Question 1

In general, the function of the water soluble vitamins is to

Accepted Answer

A)  Be electron acceptors during oxidation-reduction reactions 
B)  Serve as cofactors for enzymatic reactions 
C)  Take part in cellular signaling 
D)  Regulate gene expression 
E)  Direct the synthesis of proteins 
A)  Be electron acceptors during oxidation-reduction reactions 
B)  Serve as cofactors for enzymatic reactions 
C)  Take part in cellular signaling 
D)  Regulate gene expression 
E)  Direct the synthesis of proteins B

Question 2

Why does NADH yield 3 ATP while FADH2 only yields 2 ATP?

Accepted Answer

A)  NADH has a higher electrochemical potential than FADH2 
B)  NADH enters the ETC at complex I while FADH2 enters it at complex II 
C)  The standard free energy difference between NADH and NAD+ exceeds the standard free
energy difference between FADH2 and FAD 
D)  The chemical energy stored in NADH is more than that stored in FADH2 
E)  All of the above 
A)  NADH has a higher electrochemical potential than FADH2 
B)  NADH enters the ETC at complex I while FADH2 enters it at complex II 
C)  The standard free energy difference between NADH and NAD+ exceeds the standard free
energy difference between FADH2 and FAD 
D)  The chemical energy stored in NADH is more than that stored in FADH2 
E)  All of the above E

Question 3

NAD+ is converted to NADH during

Accepted Answer

A)  Oxidation reactions 
B)  Gluconeogenesis 
C)  Reactions catalyzed by dehydrogenase enzymes 
D)  Protein synthesis 
E)  Both A and C are correct 
A)  Oxidation reactions 
B)  Gluconeogenesis 
C)  Reactions catalyzed by dehydrogenase enzymes 
D)  Protein synthesis 
E)  Both A and C are correct E

Question 4

The reaction catalyzed by pyruvate dehydrogenase occurs in the

Accepted Answer

A)  Cytosol 
B)  Peroxisome 
C)  Mitochondria 
D)  ER lumen 
E)  Golgi stack 
A)  Cytosol 
B)  Peroxisome 
C)  Mitochondria 
D)  ER lumen 
E)  Golgi stack

Question 5

Complete oxidation of acetyl CoA to CO2 produces

Accepted Answer

A)  4 NADH, 1 FADH 2 , 1 GTP and 3 CO₂ 
B)  3 NADH, 1 FADH 2, 1 GTP and 3 CO₂ 
C)  3 NADH, 1 FADH 2, 1 GTP and 2 CO₂ 
D)  4 NADH, 1 FADH 2 , 1 GTP and 3 CO₂.. 
E)  4 NADH, 1 FADH 2 , 1 GTP and 3 CO₂. 
A)  4 NADH, 1 FADH 2 , 1 GTP and 3 CO₂ 
B)  3 NADH, 1 FADH 2, 1 GTP and 3 CO₂ 
C)  3 NADH, 1 FADH 2, 1 GTP and 2 CO₂ 
D)  4 NADH, 1 FADH 2 , 1 GTP and 3 CO₂.. 
E)  4 NADH, 1 FADH 2 , 1 GTP and 3 CO₂.

Question 6

Cytosolic NADH

Accepted Answer

A)  Enters the mitochondrial matrix through a countertransport mechanism 
B)  Enters the mitochondrial matrix by active transport 
C)  Enters the mitochondrial matrix by passive transport 
D)  Enters the m itochondrial matrix by osmosis 
E)  NADH does not cross the inner mitochondrial membrane 
A)  Enters the mitochondrial matrix through a countertransport mechanism 
B)  Enters the mitochondrial matrix by active transport 
C)  Enters the mitochondrial matrix by passive transport 
D)  Enters the m itochondrial matrix by osmosis 
E)  NADH does not cross the inner mitochondrial membrane

Question 7

Complete oxidation of pyruvate to CO2 produces

Accepted Answer

A)  4 NADH, 1 FADH 2 , 1 GTP and 3 CO₂ 
B)  3 NADH, 1 FADH 2, 1 GTP and 3 CO₂ 
C)  3 NADH, 1 FADH 2, 1 GTP and 2 CO₂ 
D)  4 NADH, 1 FADH 2 , 1 GTP and 3 CO₂.. 
E)  4 NADH, 1 FADH 2 , 1 GTP and 3 CO₂. 
A)  4 NADH, 1 FADH 2 , 1 GTP and 3 CO₂ 
B)  3 NADH, 1 FADH 2, 1 GTP and 3 CO₂ 
C)  3 NADH, 1 FADH 2, 1 GTP and 2 CO₂ 
D)  4 NADH, 1 FADH 2 , 1 GTP and 3 CO₂.. 
E)  4 NADH, 1 FADH 2 , 1 GTP and 3 CO₂.

