Question 1

The sieving coefficient for proteins depends on their

Accepted Answer

A)  size only 
B)  charge only 
C)  Both size and charge 
D)  density 
E)  diffusion coefficient 
A)  size only 
B)  charge only 
C)  Both size and charge 
D)  density 
E)  diffusion coefficient C

Question 2

The first evidence of the formation of a protein-free filtrate was provided by

Accepted Answer

A)  Renal titration curves 
B)  Micropuncture studies of the glomerular fluid 
C)  Microscopic investigation of nephron structure 
D)  Demonstration that the potential obeys Gibbs-Donnan equilibrium 
E)  Calculation of the double ratio 
A)  Renal titration curves 
B)  Micropuncture studies of the glomerular fluid 
C)  Microscopic investigation of nephron structure 
D)  Demonstration that the potential obeys Gibbs-Donnan equilibrium 
E)  Calculation of the double ratio B

Question 3

The GFR is best estimated by the clearance of

Accepted Answer

A)  PAH 
B)  water 
C)  creatinine 
D)  inulin 
E)  phosphate 
A)  PAH 
B)  water 
C)  creatinine 
D)  inulin 
E)  phosphate D

Question 4

During dehydration, glomerular filtration is reduced partly because the

Accepted Answer

A)  Ultrafiltrate oncotic pressure increases 
B)  Plasma hydraulic pressure increases 
C)  Ultrafiltrate hydraulic pressure increases 
D)  Plasma oncotic pressure increases 
E)  Filtration coefficient increases 
A)  Ultrafiltrate oncotic pressure increases 
B)  Plasma hydraulic pressure increases 
C)  Ultrafiltrate hydraulic pressure increases 
D)  Plasma oncotic pressure increases 
E)  Filtration coefficient increases

Question 5

Urea has a molecular weight of 60. You would expect

Accepted Answer

A)  the sieving coefficient to be urea 
C)  its concentration in the ultrafiltrate to be the same as its concentration in plasma 
D)  its reflection coefficient to be 1.0 
E)  it to be secreted 
A)  the sieving coefficient to be urea 
C)  its concentration in the ultrafiltrate to be the same as its concentration in plasma 
D)  its reflection coefficient to be 1.0 
E)  it to be secreted

Question 6

The major force favoring formation of the glomerular ultrafiltrate is the

Accepted Answer

A)  Plasma oncotic pressure 
B)  Ultrafiltrate oncotic pressure 
C)  Plasm a hydraulic pressure 
D)  Ultrafiltrate hydraulic pressure 
E)  Hydraulic permeability of the glomerular membrane 
A)  Plasma oncotic pressure 
B)  Ultrafiltrate oncotic pressure 
C)  Plasm a hydraulic pressure 
D)  Ultrafiltrate hydraulic pressure 
E)  Hydraulic permeability of the glomerular membrane

Question 7

Which is NOT part of the reason why the clearance of inulin is equal to the GFR?

Accepted Answer

A)  Inulin is freely filtered 
B)  Inulin is not reabsorbed 
C)  Inulin is not secreted 
D)  Inulin is not metabolized 
E)  Inulin crosses cell membranes 
A)  Inulin is freely filtered 
B)  Inulin is not reabsorbed 
C)  Inulin is not secreted 
D)  Inulin is not metabolized 
E)  Inulin crosses cell membranes

Question 8

The clearance of PAH approximates the

Accepted Answer

A)  Effective renal blood flow 
B)  GFR 
C)  Sieving coefficient 
D)  Effective renal plasma flow 
E)  Flow through the vasa recta 
A)  Effective renal blood flow 
B)  GFR 
C)  Sieving coefficient 
D)  Effective renal plasma flow 
E)  Flow through the vasa recta

Question 9

Proteins with Stoke’s radius > about 6 nm are excluded from the ultrafiltrate because

Accepted Answer

A)  They are too large to fit through pores in the endothelium 
B)  They have too many negative charges and are repelled by the negative basement
mem brane 
C)  They move too slowly 
D)  They are too large to fit through pores in the slit diaphragms 
E)  This is not true. Proteins with Stokes radius > 6 nm still end up in the ultrafiltrate 
A)  They are too large to fit through pores in the endothelium 
B)  They have too many negative charges and are repelled by the negative basement
mem brane 
C)  They move too slowly 
D)  They are too large to fit through pores in the slit diaphragms 
E)  This is not true. Proteins with Stokes radius > 6 nm still end up in the ultrafiltrate

Question 10

In general, negative charges on proteins

Accepted Answer

A)  Increases their sieving coefficient towards 1.0 
B)  Inhibits filtration because of negatively charged solutes in the ultrafiltrate 
C)  Reduces filtration because of negative charges in the basement membrane and slit
diaphragm 
D)  Has no effect on filtration at the glomerulus 
E)  Enhances filtration due to positive charges in the basement membrane and slit diaphragm 
A)  Increases their sieving coefficient towards 1.0 
B)  Inhibits filtration because of negatively charged solutes in the ultrafiltrate 
C)  Reduces filtration because of negative charges in the basement membrane and slit
diaphragm 
D)  Has no effect on filtration at the glomerulus 
E)  Enhances filtration due to positive charges in the basement membrane and slit diaphragm

Question 11

The filtration fraction is

Accepted Answer

A)  the ratio of glomerular filtration rate to renal blood flow 
B)  the ratio of glomerular filtration rate to renal plasma flow 
C)  the ratio of glomerular filtration rate to efferent arteriolar flow 
D)  the ratio of glomerular filtration rate to cardiac output 
E)  zero for large proteins 
A)  the ratio of glomerular filtration rate to renal blood flow 
B)  the ratio of glomerular filtration rate to renal plasma flow 
C)  the ratio of glomerular filtration rate to efferent arteriolar flow 
D)  the ratio of glomerular filtration rate to cardiac output 
E)  zero for large proteins

