Question 1

Endopeptidases include which of the following?

Accepted Answer

A)  Trypsin 
B)  Carboxypeptidase 
C)  Dipeptidylcarboxypeptidase 
D)  Dipeptidylaminopeptidase 
E)  Aminopeptidase 
A)  Trypsin 
B)  Carboxypeptidase 
C)  Dipeptidylcarboxypeptidase 
D)  Dipeptidylaminopeptidase 
E)  Aminopeptidase A

Question 2

Humans cannot digest cellulose because

Accepted Answer

A)  Humans lack enzymes to split the $\alpha$ (1,4) glycosidic linkage in cellulose 
B)  Humans lack enzymes to split the $\alpha$ (1,6) glycosidic linkage in cellulose 
C)  Adult humans lack lactase 
D)  Humans cannot split the $\beta$ 1,4 glycosidic linkage in cellulose 
E)  Humans lack amylase 
A)  Humans lack enzymes to split the $\alpha$ (1,4) glycosidic linkage in cellulose 
B)  Humans lack enzymes to split the $\alpha$ (1,6) glycosidic linkage in cellulose 
C)  Adult humans lack lactase 
D)  Humans cannot split the $\beta$ 1,4 glycosidic linkage in cellulose 
E)  Humans lack amylase D

Question 3

What other sugar competitively inhibits glucose uptake at the brush border membrane?

Accepted Answer

A)  Fructose 
B)  Sucrose 
C)  Galactose 
D)  Lactose 
E)  Ribose 
A)  Fructose 
B)  Sucrose 
C)  Galactose 
D)  Lactose 
E)  Ribose C

Question 4

Triglyerides in the lymph or portal blood are

Accepted Answer

A)  Re-esterified from absorbed fatty acids and glycerol in the enterocyte cytosol 
B)  Absorbed intact from the intestinal lumen 
C)  Synthesized from acteyl CoA and glycerol in the enterocyte smooth ER 
D)  Re-esterified from absorbed fatty acids and glycerol in the enterocyte smooth ER 
E)  Packaged mainly in VHDL 
A)  Re-esterified from absorbed fatty acids and glycerol in the enterocyte cytosol 
B)  Absorbed intact from the intestinal lumen 
C)  Synthesized from acteyl CoA and glycerol in the enterocyte smooth ER 
D)  Re-esterified from absorbed fatty acids and glycerol in the enterocyte smooth ER 
E)  Packaged mainly in VHDL

Question 5

Glucose transfer from the enterocyte to the blood occurs by

Accepted Answer

A)  Facilitated diffusion 
B)  Primary active transport 
C)  Secondary active transport linked to Na+ cotransport 
D)  Secondary active transport linked to H+ cotransport 
E)  Both A and C 
A)  Facilitated diffusion 
B)  Primary active transport 
C)  Secondary active transport linked to Na+ cotransport 
D)  Secondary active transport linked to H+ cotransport 
E)  Both A and C

Question 6

Pespsinogen is activated to pepsin by

Accepted Answer

A)  Stomach acid 
B)  Enterokinase 
C)  Trypsin 
D)  Chym otrypsin 
E)  Secretin 
A)  Stomach acid 
B)  Enterokinase 
C)  Trypsin 
D)  Chym otrypsin 
E)  Secretin

Question 7

The main function of bile acids is due to their

Accepted Answer

A)  Solubilizing action on fats and fat digestion products 
B)  Enterohepatic circulation 
C)  Activation of phospholipase A2 
D)  Content of cholesterol 
E)  Hydrolysis of triglycerides 
A)  Solubilizing action on fats and fat digestion products 
B)  Enterohepatic circulation 
C)  Activation of phospholipase A2 
D)  Content of cholesterol 
E)  Hydrolysis of triglycerides

Question 8

Long chain fatty acids are mainly transported in the

Accepted Answer

A)  Lymph as VLDL 
B)  Portal blood as HDL 
C)  Lymph as chylomicrons 
D)  Portal blood as chylomicrons 
E)  Both A and C are correct 
A)  Lymph as VLDL 
B)  Portal blood as HDL 
C)  Lymph as chylomicrons 
D)  Portal blood as chylomicrons 
E)  Both A and C are correct

Question 9

Premature activation of pancreatic proteolytic enzymes is prevented by

Accepted Answer

A)  Synthesis as inactive precursors 
B)  Sequestration away from activator Ca2+ 
C)  Enterokinase inhibitor 
D)  Inhibitory amino acids within the secretory granules 
E)  Concentration of the enzyme in the granules 
A)  Synthesis as inactive precursors 
B)  Sequestration away from activator Ca2+ 
C)  Enterokinase inhibitor 
D)  Inhibitory amino acids within the secretory granules 
E)  Concentration of the enzyme in the granules

