Question 1

The motor comm and for the withdraw reflex

Accepted Answer

A)  Exits the spinal cord via the ventral root of the spinal nerve 
B)  Enters the spinal cord via the grey rami comm unicans 
C)  Exits the spinal cord via the white rami comm unicans 
D)  Exits via the sympathetic chain 
E)  Enters the spinal cord via the dorsal root of the spinal nerve 
A)  Exits the spinal cord via the ventral root of the spinal nerve 
B)  Enters the spinal cord via the grey rami comm unicans 
C)  Exits the spinal cord via the white rami comm unicans 
D)  Exits via the sympathetic chain 
E)  Enters the spinal cord via the dorsal root of the spinal nerve A

Question 2

Afferent sensory information for the withdrawal reflex

Accepted Answer

A)  Enters the spinal cord via the ventral root of the spinal nerve 
B)  Enters the spinal cord via the grey rami comm unicans 
C)  Exits the spinal cord via the white rami comm unicans 
D)  Exits via the sympathetic chain 
E)  Enters the spinal cord via the dorsal root of the spinal nerve 
A)  Enters the spinal cord via the ventral root of the spinal nerve 
B)  Enters the spinal cord via the grey rami comm unicans 
C)  Exits the spinal cord via the white rami comm unicans 
D)  Exits via the sympathetic chain 
E)  Enters the spinal cord via the dorsal root of the spinal nerve E

Question 3

The “final common pathway” for control of muscle is the

Accepted Answer

A)  Alpha motor neuron 
B)  Upper motor neurons in the cortex 
C)  Lateral corticospinal tract 
D)  Pyramidal tract 
E)  Rubrospinal tract 
A)  Alpha motor neuron 
B)  Upper motor neurons in the cortex 
C)  Lateral corticospinal tract 
D)  Pyramidal tract 
E)  Rubrospinal tract A

Question 4

Tapping on the patellar ligament causes

Accepted Answer

A)  Reflex contraction of the gastrocnemius muscle 
B)  Reflex contraction of the soleus m uscle 
C)  Reflex inhibition of the gastrocnem ius musle 
D)  Reflex contraction of the quadriceps muscle 
E)  Reflex inhibition of the quadriceps muscle 
A)  Reflex contraction of the gastrocnemius muscle 
B)  Reflex contraction of the soleus m uscle 
C)  Reflex inhibition of the gastrocnem ius musle 
D)  Reflex contraction of the quadriceps muscle 
E)  Reflex inhibition of the quadriceps muscle

Question 5

The muscle spindle

Accepted Answer

A)  Uses annulospiral rings to sense stretch 
B)  Carries sensory information over the gamma afferents 
C)  Uses the Golgi tendon organ to sense muscle tension 
D)  Has afferents that travel up the dorsal columns 
E)  Both A and C 
A)  Uses annulospiral rings to sense stretch 
B)  Carries sensory information over the gamma afferents 
C)  Uses the Golgi tendon organ to sense muscle tension 
D)  Has afferents that travel up the dorsal columns 
E)  Both A and C

Question 6

Sensory input for the myotatic reflex is provided by

Accepted Answer

A)  pain receptors in the skin 
B)  Golgi tendon organ 
C)  Merkel’s disks 
D)  Pacinian corpuscles 
E)  muscle spindles 
A)  pain receptors in the skin 
B)  Golgi tendon organ 
C)  Merkel’s disks 
D)  Pacinian corpuscles 
E)  muscle spindles

Question 7

W hich of the following is NOT characteristic of a reflex?

Accepted Answer

A)  It is “hard-wired” - it does not require training 
B)  It is stereotypical - it always occurs in the same way 
C)  It can be voluntarily suppressed 
D)  It is a reflection of the nervous system onto the musculature 
E)  It is the most rapid of nervous responses to environmental stimuli 
A)  It is “hard-wired” - it does not require training 
B)  It is stereotypical - it always occurs in the same way 
C)  It can be voluntarily suppressed 
D)  It is a reflection of the nervous system onto the musculature 
E)  It is the most rapid of nervous responses to environmental stimuli

Question 8

The only monosynaptic reflex is the

Accepted Answer

A)  W ithdrawal reflex 
B)  Crossed-extensor reflex 
C)  Myotatic reflex 
D)  Inverse myotatic reflex 
E)  Direct pupillary reflex 
A)  W ithdrawal reflex 
B)  Crossed-extensor reflex 
C)  Myotatic reflex 
D)  Inverse myotatic reflex 
E)  Direct pupillary reflex

Question 9

Alpha motor neurons are located in the

Accepted Answer

A)  Premotor cortex 
B)  Pre-central gyrus 
C)  Post-central gyrus 
D)  Ventral horn of the spinal cord 
E)  Dorsal horn of the spinal cord 
A)  Premotor cortex 
B)  Pre-central gyrus 
C)  Post-central gyrus 
D)  Ventral horn of the spinal cord 
E)  Dorsal horn of the spinal cord

Question 10

W hich of the following is NOT a spinal reflex?