Question 12

The major barrier to filtration of red blood cells is the

Accepted Answer

A)  endothelium 
B)  basement membrane 
C)  podocyte slits 
D)  slit diaphragm 
E)  podocyte plasma mem brane 
A)  endothelium 
B)  basement membrane 
C)  podocyte slits 
D)  slit diaphragm 
E)  podocyte plasma mem brane

Question 13

Blood flowing through the efferent arteriole

Accepted Answer

A)  Has the same concentration of small ions as afferent arteriolar blood but higher
protein concentration 
B)  Is the same as blood everywhere else in the body 
C)  Is concentrated in all respects due to extraction of water into the ultrafiltrate 
D)  Has a higher hydrostatic pressure than afferent arteriolar blood 
E)  Has the same hydrostatic pressure as afferent ateriolar blood because the efferent
arteriole constricts 
A)  Has the same concentration of small ions as afferent arteriolar blood but higher
protein concentration 
B)  Is the same as blood everywhere else in the body 
C)  Is concentrated in all respects due to extraction of water into the ultrafiltrate 
D)  Has a higher hydrostatic pressure than afferent arteriolar blood 
E)  Has the same hydrostatic pressure as afferent ateriolar blood because the efferent
arteriole constricts

Question 14

W hich is NOT a fundamental or elementary process of the nephron?

Accepted Answer

A)  Ultrafiltration 
B)  Proteolytic degradation 
C)  Reabsorption 
D)  Secretion 
E)  Movement of material from lumen to peritubular capillaries 
A)  Ultrafiltration 
B)  Proteolytic degradation 
C)  Reabsorption 
D)  Secretion 
E)  Movement of material from lumen to peritubular capillaries

Question 15

The units of clearance are

Accepted Answer

A)  mL 
B)  Moles min-1 
C)  mL min-1 / M 
D)  mL min-1 
E)  Joules mol-1 
A)  mL 
B)  Moles min-1 
C)  mL min-1 / M 
D)  mL min-1 
E)  Joules mol-1

Question 16

The major barrier to filtration of plasma proteins such as albumin is

Accepted Answer

A)  endothelium 
B)  basement membrane 
C)  podocyte slits 
D)  slit diaphragm 
E)  podocyte plasma mem brane 
A)  endothelium 
B)  basement membrane 
C)  podocyte slits 
D)  slit diaphragm 
E)  podocyte plasma mem brane

Exam 52: Glomerular Filtration

The sieving coefficient for proteins depends on their

The first evidence of the formation of a protein-free filtrate was provided by

The GFR is best estimated by the clearance of

During dehydration, glomerular filtration is reduced partly because the

Urea has a molecular weight of 60. You would expect

The major force favoring formation of the glomerular ultrafiltrate is the

Which is NOT part of the reason why the clearance of inulin is equal to the GFR?

The clearance of PAH approximates the

Proteins with Stoke’s radius > about 6 nm are excluded from the ultrafiltrate because

In general, negative charges on proteins

The filtration fraction is

The major barrier to filtration of red blood cells is the

Blood flowing through the efferent arteriole

W hich is NOT a fundamental or elementary process of the nephron?

The units of clearance are

The major barrier to filtration of plasma proteins such as albumin is

Physical Foundations Ii: Electrical Force Potential Capacitance and Current

Chemical Foundations I: Chemical Energy and Intermolecular Forces

Chemical Foundations Ii: Concentration and Kinetics

Diffusion

Electrochemical Potential and Free Energy

Cell Structure

Dna and Protein Synthesis

Protein Structure

Biological Membranes

Passive Transport and Facilitated Diffusion

Active Transport: Pumps and Exchangers

Osmosis and Osmotic Pressure

Cell Signaling

ATP Production I: Glycolysis

Atp Production Ii: Tca Cycle and Oxidative Phosphorylation

Atp Production Iii: Fatty Acid Oxidation and Amino Acid Oxidation

Origin of the Membrane Potential

The Action Potential

Propagation of the Action Potential

Skeletal Muscle Mechanics

Contractile Mechanisms in Skeletal Muscle

Neuromuscular Junction and Ec Coupling

Muscle Energetics Fatigue and Training

Smooth Muscle

Organization of the Nervous System

Cells Synapses and Neurotransmitters

Cutaneous Sensory Systems

Spinal Reflexes

Balance and Control of Movement

the Chemical Senses

Hearing

Vision

Autonomic Nervous System

Overview of the Cv System and Blood

Plasma and Red Blood Cells

White Blood Cells and Inflammation

The Heart As a Pump

Cellular Basis of Cardiac Contractility

the Cardiac Function Curve

Vascular Function: Hemodynamics

Microcirculation and Solute Exchange

Regulation of Perfusion

Integration of Cardiac Output and Venous Return

Regulation of Arterial Pressure

Mechanics of Breathing

Lung Volumes and Airway Resistance

Gas Exchange in the Lung

Oxygen and Carbon Dioxide Transport

Acid Base Physiology I Bicarbonate Buffers and Respiratory Compensation

Control of Ventilation

Anatomy and Renal Overview

Tubular Reabsorption and Secretion

Concentration and Dilution of Urine

Mouth and Esophagus

The Stomach

Intestinal and Colonic Motility

Pancreatic and Biliary Secretion

Digestion and Absorption of the Macronutrients

Energy Balance and Regulation of Food Intake

General Principles of Endocrinology

Hypothalamus and Pituitary Gland

The Thyroid Gland

The Endocrine Pancreas