Question 1

The main function of the electron transport chain is to

Accepted Answer

A)  Oxidize NADH and FADH2 and pump H+ for the generation of ATP 
B)  Carry electrons back to the beginning of metabolism 
C)  Transport electrons out of the mitochondria 
D)  Completely oxidize acetyl CoA 
E)  Regenerate NADH and FADH2 
A)  Oxidize NADH and FADH2 and pump H+ for the generation of ATP 
B)  Carry electrons back to the beginning of metabolism 
C)  Transport electrons out of the mitochondria 
D)  Completely oxidize acetyl CoA 
E)  Regenerate NADH and FADH2 A

Question 2

Glycolysis is the process

Accepted Answer

A)  In carbohydrate metabolism that converts glucose to pyruvic acid 
B)  In carbohydrate metabolism that converts pyruvic acid to CO2 
C)  In lipid metabolism that converts fatty acids to acetyl CoA 
D)  In lipid metabolism in which acetyl CoA is oxidized to CO2 
E)  In amino acid metabolism in which glucose is generated 
A)  In carbohydrate metabolism that converts glucose to pyruvic acid 
B)  In carbohydrate metabolism that converts pyruvic acid to CO2 
C)  In lipid metabolism that converts fatty acids to acetyl CoA 
D)  In lipid metabolism in which acetyl CoA is oxidized to CO2 
E)  In amino acid metabolism in which glucose is generated A

Question 3

The generation of glucose from amino acid precursors is called

Accepted Answer

A)  Glycolysis 
B)  Glycogenolysis 
C)  Lipogenesis 
D)  Gluconeogensis 
E)  Glucotransformation 
A)  Glycolysis 
B)  Glycogenolysis 
C)  Lipogenesis 
D)  Gluconeogensis 
E)  Glucotransformation D

Question 4

Glycogenolysis

Accepted Answer

A)  Breaks glycogen down , releasing glucose-1-phosphate 
B)  Form s glucose from am ino acid precursors 
C)  Occurs only in the liver 
D)  Occurs only in muscle 
E)  Makes glucose available from fatty acids 
A)  Breaks glycogen down , releasing glucose-1-phosphate 
B)  Form s glucose from am ino acid precursors 
C)  Occurs only in the liver 
D)  Occurs only in muscle 
E)  Makes glucose available from fatty acids

Question 5

Which of the following is NOT a source of plasma glucose?

Accepted Answer

A)  Ingested food 
B)  Free fatty acids 
C)  Alanine by gluconeogenesis 
D)  Liver glycogen 
E)  Glycine, by gluoneogenesis 
A)  Ingested food 
B)  Free fatty acids 
C)  Alanine by gluconeogenesis 
D)  Liver glycogen 
E)  Glycine, by gluoneogenesis

Question 6

Rapid increases in glycogenolysis in the liver is brought about by

Accepted Answer

A)  Activation of phosphorylase by a signal cascade involving activation of PKA by cAM P 
B)  Activation of phosphorylase by catalytic receptors on the surface membrane of the hepatocyte 
C)  Increased synthesis of phosphorylase through nuclear receptors 
D)  Depolarization of the liver cell, increased cytosolic [Ca2+] and activation of CAM Kinase 
E)  Activation of a JAK-STAT pathway 
A)  Activation of phosphorylase by a signal cascade involving activation of PKA by cAM P 
B)  Activation of phosphorylase by catalytic receptors on the surface membrane of the hepatocyte 
C)  Increased synthesis of phosphorylase through nuclear receptors 
D)  Depolarization of the liver cell, increased cytosolic [Ca2+] and activation of CAM Kinase 
E)  Activation of a JAK-STAT pathway

Question 7

Most energy-requiring reactions in the cell obtain their energy from

Accepted Answer

A)  The hydrolysis of the terminal phosphate bond in ATP 
B)  Thermal energy provided by the heat of the body 
C)  The energy in the chemical bonds of proteins 
D)  Proteolys is 
E)  Glycogenolysis 
A)  The hydrolysis of the terminal phosphate bond in ATP 
B)  Thermal energy provided by the heat of the body 
C)  The energy in the chemical bonds of proteins 
D)  Proteolys is 
E)  Glycogenolysis

Question 8

Glucose enters muscle and fat cells from the blood by using

Accepted Answer

A)  SGLT1 
B)  GLUT4 
C)  A Na+ -glucose exchanger 
D)  NHE 
E)  A primary active transport mechanism 
A)  SGLT1 
B)  GLUT4 
C)  A Na+ -glucose exchanger 
D)  NHE 
E)  A primary active transport mechanism

Question 9

In substrate-level phosphorylation, the phosphate used to make ATP from ADP comes from

Accepted Answer

A)  Inorganic phosphate in the cytoplasm 
B)  Inorganic phosphate in the matrix of the m itochondria 
C)  Phosphate in the DNA backbone 
D)  A phosphorylated metabolic intermediate 
E)  ADP 
A)  Inorganic phosphate in the cytoplasm 
B)  Inorganic phosphate in the matrix of the m itochondria 
C)  Phosphate in the DNA backbone 
D)  A phosphorylated metabolic intermediate 
E)  ADP

Question 10

Muscle fibers cannot contribute directly to plasma glucose because they lack

Accepted Answer

A)  Phosphorylase 
B)  Glucokinase 
C)  Glucose -1 -phosphatase 
D)  Phosphoglucomutase 
E)  Glucose-6-phosphatase 
A)  Phosphorylase 
B)  Glucokinase 
C)  Glucose -1 -phosphatase 
D)  Phosphoglucomutase 
E)  Glucose-6-phosphatase