Accepted Answer

A)  The withdrawal reflex 
B)  The myotatic reflex 
C)  The blink reflex 
D)  The inverse myotatic reflex 
E)  The crossed-extensor reflex 
A)  The withdrawal reflex 
B)  The myotatic reflex 
C)  The blink reflex 
D)  The inverse myotatic reflex 
E)  The crossed-extensor reflex

Question 11

Sensory input for the withdrawal reflex is provided by

Accepted Answer

A)  pain receptors in the skin 
B)  Golgi tendon organ 
C)  Merkel’s disks 
D)  Pacinian corpuscles 
E)  muscle spindles 
A)  pain receptors in the skin 
B)  Golgi tendon organ 
C)  Merkel’s disks 
D)  Pacinian corpuscles 
E)  muscle spindles

Question 12

The Ia primary afferents from m uscle spindles carry information mainly about the

Accepted Answer

A)  Rate of stretch of the muscle 
B)  Static stretch of m uscle 
C)  Passive tension of the m uscle 
D)  Active tension of the m uscle 
E)  Stretch of the tendon 
A)  Rate of stretch of the muscle 
B)  Static stretch of m uscle 
C)  Passive tension of the m uscle 
D)  Active tension of the m uscle 
E)  Stretch of the tendon

Question 13

The purpose of the gamma efferent motor system is to

Accepted Answer

A)  override the inverse myotatic reflex 
B)  take over when alpha m otor neurons fail 
C)  maintain muscle spindle sensitivity during contractions 
D)  inhibit m uscle pain 
E)  prevent muscle spasm 
A)  override the inverse myotatic reflex 
B)  take over when alpha m otor neurons fail 
C)  maintain muscle spindle sensitivity during contractions 
D)  inhibit m uscle pain 
E)  prevent muscle spasm

Question 14

The sensory input for the crossed extensor reflex originates from

Accepted Answer

A)  Pain receptors in the contralateral skin 
B)  Contralateral Golgi tendon organ 
C)  Ipsilateral Merkel’s disks 
D)  Pacinian corpuscles 
E)  Ipsilateral muscle spindles 
A)  Pain receptors in the contralateral skin 
B)  Contralateral Golgi tendon organ 
C)  Ipsilateral Merkel’s disks 
D)  Pacinian corpuscles 
E)  Ipsilateral muscle spindles

Exam 28: Spinal Reflexes

The motor comm and for the withdraw reflex

Afferent sensory information for the withdrawal reflex

The “final common pathway” for control of muscle is the

Tapping on the patellar ligament causes

The muscle spindle

Sensory input for the myotatic reflex is provided by

W hich of the following is NOT characteristic of a reflex?

The only monosynaptic reflex is the

Alpha motor neurons are located in the

W hich of the following is NOT a spinal reflex?

Sensory input for the withdrawal reflex is provided by

The Ia primary afferents from m uscle spindles carry information mainly about the

The purpose of the gamma efferent motor system is to

The sensory input for the crossed extensor reflex originates from

Physical Foundations Ii: Electrical Force Potential Capacitance and Current

Chemical Foundations I: Chemical Energy and Intermolecular Forces

Chemical Foundations Ii: Concentration and Kinetics

Diffusion

Electrochemical Potential and Free Energy

Cell Structure

Dna and Protein Synthesis

Protein Structure

Biological Membranes

Passive Transport and Facilitated Diffusion

Active Transport: Pumps and Exchangers

Osmosis and Osmotic Pressure

Cell Signaling

ATP Production I: Glycolysis

Atp Production Ii: Tca Cycle and Oxidative Phosphorylation

Atp Production Iii: Fatty Acid Oxidation and Amino Acid Oxidation

Origin of the Membrane Potential

The Action Potential

Propagation of the Action Potential

Skeletal Muscle Mechanics

Contractile Mechanisms in Skeletal Muscle

Neuromuscular Junction and Ec Coupling

Muscle Energetics Fatigue and Training

Smooth Muscle

Organization of the Nervous System

Cells Synapses and Neurotransmitters

Cutaneous Sensory Systems

Balance and Control of Movement

the Chemical Senses

Hearing

Vision

Autonomic Nervous System

Overview of the Cv System and Blood

Plasma and Red Blood Cells

White Blood Cells and Inflammation

The Heart As a Pump

Cellular Basis of Cardiac Contractility

the Cardiac Function Curve

Vascular Function: Hemodynamics

Microcirculation and Solute Exchange

Regulation of Perfusion

Integration of Cardiac Output and Venous Return

Regulation of Arterial Pressure

Mechanics of Breathing

Lung Volumes and Airway Resistance

Gas Exchange in the Lung

Oxygen and Carbon Dioxide Transport

Acid Base Physiology I Bicarbonate Buffers and Respiratory Compensation

Control of Ventilation

Anatomy and Renal Overview

Glomerular Filtration

Tubular Reabsorption and Secretion

Concentration and Dilution of Urine

Mouth and Esophagus

The Stomach

Intestinal and Colonic Motility

Pancreatic and Biliary Secretion

Digestion and Absorption of the Macronutrients

Energy Balance and Regulation of Food Intake

General Principles of Endocrinology

Hypothalamus and Pituitary Gland

The Thyroid Gland

The Endocrine Pancreas

The Adrenal Cortex

The Adrenal Medulla