Question 8

Cytosolic reducing equivalents enter the electron transport chain by

Accepted Answer

A)  Being carried by malate 
B)  Being carried by pyruvate 
C)  Being carried by glycerol-3-phosphate 
D)  Being carried by ADP 
E)  A and C are correct 
A)  Being carried by malate 
B)  Being carried by pyruvate 
C)  Being carried by glycerol-3-phosphate 
D)  Being carried by ADP 
E)  A and C are correct

Question 9

The membrane potential across the inner mitochondrial membrane is established by

Accepted Answer

A)  Pumping out Na+ ions by the Na, K-ATPase 
B)  Higher permeability to H+, which has a higher concentration inside the m itochondria 
C)  Higher permeability to H+, which has a lower concentration inside the mitochondria 
D)  Pum ping out H+ ions by the electron transport chain 
E)  Pumping out K+ ions by the Na, K-ATPase 
A)  Pumping out Na+ ions by the Na, K-ATPase 
B)  Higher permeability to H+, which has a higher concentration inside the m itochondria 
C)  Higher permeability to H+, which has a lower concentration inside the mitochondria 
D)  Pum ping out H+ ions by the electron transport chain 
E)  Pumping out K+ ions by the Na, K-ATPase

Question 10

The series of reactions that allows NADH and FADH2 to be oxidized with the eventually reduction of O2 to H2O is called the

Accepted Answer

A)  TCA cycle 
B)  Glycolytic cascade 
C)  Pentose pathway 
D)  Electron transport chain 
E)  Oxidative phosphorylation 
A)  TCA cycle 
B)  Glycolytic cascade 
C)  Pentose pathway 
D)  Electron transport chain 
E)  Oxidative phosphorylation

Question 11

NADH that feeds into the electron transport chain originates mainly from

Accepted Answer

A)  Glycolysis in the cytosol 
B)  $\beta$ oxidation in the mitochondria 
C)  The TCA cycle in the mitochondria 
D)  Protein catabolism in the cytosol 
E)  $\beta$ oxidation in the peroxisomes 
A)  Glycolysis in the cytosol 
B)  $\beta$ oxidation in the mitochondria 
C)  The TCA cycle in the mitochondria 
D)  Protein catabolism in the cytosol 
E)  $\beta$ oxidation in the peroxisomes

Question 12

Oxidative phosphorylation requires ADP and Pi entry and ATP exit. How does ATP get out of the mitochondria?

Accepted Answer

A)  It is transported out of the mitochondria on a carrier, the ATP-ADP translocase. 
B)  ATP gets out of the m itochondria bundled inside little spheres of membrane called vesicles. 
C)  ATP is secreted out of the mitochondria like a neurotransmitter 
D)  ATP is transported out of the mitochondria in exchange for Pi on a ATP-Pi exchanger 
E)  ATP exits the m itochondria on the electrophoretic uniport. 
A)  It is transported out of the mitochondria on a carrier, the ATP-ADP translocase. 
B)  ATP gets out of the m itochondria bundled inside little spheres of membrane called vesicles. 
C)  ATP is secreted out of the mitochondria like a neurotransmitter 
D)  ATP is transported out of the mitochondria in exchange for Pi on a ATP-Pi exchanger 
E)  ATP exits the m itochondria on the electrophoretic uniport.

Question 13

Each turn of the TCA cycle yields

Accepted Answer

A)  4 NADH, 2 FADH 2 and 1 GTP 
B)  4 NADH, 1 FADH 2 and 2 GTP 
C)  3 NADH, 1 FADH 2 and 1 GTP 
D)  3 NADH, 2 FADH 2 and 1 GTP 
E)  3 NADH, 1 FADH 2 and 2 GTP 
A)  4 NADH, 2 FADH 2 and 1 GTP 
B)  4 NADH, 1 FADH 2 and 2 GTP 
C)  3 NADH, 1 FADH 2 and 1 GTP 
D)  3 NADH, 2 FADH 2 and 1 GTP 
E)  3 NADH, 1 FADH 2 and 2 GTP

Question 14

NADH feeds into the electron transport chain at

Accepted Answer

A)  Complex I 
B)  Coenzyme Q 
C)  Complex II 
D)  Complex III 
E)  Complex IV 
A)  Complex I 
B)  Coenzyme Q 
C)  Complex II 
D)  Complex III 
E)  Complex IV

Question 15

The potential across the m itochondrial mem brane is

Accepted Answer

A)  About 180 mV, negative inside and across the inner mitochondrial membrane 
B)  About 85 mV, negative inside and across the inner mitochondrial membrane 
C)  About 180 mV, negative inside and across the outer mitochondrial mem brane 
D)  About 180 mV, positive inside and across the inner mitochondrial membrane 
E)  About 85 mV, positive inside and across the inner mitochondrial membrane 
A)  About 180 mV, negative inside and across the inner mitochondrial membrane 
B)  About 85 mV, negative inside and across the inner mitochondrial membrane 
C)  About 180 mV, negative inside and across the outer mitochondrial mem brane 
D)  About 180 mV, positive inside and across the inner mitochondrial membrane 
E)  About 85 mV, positive inside and across the inner mitochondrial membrane