Question 11

Lactate dehydrogenase

Accepted Answer

A)  Allows for rapid glycolysis and ATP production 
B)  Converts 2,3 diphosphoglyceric acid into lactic acid 
C)  Regenerates NAD+ so that rapid glycolysis can continue 
D)  Converts lactic acid into phosphoenolpyruvic acid 
E)  Both A and C are true 
A)  Allows for rapid glycolysis and ATP production 
B)  Converts 2,3 diphosphoglyceric acid into lactic acid 
C)  Regenerates NAD+ so that rapid glycolysis can continue 
D)  Converts lactic acid into phosphoenolpyruvic acid 
E)  Both A and C are true

Question 12

Glycolysis traps some of the chemical energy of oxidation as ATP, and the remainder as

Accepted Answer

A)  AMP 
B)  NADH 
C)  Ph osp hate 
D)  FADH2 
E)  GTP 
A)  AMP 
B)  NADH 
C)  Ph osp hate 
D)  FADH2 
E)  GTP

Question 13

The TCA cycle's main function is to

Accepted Answer

A)  Oxidize acet yl CoA to CO2 
B)  Make acetyl CoA for synthesis of lipids 
C)  Produce reducing equivalents as NADH and FADH2 
D)  Synthesize ATP 
E)  Both A and C are correct 
A)  Oxidize acet yl CoA to CO2 
B)  Make acetyl CoA for synthesis of lipids 
C)  Produce reducing equivalents as NADH and FADH2 
D)  Synthesize ATP 
E)  Both A and C are correct

Question 14

During gluconeogenesis, all of the following are essential EXCEPT

Accepted Answer

A)  Glycolysis runs backwards 
B)  Amino acids are used to make acetylCoA 
C)  Am ino acids are used to make oxaloacetate and malate 
D)  PEP carboxykinase converts oxaloacetate to phosphoenolypyruvate 
E)  Fructose biphosphatase is activated 
A)  Glycolysis runs backwards 
B)  Amino acids are used to make acetylCoA 
C)  Am ino acids are used to make oxaloacetate and malate 
D)  PEP carboxykinase converts oxaloacetate to phosphoenolypyruvate 
E)  Fructose biphosphatase is activated

Question 15

The enzyme that converts pyruvic acid into lactic acid is

Accepted Answer

A)  Pyruvate dehydrogenase 
B)  Pyruvate kinase 
C)  Enolase 
D)  Phosphoenolpyruvate dehydrogenase 
E)  Lactate dehydrogenase 
A)  Pyruvate dehydrogenase 
B)  Pyruvate kinase 
C)  Enolase 
D)  Phosphoenolpyruvate dehydrogenase 
E)  Lactate dehydrogenase

Exam 14: ATP Production I: Glycolysis

The main function of the electron transport chain is to

Glycolysis is the process

The generation of glucose from amino acid precursors is called

Glycogenolysis

Which of the following is NOT a source of plasma glucose?

Rapid increases in glycogenolysis in the liver is brought about by

Most energy-requiring reactions in the cell obtain their energy from

Glucose enters muscle and fat cells from the blood by using

In substrate-level phosphorylation, the phosphate used to make ATP from ADP comes from

Muscle fibers cannot contribute directly to plasma glucose because they lack

Lactate dehydrogenase

Glycolysis traps some of the chemical energy of oxidation as ATP, and the remainder as

The TCA cycle's main function is to

During gluconeogenesis, all of the following are essential EXCEPT

The enzyme that converts pyruvic acid into lactic acid is

Physical Foundations Ii: Electrical Force Potential Capacitance and Current

Chemical Foundations I: Chemical Energy and Intermolecular Forces

Chemical Foundations Ii: Concentration and Kinetics

Diffusion

Electrochemical Potential and Free Energy

Cell Structure

Dna and Protein Synthesis

Protein Structure

Biological Membranes

Passive Transport and Facilitated Diffusion

Active Transport: Pumps and Exchangers

Osmosis and Osmotic Pressure

Cell Signaling

Atp Production Ii: Tca Cycle and Oxidative Phosphorylation

Atp Production Iii: Fatty Acid Oxidation and Amino Acid Oxidation

Origin of the Membrane Potential

The Action Potential

Propagation of the Action Potential

Skeletal Muscle Mechanics

Contractile Mechanisms in Skeletal Muscle

Neuromuscular Junction and Ec Coupling

Muscle Energetics Fatigue and Training

Smooth Muscle

Organization of the Nervous System

Cells Synapses and Neurotransmitters

Cutaneous Sensory Systems

Spinal Reflexes

Balance and Control of Movement

the Chemical Senses

Hearing

Vision

Autonomic Nervous System

Overview of the Cv System and Blood

Plasma and Red Blood Cells

White Blood Cells and Inflammation

The Heart As a Pump

Cellular Basis of Cardiac Contractility

the Cardiac Function Curve

Vascular Function: Hemodynamics

Microcirculation and Solute Exchange

Regulation of Perfusion

Integration of Cardiac Output and Venous Return

Regulation of Arterial Pressure

Mechanics of Breathing

Lung Volumes and Airway Resistance

Gas Exchange in the Lung

Oxygen and Carbon Dioxide Transport

Acid Base Physiology I Bicarbonate Buffers and Respiratory Compensation

Control of Ventilation

Anatomy and Renal Overview

Glomerular Filtration

Tubular Reabsorption and Secretion

Concentration and Dilution of Urine

Mouth and Esophagus

The Stomach

Intestinal and Colonic Motility

Pancreatic and Biliary Secretion

Digestion and Absorption of the Macronutrients

Energy Balance and Regulation of Food Intake

General Principles of Endocrinology

Hypothalamus and Pituitary Gland

The Thyroid Gland

The Endocrine Pancreas

The Adrenal Cortex