Question 10

Activation of pancreatic proteolytic enzymes is achieved by

Accepted Answer

A)  Enterokinase within the zymogen granules 
B)  Trypsin activator on the intestinal brush border 
C)  Trypsin activator in the intestinal lumen 
D)  Enterokinase on the intestinal brush border 
E)  Ca2+ in the bile 
A)  Enterokinase within the zymogen granules 
B)  Trypsin activator on the intestinal brush border 
C)  Trypsin activator in the intestinal lumen 
D)  Enterokinase on the intestinal brush border 
E)  Ca2+ in the bile

Question 11

Uptake of dipeptides across the brush border membrane

Accepted Answer

A)  Does not occur 
B)  Occurs through a secondary active transport mechanism by using a H+ cotransporter 
C)  Uses a facilitated diffusion mechanism 
D)  Requires multiple carrier types to recognize the diversity of dipeptide forms 
E)  Occurs only in the ileum 
A)  Does not occur 
B)  Occurs through a secondary active transport mechanism by using a H+ cotransporter 
C)  Uses a facilitated diffusion mechanism 
D)  Requires multiple carrier types to recognize the diversity of dipeptide forms 
E)  Occurs only in the ileum

Question 12

Amino acids are absorbed

Accepted Answer

A)  Only as single amino acids 
B)  Only as dipeptides 
C)  As both single amino acids and dipeptides 
D)  Mainly as oligopeptides 
E)  Only by being co-transported with Na+ 
A)  Only as single amino acids 
B)  Only as dipeptides 
C)  As both single amino acids and dipeptides 
D)  Mainly as oligopeptides 
E)  Only by being co-transported with Na+

Question 13

The surface activity of bile acids

Accepted Answer

A)  Depends primarily on the free carboxyl group 
B)  Increases with the number of hydroxyl groups on the bile acid 
C)  Requires conjugation of the free carboxyl group with taurine or glycine 
D)  Is not required for the formation of mixed micelles 
E)  Anchors phospholipase A2 to lipid droplets in the lumen 
A)  Depends primarily on the free carboxyl group 
B)  Increases with the number of hydroxyl groups on the bile acid 
C)  Requires conjugation of the free carboxyl group with taurine or glycine 
D)  Is not required for the formation of mixed micelles 
E)  Anchors phospholipase A2 to lipid droplets in the lumen

Question 14

The brush border enzymes involved in protein digestion include all of the following EXCEPT

Accepted Answer

A)  Carboxypeptidase A 
B)  Aminopeptidase N 
C)  Aminopeptidase A 
D)  Dipeptidylcarboxypeptidase 
E)  Dipeptidylaminopeptidase 
A)  Carboxypeptidase A 
B)  Aminopeptidase N 
C)  Aminopeptidase A 
D)  Dipeptidylcarboxypeptidase 
E)  Dipeptidylaminopeptidase

Question 15

Glucose uptake across the brush border is by

Accepted Answer

A)  Facilitated diffusion 
B)  Primary active transport 
C)  Secondary active transport linked to Na+ cotransport 
D)  Secondary active transport linked to H+ cotransport 
E)  Both A and C are correct 
A)  Facilitated diffusion 
B)  Primary active transport 
C)  Secondary active transport linked to Na+ cotransport 
D)  Secondary active transport linked to H+ cotransport 
E)  Both A and C are correct

Question 16

W hich of the following statements about lactase is NOT true?

Accepted Answer

A)  Adult lack of lactase is present in most populations except Northern Europeans 
B)  Lactase is necessary for the hydrolysis of lactose 
C)  Lactose is composed of galactose and glucose 
D)  Lactase deficiency causes lactose intolerance 
E)  Persons with lactase can eat any amount of lactose without symptoms 
A)  Adult lack of lactase is present in most populations except Northern Europeans 
B)  Lactase is necessary for the hydrolysis of lactose 
C)  Lactose is composed of galactose and glucose 
D)  Lactase deficiency causes lactose intolerance 
E)  Persons with lactase can eat any amount of lactose without symptoms

Question 17

Lactose intolerance is accompanied by all of the following EXCEPT

Accepted Answer

A)  Osmotic diarrhea 
B)  Increased H2 in the exhaled air 
C)  Intestinal bloating and cramps 
D)  Increased intestinal gas 
E)  Decreased GI motility 
A)  Osmotic diarrhea 
B)  Increased H2 in the exhaled air 
C)  Intestinal bloating and cramps 
D)  Increased intestinal gas 
E)  Decreased GI motility