Question 16

The energy for oxidative phosphorylation of ATP comes directly from

Accepted Answer

A)  The high free energy of NADH relative to NAD + 
B)  The electroch em ical gradient of H+ across the inner mitochondrial membrane 
C)  The high free energy of glucose relative to CO2 
D)  The high free energy of O2 relative to H2O 
E)  The high free energy of FADH2 relative to FADH 
A)  The high free energy of NADH relative to NAD + 
B)  The electroch em ical gradient of H+ across the inner mitochondrial membrane 
C)  The high free energy of glucose relative to CO2 
D)  The high free energy of O2 relative to H2O 
E)  The high free energy of FADH2 relative to FADH

Question 17

The first reaction in which CO2 is produced during catabolism of glucose is

Accepted Answer

A)  Conversion of pyruvate to acetyl CoA 
B)  Conversion of phosphoenolpyruvate to pyruvic acid 
C)  Conversion of succinate to alpha ketoglutarate 
D)  Conversion of alpha ketoglutarate to succinyl CoA 
E)  Condensation of oxaloacetate with acetyl CoA to form citrate 
A)  Conversion of pyruvate to acetyl CoA 
B)  Conversion of phosphoenolpyruvate to pyruvic acid 
C)  Conversion of succinate to alpha ketoglutarate 
D)  Conversion of alpha ketoglutarate to succinyl CoA 
E)  Condensation of oxaloacetate with acetyl CoA to form citrate

Exam 15: Atp Production Ii: Tca Cycle and Oxidative Phosphorylation

In general, the function of the water soluble vitamins is to

Why does NADH yield 3 ATP while FADH2 only yields 2 ATP?

NAD+ is converted to NADH during

The reaction catalyzed by pyruvate dehydrogenase occurs in the

Complete oxidation of acetyl CoA to CO2 produces

Cytosolic NADH

Complete oxidation of pyruvate to CO2 produces

Cytosolic reducing equivalents enter the electron transport chain by

The membrane potential across the inner mitochondrial membrane is established by

The series of reactions that allows NADH and FADH2 to be oxidized with the eventually reduction of O2 to H2O is called the

NADH that feeds into the electron transport chain originates mainly from

Oxidative phosphorylation requires ADP and Pi entry and ATP exit. How does ATP get out of the mitochondria?

Each turn of the TCA cycle yields

NADH feeds into the electron transport chain at

The potential across the m itochondrial mem brane is

The energy for oxidative phosphorylation of ATP comes directly from

The first reaction in which CO2 is produced during catabolism of glucose is

Physical Foundations Ii: Electrical Force Potential Capacitance and Current

Chemical Foundations I: Chemical Energy and Intermolecular Forces

Chemical Foundations Ii: Concentration and Kinetics

Diffusion

Electrochemical Potential and Free Energy

Cell Structure

Dna and Protein Synthesis

Protein Structure

Biological Membranes

Passive Transport and Facilitated Diffusion

Active Transport: Pumps and Exchangers

Osmosis and Osmotic Pressure

Cell Signaling

ATP Production I: Glycolysis

Atp Production Iii: Fatty Acid Oxidation and Amino Acid Oxidation

Origin of the Membrane Potential

The Action Potential

Propagation of the Action Potential

Skeletal Muscle Mechanics

Contractile Mechanisms in Skeletal Muscle

Neuromuscular Junction and Ec Coupling

Muscle Energetics Fatigue and Training

Smooth Muscle

Organization of the Nervous System

Cells Synapses and Neurotransmitters

Cutaneous Sensory Systems

Spinal Reflexes

Balance and Control of Movement

the Chemical Senses

Hearing

Vision

Autonomic Nervous System

Overview of the Cv System and Blood

Plasma and Red Blood Cells

White Blood Cells and Inflammation

The Heart As a Pump

Cellular Basis of Cardiac Contractility

the Cardiac Function Curve

Vascular Function: Hemodynamics

Microcirculation and Solute Exchange

Regulation of Perfusion

Integration of Cardiac Output and Venous Return

Regulation of Arterial Pressure

Mechanics of Breathing

Lung Volumes and Airway Resistance

Gas Exchange in the Lung

Oxygen and Carbon Dioxide Transport

Acid Base Physiology I Bicarbonate Buffers and Respiratory Compensation

Control of Ventilation

Anatomy and Renal Overview

Glomerular Filtration

Tubular Reabsorption and Secretion

Concentration and Dilution of Urine

Mouth and Esophagus

The Stomach

Intestinal and Colonic Motility

Pancreatic and Biliary Secretion

Digestion and Absorption of the Macronutrients

Energy Balance and Regulation of Food Intake

General Principles of Endocrinology

Hypothalamus and Pituitary Gland

The Thyroid Gland

Why does NADH yield 3 ATP while FADH₂ only yields 2 ATP?

NAD⁺ is converted to NADH during

Complete oxidation of acetyl CoA to CO₂ produces

Complete oxidation of pyruvate to CO₂ produces

The series of reactions that allows NADH and FADH₂ to be oxidized with the eventually reduction of O₂ to H₂O is called the

The first reaction in which CO₂ is produced during catabolism of glucose is