 
C)  Goitrogens in the diet 
D)  LATS - long acting thyroid stimulator 
E)  Exopthalamos

Question 17

A patient has low levels of T3 and T4. You test for TSH and find it is elevated. You conclude that

Accepted Answer

A)  Iodine deficiency is the cause of low T3 and T4 levels 
B)  End-organ unresponsiveness to TSH caused the low T3 and T4 levels 
C)  The patient has normal hypothalamic-pituitary function 
D)  The thyroid gland can’t concentrate iodine 
E)  The problem lies in organification of the thyroglobulin 
A)  Iodine deficiency is the cause of low T3 and T4 levels 
B)  End-organ unresponsiveness to TSH caused the low T3 and T4 levels 
C)  The patient has normal hypothalamic-pituitary function 
D)  The thyroid gland can’t concentrate iodine 
E)  The problem lies in organification of the thyroglobulin

Question 18

W hich of the following is an example of primary hypothyroidism?

Accepted Answer

A)  Defects in the TRH receptor 
B)  Defects in TSH structure 
C)  Traum atic lesion of the hypophyseal stalk 
D)  Defects in TRH secretion 
E)  Lack of iodine in the diet 
A)  Defects in the TRH receptor 
B)  Defects in TSH structure 
C)  Traum atic lesion of the hypophyseal stalk 
D)  Defects in TRH secretion 
E)  Lack of iodine in the diet

Question 19

Deficiency of thyroid hormone during development causes

Accepted Answer

A)  Acromegaly 
B)  Cretinism 
C)  Cushing’s syndrome 
D)  Exopthalamos 
E)  Grave’s disease 
A)  Acromegaly 
B)  Cretinism 
C)  Cushing’s syndrome 
D)  Exopthalamos 
E)  Grave’s disease

Question 20

The thyroid follicle contains

Accepted Answer

A)  Thyroglobulin 
B)  Thyroxine 
C)  Triiodothyronine 
D)  Parafollicular cells 
E)  Calcitonin 
A)  Thyroglobulin 
B)  Thyroxine 
C)  Triiodothyronine 
D)  Parafollicular cells 
E)  Calcitonin

Exam 63: The Thyroid Gland

Iodine enters follicular cells

Which of the following is an example of central hypothyroidism?

Iodine used for thyroxine synthesis

The mechanism of action of T3 is to

Most of the circulating T4 and T3 in the blood is

In iodine deficiency

Receptors for T3 are found

The main negative feedback on TSH secretion is provided by

Stimulation of the thyroid gland with TSH

TSH consists of an α\alphaα and β\betaβ chain. The " chain in TSH is identical to that in

The thyroid gland is located

TSH is secreted

Which of the following is NOT a characteristic of cretinism?

You would m ost likely see a goiter in

The main secretion of the thyroid gland is

Graves disease is caused by

A patient has low levels of T3 and T4. You test for TSH and find it is elevated. You conclude that

W hich of the following is an example of primary hypothyroidism?

Deficiency of thyroid hormone during development causes

The thyroid follicle contains

Physical Foundations Ii: Electrical Force Potential Capacitance and Current

Chemical Foundations I: Chemical Energy and Intermolecular Forces

Chemical Foundations Ii: Concentration and Kinetics

Diffusion

Electrochemical Potential and Free Energy

Cell Structure

Dna and Protein Synthesis

Protein Structure

Biological Membranes

Passive Transport and Facilitated Diffusion

Active Transport: Pumps and Exchangers

Osmosis and Osmotic Pressure

Cell Signaling

ATP Production I: Glycolysis

Atp Production Ii: Tca Cycle and Oxidative Phosphorylation

Atp Production Iii: Fatty Acid Oxidation and Amino Acid Oxidation

Origin of the Membrane Potential

The Action Potential

Propagation of the Action Potential

Skeletal Muscle Mechanics

Contractile Mechanisms in Skeletal Muscle

Neuromuscular Junction and Ec Coupling

Muscle Energetics Fatigue and Training

Smooth Muscle

Organization of the Nervous System

Cells Synapses and Neurotransmitters

Cutaneous Sensory Systems

Spinal Reflexes

Balance and Control of Movement

the Chemical Senses

Hearing

Vision

Autonomic Nervous System

Overview of the Cv System and Blood

Plasma and Red Blood Cells

White Blood Cells and Inflammation

The Heart As a Pump

Cellular Basis of Cardiac Contractility

the Cardiac Function Curve

Vascular Function: Hemodynamics

Microcirculation and Solute Exchange

Regulation of Perfusion

Integration of Cardiac Output and Venous Return

Regulation of Arterial Pressure

Mechanics of Breathing

Lung Volumes and Airway Resistance

Gas Exchange in the Lung

Oxygen and Carbon Dioxide Transport

Acid Base Physiology I Bicarbonate Buffers and Respiratory Compensation

Control of Ventilation

Anatomy and Renal Overview

Glomerular Filtration

Tubular Reabsorption and Secretion

Concentration and Dilution of Urine

Mouth and Esophagus

The Stomach

Intestinal and Colonic Motility

Pancreatic and Biliary Secretion

Digestion and Absorption of the Macronutrients

TSH consists of an $\alpha$ and $\beta$ chain. The " chain in TSH is identical to that in