Question 18

Sugars are taken up by enterocytes

Accepted Answer

A)  Mainly as disaccharides 
B)  Only as glucose 
C)  Only by facilitated diffusion 
D)  Only by secondary active transport 
E)  Only as monosaccharides 
A)  Mainly as disaccharides 
B)  Only as glucose 
C)  Only by facilitated diffusion 
D)  Only by secondary active transport 
E)  Only as monosaccharides

Question 19

Pancreatic amylase

Accepted Answer

A)  Breaks starch down to glucose 
B)  Breaks unbranched starch down com pletely to maltose and maltotriose 
C)  Breaks branched starch down completely to maltose and maltotriose 
D)  Releases limit dextrins from unbranched starches 
E)  Releases glucose from starch 
A)  Breaks starch down to glucose 
B)  Breaks unbranched starch down com pletely to maltose and maltotriose 
C)  Breaks branched starch down completely to maltose and maltotriose 
D)  Releases limit dextrins from unbranched starches 
E)  Releases glucose from starch

Question 20

Lipoproteins are

Accepted Answer

A)  Proteins with lipid covalently attached 
B)  Proteins that coat lipids to solubilize them 
C)  Lipids whose carboxyl groups form a peptide bond with an am ino acid 
D)  Macom olecular assemblies of lipids with apolipoprotein coats 
E)  Made in the intestinal lumen 
A)  Proteins with lipid covalently attached 
B)  Proteins that coat lipids to solubilize them 
C)  Lipids whose carboxyl groups form a peptide bond with an am ino acid 
D)  Macom olecular assemblies of lipids with apolipoprotein coats 
E)  Made in the intestinal lumen

Exam 59: Digestion and Absorption of the Macronutrients

Endopeptidases include which of the following?

Humans cannot digest cellulose because

What other sugar competitively inhibits glucose uptake at the brush border membrane?

Triglyerides in the lymph or portal blood are

Glucose transfer from the enterocyte to the blood occurs by

Pespsinogen is activated to pepsin by

The main function of bile acids is due to their

Long chain fatty acids are mainly transported in the

Premature activation of pancreatic proteolytic enzymes is prevented by

Activation of pancreatic proteolytic enzymes is achieved by

Uptake of dipeptides across the brush border membrane

Amino acids are absorbed

The surface activity of bile acids

The brush border enzymes involved in protein digestion include all of the following EXCEPT

Glucose uptake across the brush border is by

W hich of the following statements about lactase is NOT true?

Lactose intolerance is accompanied by all of the following EXCEPT

Sugars are taken up by enterocytes

Pancreatic amylase

Lipoproteins are

Physical Foundations Ii: Electrical Force Potential Capacitance and Current

Chemical Foundations I: Chemical Energy and Intermolecular Forces

Chemical Foundations Ii: Concentration and Kinetics

Diffusion

Electrochemical Potential and Free Energy

Cell Structure

Dna and Protein Synthesis

Protein Structure

Biological Membranes

Passive Transport and Facilitated Diffusion

Active Transport: Pumps and Exchangers

Osmosis and Osmotic Pressure

Cell Signaling

ATP Production I: Glycolysis

Atp Production Ii: Tca Cycle and Oxidative Phosphorylation

Atp Production Iii: Fatty Acid Oxidation and Amino Acid Oxidation

Origin of the Membrane Potential

The Action Potential

Propagation of the Action Potential

Skeletal Muscle Mechanics

Contractile Mechanisms in Skeletal Muscle

Neuromuscular Junction and Ec Coupling

Muscle Energetics Fatigue and Training

Smooth Muscle

Organization of the Nervous System

Cells Synapses and Neurotransmitters

Cutaneous Sensory Systems

Spinal Reflexes

Balance and Control of Movement

the Chemical Senses

Hearing

Vision

Autonomic Nervous System

Overview of the Cv System and Blood

Plasma and Red Blood Cells

White Blood Cells and Inflammation

The Heart As a Pump

Cellular Basis of Cardiac Contractility

the Cardiac Function Curve

Vascular Function: Hemodynamics

Microcirculation and Solute Exchange

Regulation of Perfusion

Integration of Cardiac Output and Venous Return

Regulation of Arterial Pressure

Mechanics of Breathing

Lung Volumes and Airway Resistance

Gas Exchange in the Lung

Oxygen and Carbon Dioxide Transport

Acid Base Physiology I Bicarbonate Buffers and Respiratory Compensation

Control of Ventilation

Anatomy and Renal Overview

Glomerular Filtration

Tubular Reabsorption and Secretion

Concentration and Dilution of Urine

Mouth and Esophagus

The Stomach

Intestinal and Colonic Motility

Pancreatic and Biliary Secretion

Energy Balance and Regulation of Food Intake